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Affordable Housing Strategy 2011 - 2016
Telephone 0161-253-5870
Email: Adultcarecomms@bury.gov.uk
0161-253-5870
3
1.0 Foreword
4
We recognise that market conditions can change quickly
and we must respond to circumstances in order to
achieve our vision and deliver our priorities. Therefore,
we will update our action plan annually to take account
of changes in the housing market and new opportunities
for providing affordable housing.
Councillor Michael
Hankey
Executive Member for
Health and Well-
Being
5
2.0 Strategy Vision and Aims
The long term vision of this strategy is to:
‘Help Bury people access a decent home that they can afford and
which meets their needs’.
In order to achieve our vision and overarching goals, the strategy aims to:
6
This strategy fits well with the corporate vision to make Bury the place to
live, work, study and visit. In supporting the development of choice of
quality housing, this strategy will make a valuable contribution to Team
Bury's ambitions:
7
3.0 Defining Affordable Housing
There are many different types of affordable housing. For the purpose of
this strategy, we have adopted the Government’s definition of affordable
housing under the following categories:
8
4.0 Context
National
In many parts of the country, house prices have increased rapidly over
the years because the supply of housing has not kept up with demand.
This is mainly due to increased numbers of households caused by growth
in the population and an increase in the number of one person
households. Kate Barker’s review of housing supply in 2004 identified a
shortage of at least 40,000 new social rented dwellings per annum which,
under current legislation would need to be met by the private sector and
RSL’s.
The increase in house prices relative to incomes in recent years has been
marked. At the start of the decade there were areas where house prices
were very high but this was largely confined to London, the South East
and a few regional hot spots. By 2005 the position had changed
significantly and house prices had increased across the nation. There are
still many areas where house prices remain high despite the recession and
where, as a consequence, many people are finding it very difficult to buy a
home. Inflated house prices increases demand for more social rented and
intermediate housing.
9
Regional
Falling house prices and rising unemployment in recent years has affected
the delivery of new homes. Nevertheless, demand for affordable housing
has not subsided and the importance of housing’s role in tackling
exclusion remains high. The NWRHS provides a framework for the five
sub regions to shape their housing strategies to meet their objectives, by
utilising data from Strategic Housing Market Assessments.
Local
The next five years is likely to be a particularly challenging time for the
delivery of affordable housing in Bury. Whilst we need to build as many
homes as we can, we need to plan for the eventual upturn, most probably
against a background of reduced public expenditure.
The Bury Plan 2008 – 2011 sets out our corporate priority areas for
action. The Affordable Housing Strategy is a key delivery element of this
Plan and will help to contribute to the following priorities:
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• A Place to live in Greater Manchester - The AHS recognises the
importance of the provision of affordable housing for people on
lower incomes. The Affordable Housing Policy requires a quarter of
all properties on larger housing developments to be affordable.
11
Key Local Issues
House prices and affordability raise considerable challenges for all local
authorities and Bury is no exception. Between December 2000 and
December 2007 the average house price in Bury (based on sales and
valuations) rose from £60,000 to £155,000, a massive increase of 158%.
However, by March 2008 they started to fall as a result of the economic
downturn. Nevertheless the fall in house prices has been insufficient for
people on low incomes and it has become increasingly difficult for many
people, particularly first time buyers to find a home they can afford. The
graph below shows the average property price over time for all types of
housing in Bury.
12
The lower quartile price is currently £94,600 (based on sales and
valuations over the last three months - Feb 2010), compared to a regional
average of £97,500 (Hometrack, 2011). In terms of affordability based
on typical mortgage lending at 3.5 times joint income, households in Bury
would need an average income of £27,000 to get on the property ladder.
However, a large proportion of people living in the Borough currently earn
less than £27,000 and would not be able to purchase an average starter
home (see map in figure 1 below). This suggests that there is a
considerable need for intermediate affordable housing, particularly in the
townships of Bury, Radcliffe and Whitefield.
13
(Figure 1 - Median household incomes by postcode).
14
Average House Prices to Earning Ratio (Hometrack Data Sources Jun
2010)
For a single person in full time employment the average price for all house
types to earnings ratio in Bury is currently 4.9:1, based on data from the
latest Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings and sales and valuations over
the last 12 months. The regional house price to earnings is 5.7:1. Even
for cheaper housing in Bury the price to earnings ratio is currently 4:1
compared to a regional average of 5.3:1.
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Table 1 Comparative Housing Costs by Tenure (per week)
Tenure
Township Intermediate
Social Private Owner-
Affordable
Rent Rent Occupation
Housing
Bury
1 bedroom £49 £74 £98 (£144)
2 bedrooms £57 £83 £110 £144
3 bedrooms £66 £99 £133 £198
4 bedrooms £76 £190 - £304
Prestwich
1 bedroom £49 £82 £115 (£190)
2 bedrooms £57 £95 £133 £190
3 bedrooms £66 £108 £150 £236
4 bedrooms £76 £228 - £380
Radcliffe
1 bedroom £49 £74 £98 (£141)
2 bedrooms £57 £83 £110 £141
3 bedrooms £66 £99 £133 £182
4 bedrooms £76 £190 - £304
Ramsbottom
1 bedroom £49 £82 (£114) (£190)
2 bedrooms £57 £86 £114 £190
3 bedrooms £66 £102 £138 £228
4 bedrooms £76 £209 - £342
Tottington
1 bedroom £49 £74 (£114) (£190)
2 bedrooms £57 £83 £114 £190
3 bedrooms £66 £99 £138 £220
4 bedrooms £76 £220 - £365
Whitefield
1 bedroom £49 £82 £115 (£175)
2 bedrooms £57 £95 £133 £175
3 bedrooms £66 £108 £150 £220
4 bedrooms £76 £228 - £380
Table 2 below illustrates entry level purchase prices for different sizes of
private accommodation in the Borough. The Bury and Radcliffe townships
have been identified as regeneration areas and, whilst the values of these
properties are significantly lower, they would still require an average 38%
1
In the owner-occupied sector costs have been estimated based on a repayment mortgage at an
interest rate of 5.75% (brackets denotes the cost of a two bedroom property, where information for
one bedroom properties was limited).
16
discount in order to reach the implied price of intermediate affordable
housing which is around £60,000 for a two bedroom property. The level
of discount required in the rest of the Borough is closer to 46% which is
extremely high (LHMA, 2008).
Prior to the recession, mortgage finance was easy to obtain and many first
time buyers were able to secure a mortgage without the need for a
deposit. However, since 2008, mortgage finance has been severely
impacted by the credit crunch, with mortgage lenders tightening lending
criteria in the wake of the recession. Although the number of first time
buyers remains relatively unchanged according to investors, many of the
best deals are only available to buyers who have a 25% deposit.
Furthermore, the recent fall in house prices means that many homes are
worth less than their mortgage value. Consequently those who want to
sell their first home and move up the property ladder are unable to do so,
which further restricts the supply of affordable housing (Money Facts
2010).
Falling house prices and the instability of the housing market has seen a
significant decline in the number of new homes being built. As a result,
the demand for social rented accommodation and intermediate affordable
housing has increased significantly.
17
Reduction of Social Housing through Right to Buy (RTB) and Right
to Acquire (RTA).
The graph below shows the number of properties sold through RTB since
1981.
To date, 4,735 properties have been sold out of 13,044 original Council
owned dwellings. On some estates in Prestwich and Tottington, more
than 75% of the original stock has been sold. In April 2005, the Council
transferred the management of the majority of their stock to an ALMO
(Arm’s Length Management Organisation) Six Town Housing. The
remaining properties (316 in total) are managed by Springs Tenant
Management Cooperative.
18
According to a Housing Association Stock Analysis Report in 2010, 17
housing associations currently operate within the Borough, providing
4,131 homes, a mix of supported housing, sheltered accommodation and
general needs properties.
Empty Properties.
2
A property is classed as being officially empty if it has been unoccupied for 6 months or over.
19
Key Issues:
• House prices and affordability.
• Lack of available mortgage finance.
• Reduction of social housing through the ‘Right to Buy’
and ‘Right to Acquire’ initiatives.
• Empty properties.
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5.0 Evidence of Need for Affordable Housing
The main findings from the assessment confirm public perceptions of the
market:
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The demographic profile of those in need of affordable housing is largely
due to two main factors affordability and vulnerability which can be
broken down into the following groups3:
Table 3 below shows that White British are the largest numerical group in
need but there are higher proportions of BME households compared to
population sizes.
3
Affordability problems occur when households cannot obtain adequate housing they can afford within
their local area because of insufficient income, high house prices and rents, or a combination of these
factors. A person is considered vulnerable if they experience prejudice or are in need of community
care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness.
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Table 3 – Affordable Housing Need by Ethnic Group
Need requirement
% of
Ethnic Total As a %
group h’hold
In need Not in need Number of of those
type in
h’holds in need
need
White
British 1,957 69,116 71,073 2.8% 83.0%
White Irish 7 1,520 1,527 0.5% 0.3%
White
Other 140 1,362 1,502 9.3% 5.9%
Asian 135 1,766 1,901 7.1% 5.7%
Other 119 1,378 1,497 8.0% 5.1%
Total 2,358 75,143 77,500 3.0% 100.0%
(Source: Bury LHMA 2008)
Many people with special needs have low incomes and often have difficulty
finding housing that is safe, affordable and permanent. They may also
require housing that is matched with accessible support services which is
often expensive. Therefore, we will work with our partners to encourage
the development of specialised housing and supported housing schemes,
to ensure that the housing needs of this group are met.
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Table 4 shows that special needs households, particularly those with a
disability are more likely to be in need of affordable housing than
households without special needs. Special needs households comprise
more than a quarter of the (total) need for affordable housing in Bury.
Need requirement
% of
Total As a % of
Not in h’hold
Special needs In need Number of those in
need type in
h’holds need
need
Special needs 640 14,914 15,554 4.1% 27.1%
No special
needs 1,718 60,228 61,946 2.8% 72.9%
TOTAL 2,358 75,143 77,500 3.0% 100.0%
Source: Bury LHMA 2008 (Combination of Data Sources)
The number of older people living in the UK is on the increase. The graph
below shows that between 1983 and 2008 the number of people over the
age of 65 increased from 15% to 16% (1.5 million people). During the
same period, the proportion of people aged 16 and under fell by 2%. In
2008 1.3 million people were 85 and older and this is expected to reach
3.2 million by 2033, accounting for 5% of the population.
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(Graph 2 - Mid-year population estimates, Source: ONS 2008)
On a local level, the table below shows that by 2021 the numbers of
people in Bury aged 50 and over will have increased significantly but,
more importantly, there will be a huge rise in the numbers of people aged
over 70.
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Jewish Housing Needs
The Jewish community represents one of the largest minority groups in
the Borough, accounting for 5% of the total population. Members of both
the Orthodox and non-Orthodox communities are found predominantly in
the Prestwich Township to the south of the Borough and Broughton Park
in Salford. This group is the largest Orthodox Jewish community outside
London (Census, 2001).
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While ensuring that we do not show any undue bias to meeting the needs
of any particular section of the community when making decisions
regarding the provision of affordable housing in the Prestwich area, we
will be mindful of the likely increased demand for larger properties.
The specific Jewish housing needs have been raised with the Council
through contact from community leaders, the Jewish Housing Association
and the Jewish Federation (formerly Heathlands). In addition, the Council
is in regular contact with colleagues in Salford and Manchester as the
community extends into these areas. The housing needs of this group will
also be considered in greater detail in a separate strategy for vulnerable
people currently being developed.
27
Bury has a population of 1,097 Gypsies and Travellers, some of whom
have taken up residence on a Gypsy and Traveller Caravan Site at Every
Street, Bury. There are 17 pitches, 10 of which are single and 7 are
double. The remainder tend to be living in the poorest quality housing as
alternative accommodation/land is often unaffordable. A Gypsy and
Travellers Accommodation Assessment (GTAA) was carried out by the
Association of Greater Manchester Authorities (AGMA) in 2008 to
determine the accommodation requirements for Gypsies and Travellers.
The assessment indicated an additional requirement of 40 pitches within
the Borough up to 2016.
Planning Policy and other Council Strategies will need to consider the
accommodation needs of these communities.
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Looking at affordable housing in terms of tenure and size, around 60% of
all demand is for owner occupation (which could include discount market
housing). A further 22% is for intermediate housing which includes
shared ownership and social rented accommodation as illustrated in Table
7 below.
Size requirement
4
Households are tested against the prices and rents in the area in which they currently live.
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Key Issues
• Shortage of sheltered accommodation and supported
housing across the borough.
• Requirement for enhanced homeless prevention services
to help people at risk of homelessness.
• Shortage of larger homes for BME and OJ communities.
• Shortage of pitches for Gypsies, Travellers and Travelling
Showpeople.
30
6.0 Deliverability - How Demand Will Be Met
The need for more affordable housing is a nationwide concern and a key
priority for Bury Council. According to the Barker review of housing
supply in 2004, the number of households across the UK increased by 5
million between 1971 and 2001 due to natural population growth and
social change such as inward migration and people living longer. Although
developers have continued to build new homes, they have not been able
to build enough to keep up with demand5.
The Affordable Housing Strategy will help us to make best use of the
opportunities that are becoming available and will also help us to plan for
affordable housing delivery in the longer term. A five year action plan has
been developed to reflect our goals and this will be reviewed annually by
the Housing Strategy & Enablement team in conjunction with the Council’s
Planning Department.
5
Kate Barker’s review of housing supply, 2004.
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We will seek to deliver affordable homes through:
• Partnership Working.
• Use of Communal Assets.
• Government Initiatives.
• Urban Renewal.
• Planning.
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We also recognise that there are 17 housing associations with stock in the
Borough. As not for profit organisations, they can access private finance
to develop a range of affordable housing types. Organisations such as
Clough Homes (a recently established subsidiary of Prestwich & North
Western Housing Association) are seeking to develop new housing through
their own, non-grant funded initiatives. The Council will continue to
maintain strong relationships with such organisations individually and
collectively through the Housing Association Liaison Group.
HomeBuy Direct
HomeBuy Direct is the latest HomeBuy
product which is offered on selected new
build schemes, following an assessment
of bids from developers supported by the
Council. HomeBuy Direct is partly funded
by the Government and partly funded by
the developer in the form of an equity
loan. As a result, applicants would only require a 5% deposit for
mortgage purposes, compared to a 25% deposit if they were buying the
property privately.
33
Bury Council is working in partnership with Plumlife (part of Great Places
Housing Group) to promote the scheme to Bury residents and facilitate
occupation of the new dwellings. Since the start of the scheme in 2008,
12 Bury residents have purchased a home through HomeBuy Direct.
Kickstart
The Kickstart Housing Delivery Programme was announced in the 2009
Budget, to unlock sites which had stalled owing to the recession. The
package includes funding for HomeBuy Direct and affordable housing
grant in mixed tenure housing developments.
34
Government Mortgage Rescue Scheme
In September 2008, the Government announced a national £200m
Mortgage Rescue Scheme, designed to prevent vulnerable families losing
their homes through repossession. The scheme has been extremely
successful and additional funding of £180 million was allocated in March
2011 to boost funds.
The Council is working in partnership with Plumlife and the Citizens Advice
Bureau in Radcliffe to facilitate the scheme.
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Delivering Affordable Housing through Planning.
Bury’s Unitary Development Plan (UDP) was adopted in 1997 and remains
the statutory Local Development Plan which is used for assessing planning
applications. The UDP contains a number of local planning policies
including Policy H4/1: Affordable Housing, which seeks to encourage the
provision of affordable housing on large residential developments.
Development Control Policy Guidance Note 5: Affordable Housing
Provision in New Residential Developments (DCPGN5) was adopted in
January 2004 to support Policy H4/1. The guidance contains the key
elements of how affordable housing is implemented locally6.
• the type and size of the affordable housing units should reflect the
types and sizes that are generally being provided across the site
(e.g. the Council will not accept smaller house types as making up
the provision if the reminder of the site is larger house types);
• the Council retains 100% nomination rights on all affordable
housing units that are secured through Section 106 Agreements.
6
A copy of the DCPGN5 can be found on the Council’s website – www.bury.gov.uk
36
To date, 214 affordable housing units have been secured through the
planning process under Section 106 Agreements (see Local Policy
Achievements in Appendix 3). 96 are complete (14 on hold) and the
majority of these (80%) are occupied by households who would not have
been able to afford to occupy them otherwise. The remaining units are
currently available to applicants on the Affordable Housing Scheme. A
further 104 units are likely to come forward on sites that are currently
under construction or have an extant planning permission over the next 2
– 3 years. This will go some way towards meeting our target for
affordable housing in the Borough.
There are also a number of sites that have secured outline planning
consent. This means that the principle of residential development on
these sites has been established but the details (e.g. house numbers,
layout and design) have yet to be determined. Some of these sites are
large sites which have the potential to deliver a significant amount of
housing, including affordable housing. They include sites like the East
Lancashire Paper Mill, which could deliver up to 550 units and the Coney
Green School site, which could potentially deliver up to 330 units.
Commuted Sums
The legal obligation that secures affordable housing on a particular site
(normally a Section 106 Agreement) seeks to ensure that the affordable
housing units remain affordable in perpetuity. For example, households
purchasing an affordable housing unit with a 25% discount off the Open
Market Value (OMV) will have to sell the property with the same level of
discount at the point of sale. However, if an affordable housing unit is not
sold within ten weeks of completion, the developer may sell the property
on the open market and pay a ‘commuted sum’ to the Council equivalent
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to 25% of the value. The Council has accumulated £477,084.50 in
commuted sum payments since the introduction of the Affordable Housing
Policy in 2004.
Commuted sum payments are ring fenced for affordable housing provision
in the Borough. They can be used for initiatives that support the delivery
of affordable housing in accordance with the priorities set out in our
Housing Strategy, the Affordable Housing Strategy and other key
strategies such as the Empty Property Strategy and Older Person’s
Strategy.
Implementation
The Council has developed an ‘Affordable Housing Scheme’ to facilitate the
provision of intermediate affordable housing to individuals and families
whose needs are not met by the private housing market. Details of the
scheme (including the eligibility criteria) can be found in Appendix 4 of
this strategy.
Economic Viability
One of the new key elements contained in PPS3 is the requirement that
local targets for affordable housing should ‘reflect an assessment of the
likely economic viability of land for housing within the area, taking into
account the risks to delivery and drawing on informed assessments of the
likely levels of finance available for affordable housing, including public
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subsidy and the level of developer contribution that can be reasonably
secured’.
39
• the target for social rented and intermediate affordable housing
should be split equally (50% each) as social rented housing has
more of an impact on viability issues7; and
• any policy approach must continue to ensure an element of
flexibility as no two sites are the same and there will be different
viability issues on different sites. The onus is on an applicant to
demonstrate why the above targets cannot be delivered in their
scheme.
These targets will be reflected in the emerging LDF.
Key issues:
• Reduction in funding.
• Decline in the number of new homes being built.
• Emerging new Affordable Housing Policy.
• Economic viability.
• Empty properties.
• Preventing repossessions.
7
As part of the AHVS, LSH consulted with housing associations operating within the Borough. The
aim of the consultation was to establish the amount they could afford to pay for social rented and
intermediate housing through Planning. They suggested that they could afford to pay no more than
35% of open market value for social rented accommodation and no more than 67% of open market
value for intermediate housing.
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7.0 Resources
The Council will continue to seek to maximise resources for the provision
of new affordable housing in the borough. Affordable housing units have
previously been provided through a mix of National Affordable Housing
Programme (NAHP) grant from the Homes & Communities Agency (HCA),
Section 106 agreements in conjunction with private developers, excellent
relations with social landlords forming Bury’s Joint Commissioning
Partnership (JCP) and through the use of Council owned land and
borrowing ability.
NAHP Grant
Bury has developed excellent relationships with officers from the HCA over
the last few years, raising awareness on a regional level of the importance
of affordable housing investment in the borough. After a period where
virtually no external funding was forthcoming, the last three years have
seen a return to levels of external investment which are close to those
observed in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The flagship scheme
attracting NAHP funding in recent years, is the £2.9m allocation for the
development of a 40-unit extra care scheme on the site of the former
residential care home, Red Bank in Radcliffe.
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regionally-focussed funding allocations system, it is unlikely that Bury will
attract significant levels of external investment in the short to medium
term unless we are able to produce schemes that meet sub regional
housing priorities.
Council Assets
Bury will continue to review the best use of its own assets including
commuted sum payments provided by developers through Section 106
Agreements. In recent years, unlettable and derelict housing schemes
have been decommissioned and redeveloped, and the future of sheltered
housing and Council owned garage sites are currently being reviewed.
Whatever the means of providing affordable housing in the future, a
mixture of these options is a certainty. Bury needs to be creative and
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open to all new delivery options if it is going to be able to discharge its
duties to people in the greatest housing need.
Key Challenges/Risk
The number of new homes being built has slumped to its lowest level
since the Second World War with just 123,000 built nationally in
2009/2010. Demand for affordable housing has risen sharply and the
number of people on housing waiting lists has almost doubled over the
last 13 years.
Flexible Tenancies
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Affordable Rent
The Government has set a target to build 150,000 new social rented
homes over the next four years. The homes will be funded through a new
‘Affordable Rent’ tenancy which will be offered by Registered Social
Landlords from April 2011. Affordable Rent properties offer fixed term
tenancies at a rent higher than social rent, with landlords able to set rents
at up to 80% of the local market rent for private housing. This will enable
them to raise funds to build more affordable homes for those who need
them. However, the new scheme has the potential to create significant
growth in Housing Benefits at a time when welfare reform is underway.
Any policy would need to be applied sensitively to avoid an increase the
number of empty homes in the Borough and an increase in rent arrears
due to higher rents.
Investment of just under £1 billion has been set aside for a new Homes
Bonus Scheme which will start in April 2011. Under the new scheme, the
Government will match fund the Council Tax raised on every new home
built or empty property brought back into use for a period of six years, to
incentivise development. An additional amount will be given for any new
affordable homes built. Nevertheless, the launch of the new Homes Bonus
Scheme itself is unlikely to match reductions already made to the NAHP.
44
8.0 Monitoring the Strategy
We will continue to take forward the aims and objectives of this strategy
and monitor progress. We will update the strategy at least every five
years, taking account of any review of the Borough’s housing needs,
changes in legislation and the priorities within our Housing Strategy.
45
9.0 Glossary of Terms
Affordable Housing.
Housing which is available for either rent or shared ownership at below
market levels or, housing which is available for either rent or sale at a
discount compared to open market value.
Barker Review.
Dr Kate Barker’s review of housing supply commissioned by H.M. Treasury
and the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) in 2004.
Dwelling
A self-contained unit of accommodation, where all rooms and facilities
available for the use of the occupants are behind a front door.
Household
One person living alone or a group of people who share common
housekeeping or a living room.
46
Shared Equity
A means of helping people into home ownership. The buyer purchases a
share of their home with the remaining share being held by another party,
for example a housing association.
Social Housing
A general term for rented accommodation which is usually provided by
local authorities and housing associations.
Tenure
The way in which a person occupies their home, for instance as a freehold
or leasehold owner-occupier, or as a private or social tenant.
47
10.0 Appendices
Appendix 1 - Documents informing this strategy
48
Appendix 2 - Local Achievements through Partnership Working
49
Appendix 3
50
Brandlesholme off OMV. All units
Road, Bury. complete.
Hutchinson Way, 70 18 (25%) Units to have 25%
Radcliffe. discount off OMV. Site
yet to commence.
School Street, 28 7 (25%) Units to have 25%
Radcliffe. discount off OMV. Under
construction.
North Street, 36 9 (25%) Units to have 25%
Radcliffe. discount off OMV. Site
yet to commence.
Albert Place, 15 4 (45%) Units to have 30% off
Whitefield. OMV. Site under
construction.
Dil Se 15 4 (25%) Units to have 25% off
Restaurant, OMV. Site yet to
Bury. commence.
School St/Sion 22 6 (25%) Units to have 25%
Street, Radcliffe. discount off OMV. Site
yet to commence.
Total 919 214
(23.3%)
(Table 3: Source – Planning: Annual Housing Land Monitoring Report, June 2010).
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Appendix 4 – Affordable Housing Scheme Details.
52