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MEDI-CAPS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, INDORE: 453331.

Dept. of Electronics & Comm. Engg. Lab Session No. 4 Page No.
CMOS CIRCUIT DESIGN (EC-802) Enrol. No: Batch No.

Name
Performing on First Second Submission
Submission
Extra regular

Grade and Remarks by the Tutor


1. Clarity about the objective of the experiment
2. Clarity about the problem statement
3. Submitted the work in desired format
4. Shown capability to solve the problem
5. Contribution to the team work.
Others:

Grade A B C D F signature

EXPERIMENT NO. 4

DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER

AIM:

Design a Differential Amplifier using Tanner Tool.

OBJECTIVE:

To build a Differential Amplifier and understand how it works.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

1. After Simulation, if Differential Amplifier is not working there will be some fault in
circuit then correct that and again simulate and check.
2. If output is not correct, then check the commands, models files which we are
included.
MEDI-CAPS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, INDORE: 453331.
Dept. of Electronics & Comm. Engg. Lab Session No. 4 Page No.
CMOS CIRCUIT DESIGN (EC-802) Enrol. No: Batch No.

THEORY

DIFFERENTIAL NMOS Amplifier

A differential amplifier, also known as a long-tailed pair is a type of electronic


amplifier that multiplies the difference between two inputs by some constant factor (the
differential gain). The first configuration implemented was a pmos differential pair with
nmos load with a tail current source with each leg of the differential pair driving an nmos
driven common source amplifier. Extensive theoretical design analysis did not translate
into simulation success, and much difficultly was encountered in biasing the circuit
properly. The second and final approach was a folded cascade first stage with pmos
differential pair input driving an nmos driven common source with pmos load output
stage. The slew rate of the op-amp in this case is proportional to the overdrive of the
input stage, and for a given bias current a pmos will provide a greater overdrive.. This
eliminates the Miller effect and thus contributes to a much higher bandwidth One
possible circuit implementation of a Differential amplifier is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1.
MEDI-CAPS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, INDORE: 453331.
Dept. of Electronics & Comm. Engg. Lab Session No. 4 Page No.
CMOS CIRCUIT DESIGN (EC-802) Enrol. No: Batch No.

We use graphical analysis to understand the frequency operation of the Differential


amplifier.

Figure 2

The specifications required an output swing of ± 0.6 V for each output, which translates
to a 1.2 Vp-p single-ended output. To achieve this output swing, the common mode
output voltage was designed to be 0.9 V, so the output could swing up to 1.5 V and down
to 0.3 V. The folded cascode stage was designed to also have a common mode output
voltage of 0.9 V. To achieve this headroom, the total overdrive voltages for the bottom
two nmos and the top two nmos were designed to be 0.3 V, respectively. The common-
source output stage was added later, and was also designed to have a common mode
output voltage of 0.9 V. Fine tuning of the W/L ratios and the common mode input level
(set to 0.699 V) was needed to precisely set the 0.9 V voltage.the vertical axis we plot the
DC drain current Id and vary the DC input bias voltage as a parameter. The MOS
transistor is a square law device with a drain current that depends quadratically on the
gate-source voltage in the constant-current region.
Plot a graph of the voltage gain or the output voltage with respect to the frequency and
see the result. Basically the frequency response shown in the figure shows that the as we
increase the frequency the effect of capacitance comes in the picture and the gain or the
output voltage changes. At High frequency we have to consider the hybrid –pi model for
the analysis for the Amplifier. Differential Amplifier is used in very high frequency of
video application. The plot is significantly showing the same concept.
MEDI-CAPS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, INDORE: 453331.
Dept. of Electronics & Comm. Engg. Lab Session No. 4 Page No.
CMOS CIRCUIT DESIGN (EC-802) Enrol. No: Batch No.

OUTPUT RESULT:

SELF ASSESMENT QUESTION:

1) Design and analysis of Differential amplifier with diode connected and attach its
output.
2) Build Differential amplifier with PMOS current load and attach its output
waveform?
MEDI-CAPS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, INDORE: 453331.
Dept. of Electronics & Comm. Engg. Lab Session No. 4 Page No.
CMOS CIRCUIT DESIGN (EC-802) Enrol. No: Batch No.

OUTPUT:

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