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Section: G-MORNING
Semester: 8th
The term WBS has become a common term in all fields related to Cost Engineering including
Construction Cost Estimating, Scheduling and Project Cost Control. A well defined WBS is the
backbone of good Construction Estimating Software and can take several forms including the
breakdown of items within an estimate, the layout of groups within a schedule or the rollup of
accounts within a cost report.
It usually starts with a client's desire to breakdown a tender into definable pay items, followed by
the project manager's wish to schedule activities of work in a logically and efficient manner and the
contract cost control engineer's goal to track and forecast costs. In each case a properly organized
WBS is required.
The cycle of developing, designing, constructing and maintaining Civil & Infrastructure projects
includes many phases and participants. The projects usually originate with a developer or
government body who formulate a concept design and budget.
If the project is approved it then moves on to preliminary design and a more detailed budget is
estimated. Depending on the financing options available, the project may go out as a traditional
Detailed Design and Bid Build project or proposals may be solicited for Design Build or Design Build
and Finance options.
Participants within the Project Cycle
The life of a major international infrastructure project can involve many participants and span across
many years. These projects involve developers, government agencies, engineers, contractors,
operators, environmentalists and community stake holders. It is essential for the success of a project
that all participants within the project cycle communicate and transfer data efficiently and
consistently.
The following paragraphs outline the various sub-projects and phases within the Civil Infrastructure
WBS.
Traditional work breakdown structures in the past have only identified the Construction Divisions
within a project. This proposed work breakdown includes all phases within the life span of the project
cycle, including Development, Engineering, Operations, Maintenance, Transfer and Risk.
The Project Capital Costs are normally the initial cost of the project, also referred to as the initial
investment for the project. It is within this phase that the project is designed and built. Traditional
work breakdowns have only included direct construction divisions. This WBS includes Site & Head
Office Overheads, Construction Equipment as well as Rolling Stock and Engineering.
Project Development
With the advent of the Build Own procurement model the activities and costs associated with the
financial development of the project also have to be accounted for and tracked. On major Civil
Infrastructure projects, separate entities called "Concessionaires" have evolved to take on this
responsibility. The concessionaire is often a joint venture company comprised of the contractors
involved with the project or can be a separate entity on their own.
The activities performed by the concessionaire have to be defined within the work breakdown
structure. These activities are split into 3 distinct phases; the Proposal Phase during which time the
proposal and financial models are prepared, the Financial Close phase, where the concessionaire
negotiates with banks and financial institutions to procure financing for the project and the
Operations phase, where the concessionaire manages or oversees the operation of the facility. On
some international projects it may take several years to finalize all the legal agreements in order to
get to financial close.
In addition to building and owning infrastructure facilities the concessionaire (developer) is normally
required to operate and maintain the facility over an extended period of time. The concession period
can extend for 20 to 30 years. At the end of the period that facility is then transferred back to the
municipality or government agency. The WBS must include the ability to estimate, schedule and
track these operations & maintenance activities over the concession period.
The staff involved with operating infrastructure facilities can include Management, Supervisors,
System Controllers, Fare Collectors and Vehicle Operators. Energy Consumption can include electric
power consumption for transit vehicles and fuel for buses. Consumables include tickets.
Maintenance can include such things as the cost of maintaining and cleaning buildings, repairing
highway pavements, cutting and watering grass, replacing bridge bearings and maintaining ticket
vending machines. Maintenance can also include the labor and parts required to operate transit
vehicles over the concession period.
Transferring the facility back to the government includes demobilization costs such as cleanup costs,
staff severance as well as audit fees required to transfer the assets.
The Construction phase of the Capital Cost portion of the project is still where most of the detailed
scheduling and cost control tasks are required. Most current WBS layouts have addressed the direct
construction costs in detail. The following paragraphs describe how current breakdown structures
have been adapted and revised to form part of the proposed Civil Infrastructure WBS.
It is under construction summary levels that the author has followed the basic divisions of work as
defined by CSI Master Format™ 2004. In the 2004 version, the term "Building" construction was
replaced with "Facilities" construction. Building Services that used to be classified under division 15
for Mechanical and division 16 for Electrical were shifted to divisions 20 through 29.
New divisions were created covering Civil and Infrastructure from divisions 30 through 39. There are
over 3,000 lines within this section of the WBS. We have included sample breakdowns of two of the
main CSI divisions here for illustrative purposes. The Building divisions, that remained the same
from the original CSI breakdown, and a new breakdown for the Earthworks level, included with the
new CSI divisions for Site Work.
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For Infrastructure work, where similar activities can be included in multiple items, the traditional CSI
breakdown does not work for estimating and scheduling purposes. For example; if a Retaining Wall
and a Bridge are to be constructed on the same project, they have to be estimated and scheduled
separately, yet they both include similar CSI divisions of work such as excavation, setting and
stripping formwork, and placing concrete.
For this reason, the work breakdown structure must include different WBS codes for these similar
activities in the various infrastructure summary levels. The proposed Infrastructure Break down
includes the following classifications:
The following table illustrates the different breakdown required for a Wall as opposed to a Bridge,
although each are performing essentially the same activities.
Conclusion
Project Initiation
Project Control
Project Closure
Project Initiation
Step 01: Project Kick Off
Step 02: Project Objective & Scope
Step 03: Project Schedule and Budgeting
Step 04: Stage Schedule and Budgeting
Step 05: Project Organization
Step 06: Project Control Procedures
Step 07: Business Case
Step 08: Project Initiation Stage Assessment
Project Control
Step 01: Stage Kick Off
Step 02: Project Board Meetings
Step 03: Quality Control
Step 04: Progress Control
Step 05: Change Control
Step 06: Issues Management
Step 07: Exception Situation
Step 08: Stage End Assessment
Project Closure
Step 01: Final Product Evaluation
Step 02: Project Completion
Step 03: Process Improvement
Capture Performance
Update Schedule
Update Costs
Re plan Stage Schedule
Conduct Team Status Review
Create Status Report
Update Stage Schedule
Create Flash Report
Request Change
Identify Alternative Solutions
Decide Change Actions
Implement Change
PC Step 06: Issues Management
TENDER DOCUMENT
APPOINTMENT OF Contracting firm FOR PROVIDING DATA ENTRY AND OTHER SERVICES
in Government Hospitals and Offices under the Health and Family Welfare Department through out
Kerala
CDAC, Thiruvananthapuram has been awarded the job of Computerization of Government Hospitals and
offices under the health and family welfare department through out Kerala. Also requires Electrical
supervisors, Electrical Operators in our substation situated in our CDAC (T) Campus. As part of the contract
Data Entry support has to be provided. CDAC (T) intends to sub-contract the work to a competent firm who
can undertake the work by deploying their personnel. Sealed Tenders are invited from experienced firms for
taking up this work on a turn-key basis. Offers in the prescribed form shall be received by Sr. Administrative
Officer, CDAC Thiruvananthapuram latest by 2.00 PM on Thursday the 26/03/2009.
Scope of work:
Electrical Supervisor, Electrical Operator to work in shifts ; Data Entry Operators, Medical Transcriptionists ,
Junior Programmers and Office Attendar / Cleaning staff to work in general shifts.
General Conditions:
1. The Contracting firm shall quote the rate per person per shift for Data Entry and Diploma / Medical
Transcriptionist. The rate quoted shall not be below the statutory rates as per minimum wages act.
The quoted rate should be inclusive of all taxes and other charges if any, and for delivery of services
at the designated location. The bill with attendance summary will be submitted before 5 th of the
following month and will be settled within ten days.
The rate quoted shall be firm throughout the contract period and there shall be no upward revision of
the same for any reason whatsoever. Income Tax and/or any other tax as applicable will be deducted
from the bill.
2. The deployment pattern including number of persons per shift would vary based on site
requirements and CDAC shall give a minimum notice of 5 working days for change of requirement
and the agency shall be bound to comply with the same.
3. Secrecy: During the period of the contract, the Contracting firm and their personnel shall have access
to proprietary or confidential information relating to the Project and the end user. Such information
constitutes valuable confidential property of CDAC and the end user. Neither the information nor the
documentation is to be reproduced, shown or disclosed to a third party. The Contracting firm shall
obtain from its employees a written agreement in a form acceptable to CDAC to treat proprietary
information as confidential.
4. The operators shall mark attendance at the office or any other designated place and Monthly
statement of Attendance will be submitted to CDAC along with the monthly bill. The personnel
deployed shall report 5 minutes before start of a shift and late coming shall not be entertained.
Similarly, the data entry operators shall properly hand over the responsibility to the next operator
before leaving the duty point. The Contracting firm shall ensure perfect discipline and behavior and
diligent performance of duty by their staff that shall not in any manner cause any interference,
annoyance, nuisance to the normal business of the end user or its office, staff, premises, visitors etc.
5. CDAC shall have nothing to do with and shall not be bound by any arrangements regarding wages or
any other matter which the Contracting firm makes with the staff that they engage to do the work
undertaken by them. The conditions of the service of the personnel engaged by the Contracting firm
shall be solely and exclusively the matter between the Contracting firm and the personnel engaged
by them and CDAC has nothing to do with the same.
6. The personnel engaged by the Contractor shall have nothing to do with CDAC either in respect of
statutory benefits due to the personnel such as wages or compensation under labor enactment,
gratuity or compensation under workmen’s Compensation Act or any other law or other matter
connected with the work undertaken by the Contracting firm.
7. The Contracting firm shall ensure that the work undertaken will be done by their personnel under
direct supervision and should any loss occur to CDAC or end user by the carelessness or negligence by the
Contractor’s personnel while they are on duty, the loss will be made good by the Contracting firm.
8. If the work is not carried out to the satisfaction of CDAC / end user and if the behavior or character
or conduct of the personnel engaged by the Contracting firm are found to be unsatisfactory at any
time during the period of operation of the contract, CDAC reserves the right to terminate the
contract with one month’s notice and if the contract is so terminated the Contracting firm shall not
have any claim for compensation for the remaining period of contract.
9. The Contracting firm shall issue identification cards to all their personnel deployed at the premises of
the end user.
10. The rate quoted per day should include service charges of the Contracting firm which in any case
shall not exceed 12% of the rate quoted. This would inter-alia mean that at least 88% of the rate
quoted should be passed on to the personnel engaged by the Contracting firm. Payments made
towards employer contribution to CPF, ESI etc would however be taken into account to arrive at 88%
payment to the employee.
11. The Contracting firm shall provide a Bank Guarantee for Rs 60,000/- towards Performance for the
contract period. This will be treated as security deposit for due and proper performance of the
terms of this agreement. The same will be released only after due fulfillment of the terms of the
contract.
12. The Contracting firm shall ensure that the work undertaken by them will be done to the entire
satisfaction of CDAC / end user and the personnel engaged by the Contracting firm shall in no sense
be deemed to be direct, indirect or ultimate employer of the personnel whom the Contracting firm
engages to do the work undertaken by them and there does not and there shall not exist any
employer-employee relationship between the CDAC on the one hand and the Contracting firm or
the staff engaged by them on the other hand for any statutory benefits and entitlements.
13. Removal of Contracting firm ’s men - CDAC and the end user shall be at liberty to object to and
require the Contracting firm to remove forthwith from the duty point any person employed by the
Contracting firm who in the opinion of CDAC / end user misconducts himself or is incompetent or
negligent in the proper performance of his duties or whose employment is otherwise considered by
CDAC / end user to be undesirable and such person shall be replaced by the Contracting firm
without delay by a competent substitute approved by CDAC.
14. Preservation of peace - The Contracting firm shall take requisite precautions to prevent any
riotous or unlawful behavior by or amongst their employees for the preservation of peace and
protection of the inhabitants and security of property in the neighborhood of the premises of the
end user.
15. Labor rules - In respect of all personnel directly or indirectly employed by the Contracting firm the
Contracting firm shall comply with the provisions of the contract labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act
1970, Minimum Wages Act 1948, Payment of Wages Act 1936, Workmen's Compensation Act 1923
and any amendments thereof and all legislation and rules of the State and/or Central Government or
other local authorities, framed from time to time, governing the protection of health, sanitary
arrangements, wages, welfare and safety for labor employed on building and construction works
and for bonus, retirement benefits, retrenchment/lay off, compensation and all other matters.
16. No equipment or furniture items within the premises of the end user shall be shifted from their
present position without obtaining clear instructions from authorized representative of CDAC.
17. The bidder should have good financial standing and should be in the area of providing data entry
services at least for the last three years.
18. The bidder should have adequate service infrastructure at Thiruvananthapuram or have
arrangements to support the system round the clock. Address of support location in
Thiruvananthapuram should be mentioned in the bid with telephone numbers.
19. The bidder should provide end user certificate from at least two customers indicating their
performance level.
20. The bid shall be valid for a period of six months from the date of opening of bid. Once quoted, the
bidder shall not make any subsequent price changes, whether resulting or arising out of any
technical / commercial clarifications sought regarding the bid, even if any deviation or exclusion may
be specifically stated in the bid. Such price changes shall render the bid liable for rejection.
21. The successful Contracting firm shall accept order within 7 days of releasing the order.
22. The Contracting firm should confirm that they shall maintain sufficient number of data entry
operators on their rolls to take care of leave, absenteeism, holidays etc. Under no circumstances, the
Contracting firm shall deploy fewer operators than specified by CDAC for a shift. If for any
unforeseen circumstances it is found that the deployment is beyond the control of the Contracting firm
or that the short deployment shall not affect normal working, the Contracting firm shall take prior
written permission to deploy less number of operators. Any reduction in stipulated number of
operators for a shift without specific authorization by CDAC shall automatically entail a penalty of an
amount equal to the rate quoted per shift for each of the absentee.
23. If the contract is terminated by the Contracting firm on their own accord during the contract period
without valid reason, 50% of the Security deposit will be forfeited. The CDAC will be at liberty to
terminate the Contract, if any of the conditions of the contract is violated. In any case one month’s
notice will be served on either side.
24. The Data Entry staff shall be engaged, supervised, controlled and paid by contracting firm and they
shall not be considered as C DAC’s employees in any manner whatsoever, and the Contracting firm
shall be responsible to the CDAC for their proper conduct and good behavior. The Contracting firm
shall be responsible to settle all disputes whatsoever that may arise between the Contracting firm
and their employees. The Contracting firm is exclusively responsible for submitting a Monthly
Acquaintance Roll and statement of wages paid to the employees and also employer’s/employees’
contribution in respect of ESI, PF and such other statutory obligations cast on him by virtue of his
employing them, provided, however, that if the Contracting firm does not satisfy the contractual
obligations to his employees and if such an event disrupts the normal functioning , the CDAC
reserves the right to take appropriate action in this regard including recovery of the “employer’s
contribution” from the bill due to Contracting firm from time to time, if default is made.
25. The cost of any articles due from the Contracting firm to the CDAC/ Medical College by way of
damages/destruction/demolition/alteration etc. caused to the equipments, building and rooms will
be recovered from the Contracting firm’s Cash Security Deposit and/or through the provisions of law.
26. The persons deployed by the Contracting firm shall possess minimum qualification as follows :
Data Entry Operator - Persons who have successfully completed 1 year program on
computer operations conducted by Industrial Training Institutes or
those who possess DOEACC ‘O’ level certificates or Graduates
who has undergone a computer course of minimum 3 months
duration with a speed of 8000 character insertions per hour.
Medical Transcriptionist- Persons who have successfully completed any Medical Transcription
Course and capable data entry of prescriptions & diagnosis of
doctors with minimum speed and accuracy fixed by CDAC.
CDAC shall be associated while making selection of persons for deployment under the contract. .
27. Sub-Contracting: The Contracting firm shall not sub-contract the whole of the contract or assign the
contract or any part thereof to any other agency.
28. Termination – CDAC shall be competent to terminate the contract unilaterally at the discretion of
CDAC owing to such exigencies as non-adherence to committed schedules, technological
requirements or government policies and in the event of such project activity being called off by
CDAC, the Contractor will be entitled to a compensation equivalent to the actual expenses incurred
or committed by the Contracting firm which shall be arrived at on scrutiny and acceptance of
supporting documents furnished by the Contracting firm..
If the Contracting firm abandons the contract or has failed to proceed with the work due to
negligence or the progress on any particular item or items is slow or has failed to execute the work
in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract, is persistently or frequently
neglecting to carryout their obligation under the contract, then it shall be lawful for CDAC to
terminate the contract forthwith under written notice and to proceed with the balance of the
work through any other agencies and the Contracting firm is liable to compensate CDAC for losses
incurred by it in such cases.
29. Subject to CDAC’s right to accept any tender and reject any or all tenders, CDAC will award the
contract to the tenderer whose bid has been determined to be substantially responsive to the tender
documents and who has offered the lowest Evaluated Tender Price, provided further that the
tenderer has the capability and resources to carry out the contract effectively. The assessment will
be based on the evaluation of the details furnished in the tender. Copies of testimonials and other
documentary evidences must be submitted along with the Bid for evaluation and confirmation of
qualifying requirements. The Contract shall not be awarded to an agency merely because the rate
quoted per shift is low but the competence of the firm in relation to managerial capabilities,
sustainability, track record, financial soundness, etc shall be given due consideration and the final
decision shall depend on all these parameters. Offers of firms who, in the opinion of CDAC do not
satisfy the above requirements will not be accepted and the firms who are judged as competent to
take up the job shall only be accepted. C-DAC, Thiruvananthapuram Centre reserves the right to
reject or ignore the lowest or any other tender either in full or part without assigning any reasons
thereof.
Submission of bid along with a non refundable processing fee of Rs.250/- by demand draft drawn in
favor of CDAC Trivandrum shall reach the undersigned by registered post / courier on or before
26/03/2009.
Envelope should be super scribed “TENDER FOR DATA ENTRY & OTHER RELATED WORK “.
CDAC, Thiruvananthapuram
TENDER FORM
S No Particulars
1. Name of the Organization/Applicant
5. Telephone No/Mobile No
S No Item Quote
2. Persons with knowledge of Medical Transcription Rs …… per shift per person (all
inclusive)
3. Persons with Diploma in Electronics / Computer Rs …… per shift per person (all
Applications / Computer Science or Graduates with inclusive)
PGDCA or B Sc, Electronics / Computer Science
4. Persons with diploma in Electrical Engineering Rs …… per shift per person (all
inclusive)
It is confirmed that I have thoroughly gone through the tender documents and I am agreeable to all the
terms given therein.
Encl:
DD No……………………Dt ………………Bank………………..Amount……..
Contractor Seal