GERMAN ATV RULES AND STANDARDS

W A S T E W A T E R - W A S T E

ADVISORY LEAFLET
ATV-M 143E

Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and Replacement

of Sewers and Drains
Part 6: Leak Testing of Existing, Earth Covered Sewers and Drains and
Shafts Using Water, Air Overpressure and Vacuum

June 1998

ISBN 3-934984-43-6

Marketing:
Gesellschaft zur Förderung der
Abwassertechnik e.V. (GFA)
Theodor-Heuß-Allee 17
D-53773 Hennef
Postfach 11 65, 53758 Hennef
 ATV-M 143E, Part 6

The ATV Working Group 1.5.4 "Rehabilitation and Renewal of Drains and Sewers",
which has prepared this Advisory Leaflet, has the following members:

Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. D. Stein, Bochum (Chairman)

Dipl.-Ing. H. Adler, Köln
Dr.-Ing. H. Beyert, Aachen
Dipl.-Ing. D. Blome, Bielefeld
Dipl.-Ing. H. Brochier, München
Dipl.-Ing. B. Chwastek, Witten
Dr.-Ing. P. Drewniok, Leipzig
Dipl.-Ing. W. Dürbeck, Ludwigshafen
Dipl.-Ing. Fischer, Bonn
Dipl.-Ing. K.-H. Flick, Köln
Dipl.-Ing. V. Holzhausen, Frankfurt/Main
Dipl.-Ing. F. Hoppe, Hamburg
Dipl.-Ing. H.-J. John, Hamburg
Dipl.-Ing. G. Koch, Stuttgart
Dipl.-Ing. U. Kusche, Vreden
Dipl.-Kfm. H. Müller, Schieder-Schwalenberg
Dipl.-Ing. G. Niedrée, Bonn
Dipl.-Ing. W. Reinhard, Darmstadt
Dipl.-Ing. U. Schulz, Brüggen
Dipl.-Ing. R. Siebert, Oststeinbek
Prof. Dr.-Ing. V. Wagner, Neubrandenburg

Collaborated as guests:
Dr.-Ing. O. Kaufmann, Bochum
Dipl.-Ing. (FH) H. Loy, München

All rights, in particular those of translation into other languages, are reserved. No part of this Advisory
Leaflet may be reproduced in any form by photocopy, microfilm or any other process or transferred or
translated into a language usable in machines, in particular data processing machines, without the written
approval of the publisher.

 Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Abwassertechnik e.V. (GFA), Hennef 1998

Produced by: J. F. CARTHAUS, Bonn

Contents

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
Notes for users 4
1. Preamble 4
2. Area of application 4
3. Preparatory measures 5
3.1 Planning documents 5
3.2 Accessibility 5
3.3 Cleaning 5
3.4 Verification of the tightness of the test facility 5
3.5 Safety of the receiving water 5
3.6 Protective measures 5
3.7 Traffic regulation 5
3.8 TV surveillance 5
4. Requirements on the equipment to be employed 6
4.1 Equipment 6
4.2 Air overpressure and vacuum testing 6
4.2.1 Shut-off elements 6
4.2.2 Compressor or vacuum pump 7
4.2.3 Charging device 7
4.2.4 Pressure measurement device 7
4.3 Water pressure test 7
4.3.1 Shut-off elements 7
4.3.2 Gravity tank 7
5. Execution of leak testing 7
5.1 Installation of shut-off elements 8
5.2 Leak testing using air 8
5.2.1 Testing using overpressure 8
5.2.2 Testing using vacuum 9
5.3 Leak testing using water 9
5.4 Removal of the shut-off elements 9
6. Requirements on the personnel employed 9
7. Documentation 9
7.1 General 9
7.2 Test record 10
8. Tightness criteria 10
8.1 Tightness criteria for the leak test by reach or section 10
8.1.1 Water pressure testing 10
8.1.2 Air overpressure testing 11
8.1.3 Vacuum pressure testing 11
8.1.4 Requisite test times for air overpressure and vacuum testing 11
8.2 Tightness criteria with the testing of pipe connections
(sleeve testing) using air overpressure 11
8.3 Shaft/chamber testing 12
Appendix 1: Model record of leak testing by reach 13
Appendix 2: Sample record of sleeve testing 14
Appendix 3: Illustrative determination of the requisite test times
with sleeve testing 15
Literature 16

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6

Notes for Users

This ATV Standard is the result of honorary, technical-scientific/economic collaboration
which has been achieved in accordance with the principles applicable for this (statutes,
rules of procedure of the ATV and ATV Standard ATV-A 400). For this, according to
precedents, there exists an actual presumption that it is textually and technically correct
and also generally recognised.
The application of this Standard is open to everyone. However, an obligation for
application can arise from legal or administrative regulations, a contract or other legal
reason.
This Standard is an important, however, not the sole source of information for correct
solutions. With its application no one avoids responsibility for his own action or for the
correct application in specific cases; this applies in particular for the correct handling of
the margins described in the Standard.

1. Preamble
The assessment of the condition of drains and sewers, and of possible hazard potential
due to damage, also demands the verification of tightness. Optical inspection (for this
see ATV Advisory Leaflet M-143, Part 2 [1] can provide such information to a limited
degree only. Thus visible damage does not always imply unsatisfactory tightness. On the
other hand, leakage points, in particular in the area of pipe connections, are barely
identifiable visibly.

For the leak testing of newly produced or rehabilitated drains and sewers there are
standardised regulations available (e.g. DIN 1986, Part 1 (06/88) [2], DIN EN 752, Part 5
[3] or DIN EN 1610 [4]).

Nevertheless, leak tests on existing drains and sewers, beyond optical inspection, are
required both in water laws and wastewater self monitoring regulations of individual
German Federal States as well as in the ATV Standard A-142 [5].

This Advisory Leaflet lays down requirements for leak tests as repeat testing on existing
earth covered drains and sewers and shafts using water and air as test medium.

2. Area of Application
This Advisory Leaflet, together with the Advisory Leaflets ATV M-143, Part 1 [6] and Part
2 [1], applies for the leak testing of existing drains and sewers, including shafts, operated
as gravity pipelines.

Leak tests must be carried out on drains and sewers in water catchment areas and on
such on which appropriate requirements in laws or surveillance regulations of the
German Federal Republic, German Federal States and communities are placed.

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6

3. Preparatory Measures
3.1 Planning Documents
Sufficient planning documents are to be made available for the execution of leak testing.
From these the following must be particularly visible:

• site of application,
• position, type, scope and regulatory characteristics (e.g. reach and/or shaft numbers)
of the object to be tested,
• possibilities for entry and escape.
Attention is to be drawn to particular hazards, e.g. danger of collapse, sewer
atmosphere, wastewater composition, pump surges.

3.2 Accessibility
The accessibility of the entrances is to be checked and secured for the duration of the
testing.

3.3 Cleaning
The test object must be cleaned in order to facilitate the secure positioning of the shut-off
elements and the problem-free execution of the leak testing. With this the cleaning of the
contact surfaces between the shut-off element and the sewer wall is particularly
significant.

3.4 Verification of the Tightness of the Test Facility

Before carrying out the leak test the tightness of the test facility must be verified and
recorded.

3.5 Security of the Receiving Waters

The test object must be free of wastewater for the duration of the leak test. This can, for
example, be achieved by diversion, temporary backing-up or by pump over. Wit pint tests
(sleeve tests) the employment of equipment with a passage of a limited wastewater flow
can be permitted.

3.6 Protective Measures

Appropriate measures are to be taken for the determination and avoidance of a
potentially explosive atmosphere in the test object.

3.7 Traffic Regulation

Suitable measures are to be taken, in agreement with the road traffic authorities, for the
regulation, safeguarding and stoppage of traffic.

3.8 TV Surveillance
With sleeve testing and leak tests by section (e.g. between two connections) in non-man-
accessible drains and sewers the exact positioning of the shut-off elements must take
place under TV surveillance.

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6

4. Requirements on the Equipment to be Employed

4.1 Equipment

The following equipment is required for the execution of leak tests using air overpressure
or vacuum:

• shut-off elements,
• compressor, condenser or vacuum pump,
• charging device incl. pressure reduction valve and/or electronic pressure cut-off,
• pressure measurement device,
• facility for recording and archiving measurement data.
To carry out water pressure testing a

• gravity tank
is necessary.

All items of equipment must conform with regulations in accordance with VDE and DIN
as well as with the (German) Accident Prevention Regulations (UVV).

4.2 Air Overpressure and Vacuum Testing

4.2.1 Shut-off Elements
Shut-off elements must be robust and employed in accordance with the area of
application. They are to be marked by the manufacturer with a permanent type plate on
which the following details must be clearly legible:

• manufacturer, type, year of manufacture,

• closable pipe diameter or pipe diameter range,
• maximum operating pressure (charging pressure),
• maximum permitted test pressure dependent on the test medium employed,
• permitted test medium.

The equipment is to be stored carefully, protected from damage and maintained

regularly. A record is to be kept of the maintenance tasks carried out. The monitoring of
the equipment for its employment in accordance with its intended use must be possible
by the construction management. The shut-off elements are to be provided with a clear
operating instruction which must be visible on the site. Shut-off elements with test marks
(e.g. ET for Eurotest) are to be checked by an independent test centre for work safety.

The sealing function in the contact area between the pipe walls and the shut-off elements
must remain safely maintained for every test pressure and with every test medium used
(water, air overpressure or vacuum).

Special sleeve testing equipment is to be used for sleeve tests. With the employment of
combined test and injection packers, which, for example, are applied to correct locally
limited leakages, the requirements of sleeve test equipment must suffice for the leak
testing. The suitability of the combined test and injection packer as well as the tightness
criteria (see Sect. 8.2) are to be verified.

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
4.2.2 Compressor or Vacuum pump
The necessary test pressure can be produced by a commercial, sufficiently dimensioned
compressor or an appropriate vacuum pump.

4.2.3 Charging Device

The charging device must consist of a safety valve, manometer to monitor the pressure,
pressure regulator and charging hose. On achieving the test pressure the connection of
the test space to the pressure tank or to the pump is to be disconnected. Pressure
reduction valves and pressure controls are to be integrated into the charger together with
a safety switch (e.g. a dead man's switch), in order to prevent exceeding the test
pressure.

4.2.4 Pressure Measurement Device

A high-resolution, electronic precision manometer (e.g. absolute pressure manometer)
with a maximum measurement deviation of ± 2 mbar is to be used. Each piece of
equipment is to be checked metrologically each year. The result of this test is to be
documented on the equipment.

4.3 Water Pressure Test

4.3.1 Shut-off Elements

With regard to the shut-off elements the details of Sect. 4.2.1. apply analogously.

With the water pressure test the test object is to be filled from the lowest point of the
pipeline. A ventilation opening, which has at least the same cross-section as the charging
pipeline, is to be located on the shut-off element at the high point of the pipeline.

4.3.2 Gravity Tank

With a water pressure test the test object may have no connection to a pipeline or pump
subjected to overpressure. The filling with water and the achievement of the required test
pressure are to take place via a gravity tank.

5 Execution of the Leak Test

The leak test can be carried out by reach, i.e. from shaft to shaft, by section (e.g.
between two laterals) or at a point on individual pipe connections. A test counts as
successful if the test criteria in Sect. 8 are met.

He leak test can be carried alternatively using water or air. As the test using air is
significantly quicker to carry out, this is preferably to be used. If doubt exists about the
result of the air test then a water pressure test is to be carried out whose result is then
relevant.

With regard to the security measures which are fundamentally to be carried out, attention
is drawn to the relevant security directives of the Trade Association and of the Federation
of German Communal Accident Insurers (BAGUV), inter alia to:

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
• German Accident Prevention Regulations (UVV) "General Regulations" (VBG 1) [7]
• German Accident Prevention Regulations (UVV) "Construction Work" (VBG 37 [8]
• German Accident Prevention Regulations (UVV) "Technical Wastewater Systems"
(GUV 7.4) [9]
• German Safety Regulations for Pipe Construction (ZH 1/559) [10]
• German Safety Regulations for Work in Enclosed Spaces of Technical Wastewater
Systems (ZH 1/177) [11]

Special instructions for the execution of leak testing using air as the test medium are in
preparation. Once in force these also are to be observed.

5.1 Installation of Shut-off Elements

Operating instructions are to be observed with the installation of shut-off elements.

The insertion of the shut-off elements into the pipe may, in the first place, take place only
in so far as they fit securely fullface. The firm seating is prerequisite for the subsequent
positive security against accidental change of position within the pipeline to be tested.

After ensuring security the site of the installation is to be evacuated and the charging of
the shut-off elements with the predetermined filling pressure from outside the shaft or
pipeline is to be carried out. Charging may be with compressed air only.

5.2. Leak Testing Using Air

Leak testing using air is to be classified as hazardous work based on § 36 (1) of the UVV
"General Regulations" (VBG 1). With this the following minimum requirements apply:

• the leak testing may not be carried out by only one person
• suitable persons are to be tasked who are familiar with the hazards associated with
the test and
• a supervisor is to be appointed.

5.2.1 Testing Using Overpressure

The pressurisation of the reach to be tested, of the section or of the pipe connection with
non-man-accessible drains and sewers as well as the monitoring and release of the test
pressure must take place from the ground surface without hazard. An exceeding of the
test pressure is to be excluded in that this

• is monitored via a manometer and

• is limited to the predetermined value by a mechanically operated safety valve or
electronic pressure switch.

From the start of the pressurisation in the test space with leak testing by reach or
section, work is not permitted in the pipeline or shaft for the duration of the test. During
this time no one may remain in front of the shut-off elements and their hazardous zone.

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
5.2.2 Test Using Vacuum
The determinations from Sect 5.2.1 apply analogously to the same extent with testing
using vacuum.

5.3 Leak Testing Using Water

The pipeline to be tested is to be so filled with water that the enclosed air can escape at
the shut-off element installed at the high point and thus a hazarding or erroneous
measurement due to compressed trapped air is avoided. From the start of the
pressurisation in the test space with leak testing by reach or section, work is not
permitted in the pipeline or shaft for the duration of the test.

5.4 Removal of the Shut-off Elements

Removal of the shut-off elements may only begin after the overpressure or vacuum in the
test space has been completely removed or the test water has been completely drained
off.

Both the pressure balancing in the test space or the draining off of the test water and the
release of pressure from the shut-off elements are to take place from a secure location
outside the shaft or reach.

6 Requirements on the Personnel Employed

Leak tests are to be carried out only by specialists who have proved their ability and the
suitability of the equipment used. The responsible personnel employed for the leak test
are to possess constructional, operational and material expertise for drains and sewers
and at least one year's practical experience. A certificate of competence is to be
furnished.

7 Documentation
7.1 General

The result of the leak test is to be documented on site, precisely and comprehensively in
a test record. Documentation includes:

• details on the test object,

• test specifications and
• measurement values and measurement diagrams with a clear test note.

The employment of electronic data processing in addition to the test record to be

produced on site offers itself in order to ensure an optimum and economic further
processing of the data.

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
7.2 Test Record
The test record is to be produced separately for each test. In detail it must contain:

• customer, contractor, if required project leader, equipment operator, test location, date
and time, road name, reach number and/or the designations of the shafts delimiting
the reach;

• status data on the object to be tested, such as, for example, the type of object (leak
testing by reach or section, or sleeve test). Nominal width, cross-sectional dimensions,
test length, material, type of sewer, year of construction, zero point of longitudinal
measurement, groundwater level;

• details on test specifications, test pressure, test time, settling time, permitted pressure
difference or permitted water charging;

• details on the measurement result: measured pressure difference or water charging;

• measurement diagrams with an air overpressure or vacuum test: graphical

representation of the pressure run over the test time with details of the required test
pressure, the permitted pressure difference, the start and end of the necessary settling
time as well as the start and end of the test time;

• test note on the result of the leak test with the signature of the parties involved.

The test records are to be given a serial number and are to be archived systematically.

Examples of the layout of the test record are contained in Appendices 1 and 2.

8 Tightness Criteria
With groundwater present the test pressure per meter groundwater above the pipe sole
is to be increased by 100 mbar to a maximum of 200 mbar. If, during the test, the
groundwater level lies above the pipe crown an infiltration test which, however, is not part
of this Advisory Leaflet, can be carried out.

8.1 Tightness Criteria of the Leak Test by Reach or Section

8.1.1 Water Pressure Test
Test pressure: 50 mbar (50 cm) above the pipe crown at the highest point of the
test object
Water charging generally 0.2 l/m2 wetted pipe surface
Test time: 15 minutes.

With regular operational water levels of more than 50 cm above the pipe crown the water
level is relevant. The maximum permitted test pressure at the lowest point of the object
to be tested is 0.5 bar.

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
8.1.2 Air Overpressure Test

Test pressure. P = 100 mbar

Permitted pressure difference ∆p = 15 mbar
Necessary test time. t according to Table 1
Settling time: tS = 10 di in [min], with
di = diameter in [m]

8.1.3 Vacuum Test

Test pressure. P = 100 mbar

Permitted pressure difference ∆p = 12 mbar
Necessary test time. t according to Table 1
Settling time: tS = 10 di in [min], with
di = diameter in [m]

8.1.4 Required Test Times for Air overpressure and Vacuum Testing

The necessary test times of the air overpressure (see Sect. 8.1.2) and the vacuum tests
for nominal widths ≤ DN 1200, presented in Table 1, result from the following
relationship:

10 di [m] = test time in [min].

Intermediate values can be interpolated. The necessary test times [min] for larger
nominal widths (> DN 1200) or other cross-sectional shapes, which are not presented in
Table 1, can be calculated according to Equation 1:

t = 5.61⋅ 2 ⋅ di 3 + di 2 [min] (1)

whereby the diameter di in [m] is to be applied. For special profiles, e.g. oval sections, an
alternative diameter dE according to Equation 2 can be calculated:

Cross − sec tional area

dE = 4 ⋅ [m] (2)
Circumference

Table 1: Necessary test times (min) with the tightness testing by sewer section and/or
sections of sewer using air overpressure or vacuum.

Nominal width 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
DN

Test time [min] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

8.2 Tightness Criteria with the Testing of Pipe Connections (Sleeve Test)
Using Air Overpressure

Sleeve tests in non-man-accessible drains and sewers must be carried out under camera
observation.

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
As almost all sleeve testing equipments have different test volumes, which are limited by
the pipe walls, and possibly by the core piece and the shut-off elements of the sleeve
test equipment, it is not possible to define generally valid tightness criteria for the testing
of individual pipe connections.

To determine the necessary test times, the test volume of the sleeve test equipment
used, including the feed hoses, in the case that these have a connection with the test
space during the test, as well as the volume of the pipe connection1) must be determined.
Furthermore, the area of the pipe wall between the shut-off elements must be known.

Sleeve test equipments whose air feed hoses have no connection with the test space
during the teats are to be preferred.

Test pressure. P = 100 mbar

Permitted pressure difference ∆p = 15 mbar
Necessary test time. t according to Eqn. 3
Settling time: tS = 15 s.

VTest volume
t = 1800 ⋅ di + 0.5 ⋅ [ s] (3)
APipe wall

A sample calculation of the test times can be found in Appx. 3.

8.3 Shaft/Chamber Testing

The leak testing of shafts/chambers is preferably to be carried out as a water pressure
test. The test object is filled with water to 0.5 m above the pipe crown of the connecting
drains and sewers. Within the test time of 15 minutes the required water input to maintain
the test pressure may not exceed 0.4 l/m2 of the wetted shaft/chamber wall (incl. the
bottom of the shaft/chamber).

_________________
1)
In general, with non-man-accessible drains and sewers, the determination of the volume of the pipe connection can be dispensed
with.

Appendix 1: Model record of leak testing by reach

Test Record Serial No._____________

Leak testing by reach or section using air

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6

Customer.____________________________ Date: ________________________________

Project management:___________________
Customer:____________________________
Equipment operator:____________________
Location: _____________________________
Street: _______________________________
Reach No.: ___________________________
Shaft designation: Shaft 1:_______________
Shaft 2:_______________

Details on test object Test details Measurement results

Diameter:______________[m] Test specifications:_________ Measured pressure difference:
Cross-section: Height: ____[m] Test pressure:________[mbar] ___________________[mbar]
Width: ____[m] Test time: ___________[min]
Groundwater level: ______[m] Settling time:_________[min]
Test length: ____________[m] Perm. pres. diff.:______[mbar]
Material:_________________
Type of sewer:____________
Year of construction:_______
Origin of linear measurement: __________________________
Length/position of test space: __________________________

Test note:______________________________
Equipment operator: Project management: Customer:
________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Appendix 2: Model record for sleeve testing

Test Record Serial No._____________

Sleeve test using air overpressure

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6

Customer.____________________________ Date: ________________________________

Project management:___________________
Customer:____________________________
Equipment operator:____________________
Location: _____________________________
Street: _______________________________
Reach No.: ___________________________
Shaft designation: Shaft 1:_______________
Shaft 2:_______________

Details on test object Test details Length details

Diameter:______________[m] Test specifications:_________ Origin of linear measurement:
Cross-section: Height: ____[m] Test pressure:________[mbar] ________________________
Width: ____[m] Test time: ___________[min] Sleeve No.:_______________
Groundwater level: ______[m] Settling time:_________[min] Position of sleeve:_______[m]
Material:_________________ Perm. pres. diff.:______[mbar]
Type of sewer:____________ Equipment parameters
Year of construction:_______ Equipment type:___________
Equipment No.:____________
Test volume:___________[m3]
Pipe wall area: _________[m2]

Test note:______________________________
Equipment operator: Project management: Customer:
________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Appendix 3: Illustrative determination of the requisite test times with sleeve

testing

The test volumes and test times calculated as an example, which are presented in Table
2, result under the following assumptions:

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
• A special packer is used for each nominal width.
• The diameter of the core of the packer is always 10 cm smaller than the nominal width
of the tested sewer (DN/1000-0.1 [m]).
• The test length, i.e. the separation between the shut-off elements , is 20 cm.
• The length of the hose carrying the air, with a diameter of 1 cm, is 150 m.
• The volume of the pipe connections and the volume of the shut-off elements are
ignored in this example.

Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the test space (marked by cross hatching) -

the sketch is not to scale

VTest volume
t = 1800 ⋅ d + 0.5 ⋅ [s].
APipe wall

Table 2: Tests volumes [m3] of sleeve test equipments and the therefrom resultant
test times calculated as an example
Nominal width DN 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Volume, test space [m3] 0.005 0.008 0.011 0.014 0.017 0.020 0.024
Volume, hose [m3] 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012
Test volume [m3] 0.017 0.020 0.023 0.026 0.029 0.032 0.036
Pipe wall area [m2] 0.126 0.188 0.251 0.314 0.377 0.440 0.503
Test time [s] 203 171 156 149 145 143 147

Literature
[1] ATV-M 143E: Inspection, Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Replacement of
Drains and Sewers; Part 2: Optical Inspection (06.91)

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 ATV-M 143E, Part 6
[2] DIN 1986: Entwässerungsanlagen für Gebäude und Grundstücke; Teil 30:
Instandhaltung [Drainage Systems for Buildings and Property,
Part 30: Repair] (01.95)

[3] DIN EN 752: Drain and Sewer Systems Outside Buildings

[4] DIN EN 1610: Verlegung und Prüfung von Abwasserleitungen und -kanälen
[Laying and Testing of Drains and Sewers] (10.97)

[5] ATV-A 142E: Sewers and Drains in Water Catchment Areas (10.92)

[6] ATV-M 143E Inspection, Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Replacement of

Drains and Sewers; Part 1: Optical Inspection, Maintenance,
Rehabilitation and Replacement of Drains and Sewers; Part 2:
Principles (12.89)

[7] UVV „Allgemeine Vorschriften“ ["General Regulations"] (VBG 1) (10.91)

[8] UVV „Bauarbeiten“ ["Construction Tasks"] (VBG 37) (04.77)

[9] UVV „Abwassertechnischeanlagen“ ["Technical Wastewater Systems"]

(GUV 7.4)

[10] Sicherheitsregeln für Rohrleitungsbauarbeiten [Safety Rules for Pipe

Construction] (ZH 1/559) (04.86)

[11] Sicherheitsregeln für Arbeiten in umschlossenen Räumen von

Abwassertechnischen Anlagen [Safety Rules for Work in Enclosed Spaces of
Technical Wastewater Systems] (ZH 1/177) (04.88)

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