clinical mnemonics

A-P-G-A-R:
A - appearance (color)
P - pulse (heart rate)
G - grimmace (reflex, irritability)
A - activity (muscle tone)
R - respiratory effort
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predisposing Conditions for Pulmonary Embolism: TOM SCHREPFER
T--trauma
O--obesity
M--malignancy
S--surgery
C--cardiac disease
H--hospitalization
R--rest (bed-bound)
E--estrogen, pregnancy, post-partum
P--past hx
F--fracture
E--elderly
R--road trip
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The 4 P's of arterial Occlusion: pain pallor pulselessness paresthesias
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve:
Think of exercising muscle for a rightward shift: Exercising
muscle is Hot, Acidic (Lactic Acid), Hypercarbic, Benefits from
oxygen unloading and has an increased 2,3 DPG. Also think Bohr
effect with a rightward shift(_CO2 = _O2). Realize that the
Haldane effect means (O2 =CO2 carried by Hgb).

Argyll-Robertson Pupil:
"Prostitute's Eye" - accommodates but does not react, pathognomonic of 3ry syphilis

Felty's Syndrome:
Felty's syndrome is the arthritis in which the spleen can be felty!

classification of hypersensitivity reactions (Gell & Goombs)

ACID
Type I Anaphylaxis
Type II Cytotoxic-mediated
Type III Immune-complex
Type IV Delayed hypersensitivity

WBC Count:
"Nobody Likes My Educational Background"
"60, 30, 6, 3, 1"
Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%
Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1:

Causes of pancytopenia:
"All my blood has taken some poison"
Aplastic anemias
Megaloblastic anemias
Bone marrow infiltration
Hypersplenism
TB
SLE
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Vomiting: non-GIT differential

ABCDEFGHI:
Acute renal failure
Brain [increased ICP]
Cardiac [inferior MI]
DKA
Ears [labyrinthitis]
Foreign substances [Tylenol, theo, etc.]
Glaucoma
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Infection [pyelonephritis, meningitis]

Physical exam for 'lumps and bumps'

"6 Students and 3 Teachers go for CAMPFIRE":
Site, Size, Shape, Surface, Skin, Scar
Tenderness, Temperature, Transillumination
Consistency
Attachment
Mobility
Pulsation
Fluctuation
Irreducibility
Regional lymph nodes
Edge

Sign vs. symptom

sIgn: something I can detect even if patient is unconscious.
sYMptom is something only hYM knows about.

Differential diagnosis checklist

"A VITAMIN C"
A and C stand for Acquired and Congenital
· VITAMIN stands for:
Vascular
Inflammatory (Infectious and non-Infectious)
Trauma/ Toxins
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Idiopathic
Neoplastic
· Example usage: List causes of decreased vision: Central retinal artery occlusion,
Retinitis pigmentosa, Perforation to gobe, Chronic Gentamycin use, Ruematoid
arthritis, Diabetes, Idiopathic, Any eye tumor, Myopia.

Breast history checklist

LMNOP:
Lump
Mammary changes
Nipple changes
Other symptoms
Patient risk factors

Pain history checklist

SOCRATES:
Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Alleviating factors/ Associated symptoms
Timing (duration, frequency)
Exacerbating factors
Severity
· Alternatively, Signs and Symptoms with the 'S'.

History: quick EMS medical history checklist

SAMPLE:
Signs/ Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent history
Last oral intake
Events preceding this incident

Glasgow coma scale: components and numbers

· Scale types is 3 V's:
Visual response
Verbal response
Vibratory (motor) response
· Scale scores are 4,5,6:
Scale of 4: see so much more
Scale of 5: talking jive
Scale of 6: feels the pricks (if testing motor by pain withdrawl)
History taking -past medical history
ABCDEFGHI:
Asthma
Blood pressure (say: 'blood pressure problems')
CVA (say: 'stroke')
Diabetes mellitus (say: 'diabetes')
Epilepsy
Fever, rheumatic
Gastrointestinal (jaundice)
Heart attack
Infection (TB)

Differential diagnosis checklist

"I VINDICATE AIDS":
Idiopathic
Vascular
Infectious
Neoplastic
Degenerative
Inflammatory
Congenital
Autoimmune
Traumatic
Endocrinal and metabolic
Allergic
Iatrogenic
Drugs
Social

Short statue causes

RETARD HEIGHT:
Rickets
Endocrine (cretinism, hypopituitarism, Cushing's)
Turner syndrome
Achondroplasia
Respiratory(suppurative lung disease)
Down syndrome
Hereditary
Environmental (postirradiation, postinfectious)
IUGR
GI (malabsorption)
Heart (congenital heart disease)
Tilted backbone (scoliosis)

Abdominal swelling causes

9 F's:
Fat
Feces
Fluid
Flatus
Fetus
Full-sized tumors
Full bladder
Fibroids
False pregnancy

For Causes of A-Fib/Flutter:

Mnemonic by Chris
"Get it? ... A-fib.. occurs in the HEART ?? Ok.. well I'm post-call..." H= cHf, other
cardiomyopathies
E= Enlargement of the atria
A= Alcohol binge drinking
R= Rheumatic heart disease
T= hyperThyroid

Proven MI.. should be met by M.O.N.A.

M = morphine
O = oxygen
N = nitrates
A = aspirin
Caveat: is suspected right ventricular MI suspected .. hold the Nitrates.

Causes of post op fever

Remember the following mnemonic when determining the possible cause(s) of fever
in a patient who has recently undergone a surgical procedure: the 5 W's (or 6 W's)
Wind: the pulmonary system is the primary source of fever in the first 48 hours.

Wound: there might be an infection at the surgical site.

Water: check intravenous access site for signs of phlebitis.

Walk: deep venous thrombosis can develop due to pelvic pooling or restricted
mobility related to pain and fatigue.

Whiz: a urinary tract infection is possible if urinary catheterization was required.

Also Wonder drugs - drug fevers.

Treatment of acute pulmonary edema

As Easy as 'LMNOP'
Remember the mnemonic LMNOP when treating a patient with acute pulmonary
edema:
Lasix® (furosemide) intravenous (IV), one to two times the patient's usual dose, or 40
mg if the patient does not usually take the drug.

Morphine sulfate. Initial dose, 4 to 8 mg IV (subcutaneous administration is effective

in milder cases); may repeat in 2 to 4 hours. Avoid respiratory depression. Morphine
increases venous capacity, lowering left atrial pressure, and relieves anxiety, which
reduces the efficiency of ventilation.

Nitroglycerin IV, 5 to 10 ug/min. Increase by 5 ug/min q 3 to 5 minutes. Reduces left

ventricular preload. Caution: may cause hypotension.

Oxygen, 100% given to obtain an arterial PO2>60 mm Hg.

Position patient sitting up with legs dangling over the side of the bed. This facilitates
respiration and reduces venous return.

Causes of hematuria
Use the mnemonic SITTT as an aid in evaluating the cause of hematuria:
S: Stone
I: Infection
T: Trauma
T: Tumor
T: Tuberculosis

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Remember the following mnemonic when evaluating patients for hyperthyroidism:
S: Sweating
T: Tremor or Tachycardia
I: Intolerance to heat, Irregular menstruation, and Irritability
N: Nervousness
G: Goiter and Gastrointestinal (loose stools/diarrhea).

5 T's of early cyanosis:

Tetralogy, Transposition, Truncus, Total anomalous, Tricuspid atresia

Strep throat score

NO FACE:
NO cough: no cough is +1
Fever: has fever is +1
Age: less than 5 years is -1, 15-45 years is 0, greater than 45 years is +1
Cervical nodes: cervical nodes palpable is +1
Exudate: tonsillar exudate is +1
· Scoring interpretation:
Score 0-1: no strep throat.
Score 1-3: possible strep throat, do a swab test.
Score 4-5: strep throat is likely, so treat empirically.

Allopurinol: indications
STORE:
Stones (history of renal stones)
Tophaceous gout (chronic)
Over-producers of urate
Renal disease
Elderly
· Bonus: Probenecid indications are basically the opposite of STORE (no renal stone
history, etc.).

Rashes: time of appearance after fever onset

"Really Sick Children Must Take No Exercise":
· Number of days after fever onset that a rash will appear:
1 Day: Rubella
2 Days: Scarlet fever/ Smallpox
3 Days: Chickenpox
4 Days: Measles (and see the Koplik spots one day prior to rash)
5 Days: Typhus & rickettsia (this is variable)
6 Days: Nothing
7 Days: Enteric fever (salmonella)

Eosinophilia: differential
NAACP:
Neoplasm
Allergy/ Asthma
Addison's disease
Collagen vascular diseases
Parasites

SIADH: major signs and symptoms

SIADH:
Spasms
Isn't any pitting edema (key DDx)
Anorexia
Disorientation (and other psychoses)
Hyponatremia

Hypoglycaemia: causes
"How to EXPLAIN hypoglycemia":
EXogenous drugs (insulin, oral hypoglycemics, alcohol, pentamidine, quinine,
quinolones)
Pituitary insufficency (no GH or cortisol)
Liver failure (no glycogen stores)
Adrenal failure (no cortisol)
Insulinomas/ Immune hypoglycemia
Non-pancreatic neoplasms (retroperitoneal sarcoma)

Pneumonia: risk factors

INSPIRATION:
Immunosuppression
Neoplasia
Secretion retention
Pulmonary oedema
Impaired alveolar macrophages
RTI (prior)
Antibiotics and cytotoxics
Tracheal instrumentation
IV dug abuse
Other (general debility, immobility)
Neurologic impairment of cough reflex, (eg NMJ disorders)

Left iliac fossa: causes of pain

SUPER CLOT:
Sigmoid diverticulitis
Uteric colic
PID
Ectopic pregnancy
Rectus sheath haematoma
Colorectal carcinoma
Left sided lower love pneumonia
Ovarian cyst (rupture, torture)
Threatened abortion/ Testicular torsion

Anemia: non-megaloblastic causes of macrocytic anemia

HAND LAMP:
Hypothyroidism
Aplastic anaemia
Neonates
Drugs
Liver disease
Alcohol
Myelodyplasia
Pregnancy

Thickened nerves: causes

HANDS:
Hansen's (leprosy)
Amyloidosis
Neurofibromatosis
Diabetes mellitus
Sarcoidosis

Syncope (fainting) treatment

If the face is red, raise the head.
If the face is pale, raise the tail.
Hospice facets
HOSPICE:
Home
Outpatient
Support groups
Pain medication/ Physical needs
Inpatient
Counseling
End-stage (terminal) illness/ Emotional needs

Clinical essay plan

"During Exams Please Say Silently I Must Prepare F***ing Well":
Definition
Epidemiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Investigations
Management
Prognosis
Further Work

JVP: raised JVP differential

PQRST (EKG waves):
Pericardial effusion
Quantity of fluid raised (fluid over load)
Right heart failure
Superior vena caval obstruction
Tricuspid stenosis/ Tricuspid regurgitation/ Tamponade (cardiac)

RLQ pain: differential

APPENDICITIS:
Appendicitis/ Abscess
PID/ Period
Pancreatitis
Ectopic/ Endometriosis
Neoplasia
Diverticulitis
Intussusception
Crohns Disease/ Cyst (ovarian)
IBD
Torsion (ovary)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Stones

Atrial fibrillation: causes of new onset

THE ATRIAL FIBS:
Thyroid
Hypothermia
Embolism (P.E.)
Alcohol
Trauma (cardiac contusion)
Recent surgery (post CABG)
Ischemia
Atrial enlargement
Lone or idiopathic
Fever, anemia, high-output states
Infarct
Bad valves (mitral stenosis)
Stimulants (cocaine, theo, amphet, caffeine)

Coma and signicantly reduced conscious state causes: causes

COMA:
CO2 and CO excess
Overdose: TCAs, Benzos, EtOH, insulin, paracetamol, etc.
Metabolic: BSL, Na+, K+, Mg2+, urea, ammonia, etc.
Apoplexy: stroke, SAH, extradural, subdural, Ca, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral
abscess, etc.

Malaria: complications of falciparum malaria

CHAPLIN:
Cerebral malaria/ Coma
Hypoglycemia
Anaemia
Pulmonary edema
Lactic acidosis
Infections
Necrois of renal tubules (ATN)

Syncope causes, by system

HEAD HEART VESSELS:
· CNS causes include HEAD:
Hypoxia/ Hypoglycemia
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Dysfunctional brain stem (basivertebral TIA)
· Cardiac causes are HEART:
Heart attack
Embolism (PE)
Aortic obstruction (IHSS, AS or myxoma)
Rhythm disturbance, ventricular
Tachycardia
· Vascular causes are VESSELS:
Vasovagal
Ectopic (reminds one of hypovolemia)
Situational
Subclavian steal
ENT (glossopharyngeal neuralgia)
Low systemic vascular resistance (Addison's, diabetic vascular neuropathy)
Sensitive carotid sinus

Organophosphates poisoning: symptoms

DUMBBELS:
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bradycardia
Bronchospasm
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation

Asthma acute attack: 5 life threatening signs

SHOCK:
Silent chest
Hypotension
One third of best/predicted PFR
Cyanosis
Konfusion

Neurological focal deficits

10 S's:
Sugar (hypo, hyper)
Stroke
Seizure (Todd's paralysis)
Subdural hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Space occupying lesion (tumor, avm, aneurysm, abscess)
Spinal cord syndromes
Somatoform (conversion reaction)
Sclerosis (MS)
Some migraines

ICU confusion causes

ICU CONFUSION:
ICU psychosis
Cardiac output low [hypotension, post cardiac arrest]
Uncontrolled temperature [hypo/hyperthermia]
Convulsion [post ictal]
Oxygen [hypoxia, hypercarbia]
Nociception [pain]
Full bladder
Uremia
Sugar [hypo/hyperglycemia]
Infection
Opiates
Natremia [hypo/hyper]

Asthma: management of acute severe

"O S#!T":
Oxygen (high dose: >60%)
Salbutamol (5mg via oxygen-driven nebuliser)
Hydrocortisone (or prednisolone)
Ipratropium bromide (if life threatening)
Theophylline (or preferably aminophylline-if life threatening)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes

BATS:
Berry aneurysm
Arteriovenous malformation/ Adult polycystic kidney disease
Trauma (eg being struck with baseball bat)
Stroke

Diabetic ketoacidosis management

F*¢KING:
Fluids (crytalloids)
Urea (check it)
Creatinine (check it)/ Catheterize
K+ (potassium)
Insulin (5u/hour. Note: sliding scale no longer recommended in the UK)
Nasogastic tube (if patient comatose)
Glucose (once serum levels drop to 12)

Coma: conditions to exclude as cause

MIDAS:
Meningitis
Intoxication
Diabetes
Air (respiratory failure)
Subdural/ Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Activated charcoal: contraindications

CHEMICAL CamP:
Cyanide
Hydrocarbons
Ethanol
Metals
Iron
Caustics
Airway unprotected
Lithium
CAMphor
Potassium

ARDS: diagnostic criteria

ARDS:
Acute onset
Ratio (PaO2/FiO2) less than 200
Diffuse infiltration
Swan-Ganz Wedge pressure less than 19 mmHg

Dyspnea: differential
3A's: Three Airways: Airway obstruction, Anaphylaxis, Asthma
3P's: Three Pulmonary's: Pneumothorax, PE, Pulmonary edema
3C's: Three Cardiacs: Cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Cardiac ischemia, Cardiac
tamponade
3M's: Three Metabolics: (DOC) DKA, Organophosphates, Carbon monoxide
poisoning

Shortness of breath: short differential

AAAA PPPP:
Airway obstruction
Angina
Anxiety
Asthma
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary Embolus

Coma: differential
UNCONSCIOUS:
Units of insulin
Narcotics
Convulsions
Oxygen
Nonorganic
Stroke
Cocktail
ICP
Organism
Urea
Shock

Coma causes checklist

AEIOU TIPS:
Acidosis/ Alcohol
Epilepsy
Infection
Overdosed
Uremia
Trauma to head
Insulin: too little or or too much
Pyschosis episode
Stroke occurred

JVP: raised JVP: extra-cardiac causes

FAT PEA:
Fever
Anaemia
Thyrotoxicosis
Pregnancy
Exercise
A-V fistula
· These are in addition to all the cardiac ones (pericardial effusion, RHF, tricuspid
stenosis, SVC obstruction, etc).

Malignant hyperthermia treatment

"Some Hot Dude Better Give Iced Fluids Fast!" (Hot dude = hypothermia):
Stop triggering agents
Hyperventilate/ Hundred percent oxygen
Dantrolene (2.5mg/kg)
Bicarbonate
Glucose and insulin
IV Fluids and cooling blanket
Fluid output monitoring/ Furosemide/ Fast heart [tachycardia]

Shock: types
RN CHAMPS:
Respiratory
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Hemorrhagic
Anaphylactic
Metabolic
Psychogenic
Septic
· Alternatively: "MR. C.H. SNAP", or "NH CRAMPS".
Ventricular fibrillation: treatment
"Shock, Shock, Shock, Everybody Shock, Little Shock, Big Shock, Momma Shock,
Poppa Shock":
Shock= Defibrillate
Everybody= Epinephine
Little= Lidocaine
Big= Bretylium
Momma= MgSO4
Poppa= Pocainamide

Chest pain: differential

CHEST PAIN:
Costochondritis/ Cocaine abuse
Herpes zoster/ Hyperventilation
Esophagitis/ Esophageal spasm
Stenosis (AS)
Trauma
PE/ Pneumonia/ Pneumothorax/ Pericarditis/ Pancreatitis
Angina/ Aortic dissection/ Aortic anerusym
Infarction/ IV disk disease
Neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g. depression, Da Costa's)

Resuscitation: basic steps

ABCDE:
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Drugs
Environment

Pneumothorax: causes
SIT, 3 A's, 3 C's:
Spontaneous (often tall thin men)
Iatrogenic
Trauma
Asthma
Alveolitis
AIDS
COPD
Carcinoma
Cystic fibrosis

ARDS: full differential

CARDS? HOPE ITS NOT ARDS:
CNS disorders
Aspiration (gastric)
Radiation
Drugs (heroin, morphine, barbiturates, etc)
Smoke, toxic gas inhalation
Hypotension, shock
Oxygen toxicity
Pancreatitis
Emboli
Infection, sepsis
Transfusion reaction
Surgery (esp. cardiac)
Near drowning
Obstetrical emergencies (eg eclampsia, HELLP)
Thermal injuries/ burns
Altitude sickness
Renal failure
DIC
SLE

Skin and Tissues

I made up a mnemonic for the layers of the epidermis that worked for me. I started on
the outside and worked my way in. This one uses the first 3 letters method: Cora
Lucille's Granny Spins Baseballs are Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum,
Basele. Of course, you have to know that "Stratum" goes before each of the words.
That part is easy.

Using the 3 first letter method for cranial bones: Ethel, the Parakeet, is Temporarily
Occupied in Front of the Sphinx. Ethmoid, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Frontal,
Sphenoid.

Another 3 first letter method for the cranial sutures: Saggy Lambs Squash the
Coroner. Sagittal, Lambdoid, Squamous and Coronal.

Cancers
College Food
Students reciting College Lunch is Best or College boys Love Breasts know that 50%
of cancers arise in three organs: Colon, Lungs, Breast.

4 Cancer Types
An easy way to relate four types of cancer to their cells of origin:

Sarcoma means cancer of the muscle, and is found in Connective and Muscle tissues.
(C, M are letters in sarCoMa)
Carcinoma is cancer of epithelial tissue, and found in stomach and Intestines
Lymphoma & Leukemia are cancers of blood Leukocytes and Lymphocytes
Miscellaneous Brain Facts
Groups of nerve cell bodies are nuclei if they're in the CNS, and ganglia if in the
peripheral nervous system. I remember the nuclei are in the CNS because they both
have the letter C.
Grey matter is central to white matter in the spinal cord, because the white stuff is fat
wrapped around and protecting the grey nerves.
What's the significance of glial cells? They nourish neurons, keep them from falling
down, and provide tunnels for axons to route. In another perspective: Albert Einstein's
brain had 30% more glial cells than average.
Four types of glial cells are ependymal, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.
The mnemonic phrase is Every Asshole Owes Money.

RENAL
1. HUS/TTP
HUS/TTP is a CRAFTY syndrome:
C : CNS symptoms
R : Renal failure
A : Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, "MAHA")
F : Fever
T : Thrombocytopenia
Y : no one knows "Y" it occurs
2. Normal anion gap acidosis
There's the older mnemonic USED CAR:
U : uterosigmoidostomy
S : saline administration (in the face of renal dysfunction)
E : endocrine (Addisons, spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride,
primary hyperparathyroidism)
D : diarrhea
C : carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
A : ammonium chloride
R : renal tubular acidosis
and a newer mnemonic RAGE:
R : renal tubular acidosis, respiratory acidosis
A : acetazolamide, ammonium chloride
G : GI (diarrhea, enteroenteric fistula, ureterosigmoidostomy)
E : endocrine (same as above endocrine list)
3. Increased anion gap acidosis
The older mnemonic is MUDPIES:
M : methanol
U : uremia
D : diabetes
P : paraldehyde
I : idiopathic (lactic acidosis)
E : ethylene glycol
S : salicylates
and a newer one called DULSI:
D : diabetic ketoacidosis
U : uremia
L : lactic acidosis
S : salicylate poisoning
I : intoxicants (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol)

MISCELLANEOUS
Clubbing (by Doog)

C : cardiac (R -> L shunt)

L : lung (tumor, fibrosis)
U : ulcerative colitis (also Crohn's disease less commonly)
B : bronchiectasis
B : benign mesothelioma
I : inherited; idiopathic; IBD
N : neurogenic tumors
G : GI (cirrhosis, crohn's, UC)
also, Hyperplastic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy, which didn't fit

dominant n recessive disorders....

a very easy way to memorise few im. ones...
(1)AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT....
D= Dystrophicas Myotonic.
O= Ostogenesis Imperfecta.
M= Marfans syndrome.
I= Intermittent Porphyria.
N= Noonans Symdrome.
A= Adult Polycystic Kidney,Achondroplasia.
N= Neurofibromatosis.
T= Tuberous sclerosis.
(2)AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE :
A= Albinism.
B= beta thalessemia.
C= Cystic Fibrosis.
D= Deafness.
E= Emphysema(alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency).
F= Friedrichs ataxia.
G= Gauchers disease.
H= Homocystinuria,Hemochromatosis.

I hope u liked this...

Posted by dr. hardik at 10:02 AM 0 comments
Labels: clinical learning easier
basics
ANATOMY

BRACHIAL PLEXUS: Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers.
Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer.
CRANIAL NERVES: I-optic, II-olfactory, III-oculomotor, IV-trochlear, V-
trigeminal, VI-abducens, VII-facial, VIII-acoustic (vestibulocochlear), IX-
glossophrayngeal, X-vagus, XI-spinal accessory, XII-hypoglossal
On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
You have I nose. You have II eyes. (I - Olfactory; II -- Optic)

Innervation of Extraocularmotor Muscles:

LR6 (SO4) 3
LR6--Lateral rectus--> VI abductens
SO4--Superior Oblique--> IV Trochlear
3--The remaining 4 eyeball movers = III

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Bras Matter More (what cranial
nerve is Motor, Sensory, or Both)

BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE: Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Masseteric,

Cervical
Ten Zebras Bought My Car
To Zanzibar By Motor Car

CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES:

c345 keeps the phrenic alive (innervation of phrenic nerve)
c345 keep the diaphragm alive (innervation of diaphragm)
c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven (nerve roots of long thoracic nerve innervate serratus
anterior)

LOCATION OF THORACIC DUCT:

The duck is between two gooses (duck = thoracic duct)
2 gooses = azyGOUS and esophaGOUS

ATTACHMENTS OF CHEST MUSCLES:

A lady between two majors.
Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove.
Teres major attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove.
Latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital groove.
The "lati" is between two "majors."

INNERVATION OF PENIS:
Parasympathetic puts it up; sympathetic spurts it out
"S2, 3, 4 keep the penis off the floor"
Innervation of the penis by branches of the pudental nerve, derived from spinal cord
levels S2-4

"Lateral is less, medial is more."

Lateral pectoral nerves goes through pectoralis major while medial p.n. goes though
both pec major and minor

AORTIC BRANCHES:
ABC'S
Aortic arch gives off the Bracheiocephalic trunk, the left Common Carotid, and the
left Subclavian artery

ORDER OF THINGS IN THIGH:

"NAVEL"
nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymphatics

NEUROANATOMY
For the function of the temporal lobes, think of a helmet which covers the side of the
head:
HELM:
H : hearing
E : emotion
L : learning
M : memory

Anatomy
Bones of the Wrist
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle
Slowly Lower Tilly's Pants To The Curly Hairs

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Brachial Plexus
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branches of the Brachial Plexus (In order from most lateral to most medial)
My Aunt Raped My Uncle

Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cranial Nerves
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vaginas And Hymens
You have 1 nose. You have 2 eyes. (The first "O" is Olfactory, second "O" is Optic)

To remember what cranial nerve is Motor, Sensory, or Both use this ( In order from
CN I to CN XII):
Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Bras Matter Most
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Extraocularmotor muscles
LR6 (SO4) LR6: Lateral rectus --> VI abductens
SO4: Superior Oblique --> IV Trochlear
All other extraocularmotor muscles are CN III

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Branches of the Facial Nerve

Ten Zebras Bought My Car
Ten Zebras Bit My Cock
Two Zulus Buggered My Cat
To Zanzibar By Motor Car

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Masseteric, Cervical

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Miscelaneous Anatomy Mnemonics

Innervation of phrenic nerve

c345 keeps the phrenic alive
c345 keep the diaphragm alive

Long thoracic nerve innervates serratus anterior

c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven

Relationship of Thorasic duct to Esophagous and Azygous

The duck is between two gooses.
duck = thoracic duct 2 gooses = azyGOUS and esophaGOUS

Attachments of Pectoralis Major, Teres Major and Latissimus Drosi

A lady between tow majors.
Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove, the teres major attaches to
medial lip of bicipital groove, and the latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital
groove. The "lati" is between two "majors."

Innervation of the Penis

Parasympathetic puts it up; sympathetic spurts it out.
Point Shoot Score
Parasympathetic, sympathetic, somatomotor

Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve

Lateral is less, medial is more.
Lateral pectoral nerves goes through pectoralis major while medial pn goes though
both pectoral major and minor.

Layers of the epidermis

Granpa Shagging Grandma's Love Child.
Brent Spiner Gained Lieutenant Commander
Germinativum or Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

Things going through Orbital Fissure

Seven French Tarts Sit Naked In Anticipation

BONES
Back Trouble?
This uses the name of a famous Flemish physician to list off the different factors
causing back troubles. It's pretty old, though, as knife and bullet wounds aren't
mentioned. :^)
O
V
E
S
A
L
I
U
S Osteomyelitis
Vertebral Fracture
Extraspinal Tumour
Spondylolisthesis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Lumbar Disk Increase
Intraspinal Tumour
Unhappiness
Stress

Carpal (Wrist) Bones

"Scared Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle." Starting from the thumb, the
eight carpal bones are Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium,
Trapezoid, Capitate, and Hamate. To tell the three T's apart... triquetrum has "tri/try"
in it, and trapezium and trapezoid are in alphabetical order.
CARPenters use their hands. The CARPAL bones are of the hand, and not the foot.

Cranial Bones
Annoying, aren't they? The cranial bones are the PEST OF 6...
P
E
S
T
O
F

Parietal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Occipital
Frontal
the six? the number of bones!

Try this one as well: Old People From Texas Eat Spiders.

Cranial Sutures
Sutures have CLASS...
C
L
A
S
S Coronal
Lambdoid
and
Squamous
Sagittal

Facial Bones
"Con Man Max and Pal Ziggy Lack Nasty Voices". Not the most intuitive acrostic in
the world, but it works...
Con
Man
Max
Pal
Ziggy
Lack
Nasty
Voices Conchae
Mandible
Maxilla
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Vomer

Fontanels (Infant Skull)

A baby's first words might be "PAPA!"...
P
A
P
A Posterior
Anterior
Posterio-Lateral
Anterio-Lateral

Fractures
Star Wars fans (hi, Inderpal!) use "Go C3PO" to recall the seven types of bone
fractures...
G
O
C
C
C
P
O Greenstick
Open
Complete
Closed
Comminuted
Partial
Other

Lower Leg Bones

Can't tell your tib from your fib? The TIBia is the Thick, Inner Bone. The FibuLa is
Finer, Fluted, and Lateral.

Orbital Bones
This one's a bit silly. It relies on the belief that a species called the FLEZMS are in
ORBITaround the earth.
F
L
E
Z
M
S Frontal
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Sphenoid

Two Zulu's Bruised My Cervix

This one is used to remember the branches of the facial nerve...a (Sent to me by
axe@iinet.net.au)
T emporal nerve
Z ygomatic nerve
B uccal nerve
M arginal mandibular nerve
C ervical nerve

To Zanzibar By Motorcar

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle

For the order of the bones in the wrist : Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform,
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Breasts Matter Most

For the Cranial Nerves 1 through 12, in determining whether they are Sensory, Motor,
or Both (starting with Cranial Nerve 1)

Cranial bones:
Old Pygmies From Thailand Eat Skulls
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

Cranial bones (alternative):

STEP OF 6
The 6 skull bones are:
Sphenoid
Temporal
Ethmoid
Parietal
Occipital
Frontal
Alternatively: "STEP OFf my skull".

Cranial sutures:
Learn Cranial Sutures
Lambdoid
Coronal
Sagittal

Branches of the External Carotid Artery in order starting with the first branch
(superior thyroid artery).
See plate 29 in Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy.
Contributed by Calvin Lee, Surgical Resident, Case Western Reserve on 7/22/98. This
is a good "pimp" question/fact when you are in the OR assisting on a thyroid or a
carotid case. Know this one!

Sally Superior Thyroid

Ann Ascending Pharyngeal
Likes Lingual
Flirting Facial
On Occipital
Philidelphia's Posterior auricular
Main Maxillary
Street Superficial temporal

PHYSIOLOGY
Muscles
Horny Office Temps
Six factors triggering smooth muscle contraction are oxygen, temperature, ions,
hormones, stretch, and acid level (pH). The acronym is "SHIP TO" but the mnemonic
phrase is much better: Office Temp's Eye On Whore Stretching Ass. Notice ion is
encoded as eye on in this example.

Crossbridge Cycle
The most basic part of the functional muscle is the cross bridge site where muscular
contractions occur. The process of myosin heads attaching to actin, bending, then
releasing takes four steps: ready, coupling, bending, letting go. A different chemical
triggers each step thusly: hydrolysis makes Ready; Calcium ions cause the Coupling;
ADP bends the myosin head; ATP lets go. Sounds like a new dance to me.

Calico Cats' Calm Milk

"Calico Cats' Calm Milk" is the pathway of smooth muscle contraction: Calcium
Cation attaches to Calmodulin, which binds to Myosin Light Kinase.

BIOCHEMISTRY

Essential Amino Acids

PriVaTe TIM HALL
Phe, Val, Thr, Trp, Ile, Met, His, Arg, Leu, Lys

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Urea Cycle
Ordinarily, Careless Crappers, Are Also Frivolous About Urination.
Ornithine, Carbamoyl, Citrulline, Aginosuccinate, Aspartate, Fumarate, Arginine,
Urea.

Pyrimidines are CUT from purines.

Pyrimidines are Cytosine, Uracil, Thiamine and are one ring structures.
Purines are double ring structures
PATHOLOGY
Classification of hypersensitivity reactions

submitted by Jed. "ACID"

Type I Anaphylaxis
Type II Cytotoxic - mediated
Type III Immune - complex
Type IV Delayed hypersensitivity
Posted by dr. hardik at 9:57 AM 0 comments
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