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MAKING MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY MAINSTREAM

DR GARTH BRYANS, SENIOR RESOURCE ANALYST, AQUAMARINE POWER


Introduction

Introduction
> Why Renewables?
> Why Wave Energy?
> Where & How Much?
> History of wave Energy devices
> A
Aquamarine
i Power
P
> Oyster I
> Oyster II
> Wave Power in Ireland
Why Renewable Power Generation
Securing our Energy Future

The world faces major challenges in securing its energy future....

¾ Combating climate change - global average temperature set to rise by at least 2°C by 2050

¾ Addressing instability of energy market – in 12 months, price of oil has risen from $60 a barrel
to peak of $147 before falling back to around $40

¾ Need for security of supply – political instability in the Middle East likely to lead to oil supply
disruptions

¾ Meeting increased energy demand – 50% global increase in electricity consumption predicted
between now and 2030
Addressing Climate Change
Addressing Climate Change
The Need For Energy Market Stability
The Need For Energy Market Stability
By 2020...
2020

• UK could be 80% fuel


import dependent (based
on current energy demand
and production)

Predictions are...

• 70% reduction in UK oil


and gas production

• 50% increase in global


energy demand
The Need For Energy Market Stability

50% increase
in global
energy
demand
predicted
between now
and 2030
2030.
Why Generate Power From Waves?
Options

Earth sRotationto
Earth's Rotation to 3.7TW
3 7TW
lunarorbit Atmospherictides 0.02TW <0.01 kW/m
Geotides 0.2TW <0.01 kW/m
Marginal seas
Marginalseas 2 6TW
2.6TW 3 0 4.0
3.0 40 kW/m
DeepOceans 0.9TW <0.01 kW/m
Solarenergy 136,563TW
Heat&Light
H t & Li ht 87 000TW
87,000TW 0 1 0.3
0.1 03 kW/
kW/m
Hydrologiccycle 45,000TW
Wind 3,500TW 0.4 0.6 kW/m
Wave 1000TW 2.0 3.0 kW/m
Biosphere 63TW <0.01 kW/m
Geothermal 42TW
Options

2004 2005 2006 2007


(TWh per year)

Hydroelectricity 2,778 2,891 2,998 2,999


Geothermal 53 54 55 57
Wind Electricity 80 100 126 164
Solar, Wave & tidal 2 3 4 5
Biomass and Waste 204 217 229 247
Totall Renewable
e 3,117
7 3,265
5 3,412
2 3,473
3
Total eletrical generation 16,643 17,335 18,010 18,779
Options
Why Not Wind

> Full potential of onshore wind not fully realized –


> Planning regulations & grid connection & infrastructure problems

> High cost of offshore wind – up to €4m/MW

> Renewable portfolio must diversify to meet growing domestic demand and allow greater grid
penetration for renewable energy.
IN BRIEF
WHY WAVE POWER?

> Offers diversity to wind.

> Offers access to a very large


market.
Wave Power - Where & How Much?
WIND CELLS
WAVE POWER
WAVE ENERGY IN IRELAND
THE OPPORTUNITY FOR IRELAND

Ireland has a huge marine


LOCATION OF GLOBAL OYSTER RESOURCE (%) resource:

> Potential to meet 75% of


Ireland’s current energy
demand (7.8GW installed)

> Target of 500MW by 2020


= around 10% of Ireland’s
Ireland s
renewable portfoliio
WAVE POWER – WHAT IS IT?
Deep Water & Shallow Water
Attenuator Overtopping device

Point absorber Oscillating


g Wave Surge
g Converter

Submerged pressure differential Oscillating water column


Deep Water & Shallow Water

Waves
Shoaling,
Shoaling
animation deep
water shallow
water,
water
Deep Water & Shallow Water
Near Shore
Advantages

> Survivability – Maximum wave height is much lower.


> Wave direction – uniform wave direction.
> Amplified Surge – Most of the energy is contained in the surge component.
> Focusing of wave power – Use of natural features to focus wave energy.
> Access – 24/7 on shore access to equipment during early stage development.
History of wave Energy devices
Wave Power - Early Beginnings

The first wave power patent was filed in 1799 by French engineer,
Pierre-Simon Girard and his son.

The patent described a gigantic lever, with its fulcrum on the


shore and with a 'body’
body floating on the sea.

As the body rose and fell with the waves, the lever would work
up
p and down, pproducing
g mechanical p power to drive
machinery.

Though the Girard device was never built, it paved the way for
the filing of a further 340 wave power patents between 1855 and
1973.
1973
A Wave of Enthusiasm in the 1970s
The modern scientific pursuit of wave energy gy
is widely credited as beginning in the early
1970s with the work of Professor Stephen
Salter at the University of Edinburgh.

Salter’s ‘Duck’ was designed to create


electricity by bobbing up and down with the
waves and d iin early
l small-scale
ll l testing
i
managed to convert 80% of wave energy into
electricity.

The 1973 oil crisis prompted governments


across Europe to fund further research into
cost-effective
cost effective ways of producing power from
waves.

The UK’s1974 Wave Energy gy Programme


g led to
testing of numerous designs, but all fell short of
unrealistic government expectations.
Progress Against the Odds
1982 saw dramatic cuts in the UK’s R&D funding
g
as wave energy was largely written off as
‘uneconomic’. In 1994, funding was withdrawn
altogether.

Falling oil prices further reduced the financial


imperative for renewable energies, but a number
of committed wave power developers continued
their research throughout the 1980s and 1990s.

In 1985, Professor Trevor Whittaker and his


research team at Queen's University, Belfast,
commenced work on a prototype shoreline wave
power device on Islay.

The 75kW device was grid-connected in 1991 and


was in operation for nearly ten years.
Making up for lost time
The 1990s
Th 1990 saw a renewed d iinterest
t t iin wave energy
prompted largely by rising oil prices and the threat
of global warming.

In 1992, the first wave energy company,


Wavegen, was founded by Professor Alan Wells,
inventor of the ‘Wells
Wells Turbine’
Turbine , and Allan
Thomson.

Since then, numerous companies


have begun working in partnership
with academic research groups to
progress the development of wave
energy.
Wave Energy – Surging Forward

To date, more than 1000 patents have been filed


relating to wave energy and there are an estimated
100 developers
d l world-wide.
ld id

Since 2000, a handful of devices have progressed


to commercial
commercial-scale
scale and grid
grid-connection.
connection

Current world-installed capacity is estimated


to be around 3MW.

A further wave of developers are set to


deploy full-scale demonstrators within the
next five years
years.
Aquamarine Power
SENIOR MANAGEMENT TEAM

MARTIN MCADAM MATTHIAS HAAG RICHARD ROUND


CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER CHIEF FINANCE OFFICER

> Track record in building > Track record in offshore oil, gas > 30yrs financial/operational
successful large-scale and wind industry experience in renewables, oil &
renewable businesses > Former general manager for gas, coal and mining sectors
> Founder of Airtricity’s North Shell wind energy projects on a > Proven track record of raising
American operations, sold to global basis fi
finance andd operating
ti ini
E.On in 2007 for $1.2bn > Project managed North Sea developing international markets
> Proven leadership skills Dutch Offshore Windpark > Formerly of Novera Energy Plc, one
of UK’s leading renewable energy
generators
SENIOR MANAGEMENT TEAM

RONAN DOHERTY PhD SIAN MCGRATH PhD URSULA O’BRIEN


CHIEF TECHNICAL OFFICER HEAD OF COMMERCIAL HEAD OF HUMAN RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT
> Former Trading & Investment > Track
T k recordd in
i start-up > Experienced HR & Business
Risk Manager at Airtricity business development and Manager, formerly of IT sector
raising public finance and NHS
> PhD from University College
Dublin in Power Systems and > Proven experience of securing > Specialist in employee
R
Renewable
bl Energy
E g marine
i consents t relations and change
management
> Proven track record in > Chair, Scottish Government
international award-winning Marine Energy Group; member, > Member of Chartered Institute
research; experienced numerical UK Government Marine Action of Personnel & Development
modeller Plan Group
INDUSTRY EXPERTISE

PROF. TREVOR WHITTAKER PROF. STEPHEN SALTER ALLAN THOMSON


RESEARCH ADVISOR TO BOARD SPECIALIST TECHNICAL ADVISOR COMPANY FOUNDER & NON-
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
> Professor of Coastal > Professor of Engineering > Leading developer of wave
Engineering and Head of Wave Design, University of Edinburgh power technology in UK
Power Research Group, > Pioneer of wave energy since > Founded first ever wave energy
Queen’s University,y Belfast 1970s company
> Experience of five wave power > Developed Salter Duck, > Developed Limpet,
sea-trials to date including ground-breaking wave energy commercial-scale 500kW
Islay 75kW plant device, in 1970s device in 1999
> Pioneered wave powered
navigation buoys in 1984
THE TEAM

> HR policies with staff involvement at


STAFF QUALIFICATIONS (February 2010) core
> Sh d vision
Shared i i andd values
l – INSPIRE -
Integrity, Nurture, Safety, Partnership,
Innovation, Respect and Enthusiasm
> Team includes multiple PhDs in all
relevent disciplines
> Alignment of skills and experience to
deliver cost-competitive
p electricityy
from wave energy
OYSTER I
DESIGNED SIMPLICITY
OYSTER TECHNOLOGY
OYSTER
KEY BENEFITS

> Accessible – generation equipment is onshore – accessible 24/7


> Reliable – conventional hydro-electric power station – proven, reliable
> Survivability – no “survival mode”,
mode” naturally ducks under extreme waves and keeps
generating
> High capture factor – uniform wave direction, amplified surge forces
> Economies of scale – one generator, multiple flaps & low cost fabrication
> Low weight to power ratio - compared to alternatives, including offshore wind
QUBB -TANK
TANK
K TESTING PEAK
K POWER
R TO
O GRID
D THIRD
D PARTY
3 YRS 1/40th and 1/20th 157kW VERIFICATIONS

FABRICATION - NIGG FATIGUE TESING INSTALLED – AUG 09


LAUNCH CEILIDH – ALEX SALMOND, 20TH NOVEMBER
LAUNCH CEILIDH – ALEX SALMOND, 20TH NOVEMBER
LESSONS LEARNED – OYSTER 2
TBC

EMEC

2011
Design
refinement
EMEC

NOW
Design
2009
prototype

Conceptt
prototype
>V

ARRAY TESTING SINCE 2007 THIS


S WORKS
O S TOO EXPENSIVE!

CUT FABRICATION COSTS ….SO DOES THIS! WEATHER DEPENDENT


>V

Y
Years off Tank
T k testing
t tii the
thh Oyster
O t 1 design
d i has
h produced
d d the
thh new Oyster
O t III shape
h

More hydrodynamically efficient


Easier to: install, maintain, manufacture, locate, and consent
Cost of Power
THE SCALE OF THE OPPORTUNITY

180

160
Greenpeace
e Windforce
e 10
0 (1999)
pacity (GW))

140
IEA World Energy Outlook (1998)
120
Global Insstalled Cap

IEA World Energy Outlook (2002)


100
Reality
80

60

40

20

0
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
KEY REQUIREMENTS OF WAVE ENERGY
TECHNOLOGY

Wave energy technology


must be...

> Easyy to build


> Easy to install
> Easy to operate
> Easy to maintain
> Easy to diagnose
KEY ADVANTAGES OF OYSTER!

Oyster is...

9 Easy to build
9 Easy to install
9 Easy to operate
9 Easy to maintain
9 Easy to diagnose
DESIGNED SIMPLICITY
EMEC: OYSTER 1

Onshore hydraulic EMEC grid substation


ppower conversion

500m
Oyster 1 WEC
pipelines
OYSTER II
IMPROVMENTS
> Moree efficientt – new shape
shape, has given a much higher energy output.
output
> Reliable – Designed for reliability with redundancy.
> Installationn – Less weather dependant, faster, cheaper.
> More tolerance to seabed – Less seabed preparation required.
> Maintenance – Modular systems
y for easyy maintenance.
> Fabrication – Designed with our fabricators to reduce construction costs.
Wave Power – In Ireland
MARINE ENERGY
POSITIVE STEPS IN IRELAND

> Significant government support for marine energy in Ireland:

• Commitment to REFIT (€220 per MWh feed in tariff)


• Development of Belmullet test centre
• Establishment of Ocean Energy Development Unit (OEDU)
• Establishment of SEI Prototype Development Fund
• Smart Bay Project (Galway)
MARINE ENERGY
THE BENEFITS FOR IRELAND

> Clean energy – significant carbon savings


> Security of supply (91% of Ireland’s energy supply was imported in 2006)
> Creation of a new industry and highly skilled employment in Ireland
> Whilst the €220 per MWh costs the consumer, it is likely to reduce the market price
sufficiently to more than offset this cost
cost, as seen with wind
> Potential to create export market for Ireland – power, technology, skills, IP
NOT JUST ABOUT THE COST… ITS ABOUT THE BENEFIT
GERMANY
REAPING THE BENEFITS
> Creating saving of €6.1bn
€6 1bn
> Increase in domestic turnover from installation/operation of renewables systems –
increase from €18.1bn in 2005 to around €22.9bn in 2006
> Increase in employment in renewable sector – rose from 160,000 in 2004 to over
230,000 in 2006
> Creation of export market – over 70% of wind production technology exported
> Reduced carbon emissions - CO2 emissions reduced by 100m tonnes in 2006
WHAT S NEXT?
WHAT’S
THE WAY FORWARD

> Developer support for MRIA (Marine Renewable Industry Association) and
OEDU (Ocean Energy Development Unit)
> Wave power must have at least 500MW of grid capacity allocated to it outside
of the gate process
> Continued commitment to REFIT scheme
> Streamlined approach to licensing and leasing the seabed - clear, consistent
and proactive policies and processes
DR GARTH BRYANS
SENIOR RESOURCE ANALYST

AQUAMARINE POWER
10 ST ANDREW SQUARE
EDINBURGH
EH2 2AF
UNITED KINGDOM

Tel: +44 131 718 6011


Fax: +44 131 718 6100
Email: garth bryans@aquamarinepower com
garth.bryans@aquamarinepower.com
Web: www.aquamarinepower.com

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