Terms of Reference

Final Evaluation
Tourism for Rural Poverty Alleviation Programme (TRPAP)

1. Background

The Tourism for Rural Poverty Alleviation Programme (TRPAP)1 aims at contributing to
achieve the single key strategic goal of poverty reduction of the Government of Nepal through
review and formulation of policy and strategic planning for sustainable tourism development
that is pro-poor, pro-environment, pro-rural communities and pro-women. To achieve this goal
the programme has set three objectives: a) To demonstrate sustainable tourism development
models for policy feedback b) to develop institutional mechanisms for the sustenance of
tourism development in Nepal and c) to support the government to review and formulate
sustainable tourism development policies and strategies and integrate them with wider
conservation objectives. Being a community-based sustainable rural tourism programme, it
uses tourism as a vehicle to reduce poverty. The programme encourages and involves
grassroots people in the decision making process, to help ensure that benefits from tourism can
reach the rural poor through:

 Developing rural tourism models replicable in other parts of Nepal, through community
planning and establish tourism institutions to create the backward and forward linkages.
 Enhancing capacity and empower local women and poor to manage and run the tourism
businesses in a sustainable way,
 Preparing pro-poor tourism policy and strategy and long term tourism marketing plan
for Nepal and periodic tourism plans for the pilot districts.
 Providing capital support to start tourism businesses at the grass root level.

Programme Approach
The programme has taken partnership approach with multiple stakeholders at all levels (such
as community interests, local government and the national tourism organisation) to work
together towards agreed common goals. At the local level the programme forms Community
Organizations (COs) and Functional Groups (FGs) for the establishment of backward linkages
through tourism development, with special emphasis on Special Target groups (STG) and
women through capacity enhancement and resource mobilization from Venture Capital Fund
(VCF). At the Village Development Committee (VDC) level, the programme has established
Sustainable Tourism Development Committee (STDC) to co-ordinate with the COs formed
within the VDC, establishing a vertical linkage with the Sustainable Tourism Development
Section (STDS) formed at the district level within the umbrella of District Development
1
Tourism for Rural Poverty Alleviation Programme (TRPAP) is a joint undertaking of the Government of Nepal, Ministry of
Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Nepal Tourism Board, DNPWC, UNDP, DFID Nepal and SNV Nepal. The programme
is intended to be for a five-year period (September 2001-October 2006). The six pilot sites of the programme varying from
Chitwan and Rupandehi districts of Terai to Dolpa, Rasua, Solukhumbu and Taplejung districts in the high mountain with a
geographical spread from far west to far east are the six tourist destinations of Nepal. These destinations include seven Village
Development Committees (VDCs) of the Dolpa district (the land of the snow leopard), seven VDCs around Lumbini (the
birthplace of Lord Buddha) in Rupandehi district, four VDCs in Chitwan (the land of the Chepangs), nine VDCs in Rasuwa
district (heartland of Tamangs including parts of Langtang National Park), fifteen VDCs in Solukhumbu district (including the
Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone – preparation of a management and tourism plan), and six VDCs in Taplejung
district (Kanchenjunga area outside the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area and pilgrimage site of Pathibhara Devi shrine).

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Committees (DDC) to co-ordinate with district level tourism stakeholders and district level
tourism planning; while having close linkage with the Sustainable Tourism Development Unit
(STDU) established within the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB).

The mid-term evaluation in 2004 recommended the programme to shift its focus
and attention from social mobilization process used to create community level foundations to
promotion and marketing of rural tourism products in the international market through direct
engagement of private sector. Since then apart from maintaining effective partnership at micro
and meso levels for tourism planning, product development and capacity building the
programme has largely engaged the private tour operators and tourism entrepreneurs for
product promotion and marketing.

Country Context:
The working sites of TRPAP have been challenging for rural tourism development as Nepal is
largely marked for type of tourism happening around the main tourism destinations which is
largely controlled by outside tour operators. To get the local people involved in tourism
requires diversification of products in the selected destinations and developing backward
linkages to them. Remoteness of some of project sites and limited physical access to get there
accompanied by threatening security situation that prevailed in the country till some time ago
not only hindered the overall the process but also obstructed the anticipated outcome to
achieve. Average tourist arrival to Nepal during this period remained quite low which
impacted the number of tourists visiting the newly developed rural tourism products from the
support of TRPAP. Partnership with the local people and their institutions in implementation
helped the programme cope with the extremely difficult field situation. Despite this, the
programme continued to function in all areas despite temporary interruption of some of its
components in few sites, which ultimately caused unwarranted delay in achieving some of its
components.

Following are the key results expected to have been achieved by the end of the programme:

 Appropriate pilot village based tourism models developed through community

consultation /social mobilization approach with focus groups and supported by the
institutional framework;
 Training packages developed
 Sustainable Tourism Development Committee (STDC) established in programme
VDCs and tourism development activities incorporated in the Village Development
Planning (VDP) process;
 STDS established within the DDC and tourism development activities incorporated in
the District Development Planning (DDP) process;
 Backward and forward institutional linkages established for Sustainable Tourism
Development;
 MoCTCA’s and NTB’s expertise in developing community-based pro-poor tourism
enhanced;
 MoCTCA’s expertise enhanced in developing appropriate policies and strategies for
community based pro-poor tourism development;
 District tourism plans prepared
 NTB’s capacity to promote new rural tourism products and services in origin. Mkts.
Enhanced;

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  NATHM’s expertise in providing training and education in sustainable tourism,
ecotourism and conservation enhanced;
 Policy and strategy planning documents developed for the promotion of sustainable
tourism in Nepal;
 Sustainable tourism policy and strategic planning that is pro-poor, pro-environment,
pro-rural communities and pro-women is adopted by the Ministry of Culture, Tourism
and Civil Aviation (MOCTCA); and
 Revised Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone Management Plan produced;

2. Purpose and scope of the evaluation

The purpose of this evaluation is two fold. First, it will assess the effectiveness of the
programme in terms of its contribution to a) rural poverty reduction in the six pilot areas and b)
promoting sustainable rural tourism in the project sites. Second, it will recommend for a future
programmatic need in the field of sustainable rural tourism development in Nepal based on the
lessons learnt from TRPAP interventions.

The scope of evaluation will include assessing the contributions made by various
programme components in fostering sustainable rural tourism models and creating enabling
environment at micro, meso and macro levels through addressing tourism policy gaps and
discords as well as institutional strengthening as envisioned under programme objectives.
Further to that the evaluation will analyze the relevance of the programme in the present
context and possibility of success of similar interventions in future. It is expected that the
evaluation will recommend on how the lessons learnt from piloting various practices,
approaches and models by the programme will be used for conceptualizing new programme in
the area. The evaluation will also suggest on new strategies and approaches to be adopted for
future programme implementation including the future implementation modality.

TRPAP has maintained partnership with several institutions and organizations at the
local, district and national levels which supported the programme from direct implementation
to providing support for implementation. The implementing partners, particularly the NTB and
the concerned DDCs have shown firm commitments and already taken actions for replicating
some of the initiatives taken by the programme in the neighboring areas. The evaluation will
assess on possible partnership for joint programming both with government and non-
government institutions as well as bilateral donors in the field of promoting rural tourism in
Nepal based on TRPAP experience. The evaluation will also emphasize on which of the
TRPAP areas would need further programme support in terms of getting financial and
institutional sustainability which area is capable of managing tourism on its own.

3. Issues
Issues to be addressed by the final evaluation are categorized below:

General
 Assess the degree of achievements of the programme objectives and outputs as outlined
in the programme log-frame (including the actual phases of the different elements of
the programme);
 Assess the performance of the programme in achieving key results as outlined in the
pro-doc;

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  Evaluate the success in implementation of recommendations made by the DFID review
mission and mid term review mission;
 Assess the appropriateness of the implementation strategy and methodology adopted by
the programme in terms of effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability, especially in
relation to changed political situation in the country;
 Programme intervention and management strategies, especially in relation to the
institutional embedding in Nepal Tourism Board, DDCs and VDCs and its technical
support;
 Programmes adaptiveness – how have project activities changed in response to new
conditions, and have the changes been appropriate;
 Review of the clarity of roles and responsibilities of the various agencies and
institutions and the level of coordination between relevant players;
 Review and evaluate the extent to which programme impacts have reached the intended
beneficiaries;
 Assess the outcomes and benefits of the programme;
 Describe key factors that will require attention in order to improve prospects for future
sustainability of the programme outcomes;
 Review the implementation of the programme’s monitoring and evaluation mechanism;
 Review exit strategies and phase out plan adopted by the partners;

Specific

A. To demonstrate sustainable tourism development models for policy feedback

 Effectiveness of programme implementation at district and community levels,

especially related to community groups, functional groups, etc
 Integration of gender sensitive and pro-poor approaches in the programme and impact
of those approaches at the local level programme implementation;
 Promotion of tourism related micro-enterprises at the rural areas;
 Relevance of site specific rural tourism models developed and promoted by the
programme and sustainability of those models;
 Implementation of small-scale tourism related infra-structures – effectiveness and
usefulness;
 Usefulness of various training packages and manuals developed by the programme, and
 Usefulness of development tools, like Development Wheel, TEAP, APPA, etc.

B. To develop institutional mechanisms for sustainable tourism development in Nepal.

 Establishment and functioning of STDCs in programme VDCs and incorporation in

their development activities through the village development process;
 Establishment of STDS in the DDC and mainstreaming rural tourism planning and
development activities in the district development planning process;
 Integration of rural tourism in the programme districts;
 Effective interaction with and establishment of marketing linkages with private sector;
 Whether MoCTCA’s capacity to formulate and mainstream pro-poor tourism policies
and strategies into government’s development policies and strategies;

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  Whether NTBs capacity in planning and developing sustainable rural tourism has been
increased, and whether its capacity to promote rural tourism products has been
enhanced;
 Whether the NTB is providing marketing and promotional services to the six tourist
destinations;
 Whether collaboration with NATHM in conducting training and extension activities
has been satisfactory?
 Whether tourism market linkages initiated by the programme have been effective;

C. To support the government in reviewing and formulating sustainable tourism

development policies and strategies, in tune with wider conservation objectives

 Whether changes in policies and strategies on tourism development are directed

towards sustainable tourism development;
 Likelihood of endorsement and implementation of pro-poor tourism policy, long term
strategy and marketing;
 Commitments of government institutions to implement tourism management plan of
Sagarmatha NP and buffer zone for better park and tourism management;
 Whether pro-poor tourism concept is being integrated in eco-tourism plans of protected
areas elsewhere;
 Whether commitment by DNPWC and evidence of more formal linkages with tourism
established;
 Role of government, particularly MoCTCA in creating enabling environment for rural
tourism development in the county

4. Methodology of Evaluation

The evaluation team is supposed to develop detail methodology in the beginning of the
assignment for the evaluation based on the extensive review of programme related
documentation including programme review, progress reports and mid-term evaluation.

The methodology will include consultations at different levels (micro, meso and macro)
with the concerned agencies and partners such as UNDP, DFID, SNV-N and the relevant
agencies of the government, private sector, civil society and tourism entrepreneurs including
TRPAP team. High level consultation with the officials of MoCTCA, MoLD, MoFSC, MoF
and NPC is recommended to determine the future priorities of Nepal and their commitment to
rural tourism development. A separate meeting with private sector is recommended to discuss
the issues related to promotion and marketing of rural tourism products and NTB capacity to
manage this. To the extent possible, the mission should consult any organizations of the civil
society and people participating in the programme. Field level consultations are necessary in
selected sites that will involve DDC, BZMC, STDS, DTCC and STDC members as required. It
is proposed that the evaluation team will visit at least three programme sites including Rasuwa,
Rupandehi (Lumbini) and Solukhumbu (Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone VDCs)
districts to gain first-hand insight in the development activities and results.

The specific activities of the evaluation team include:

 Meet with staff of TRPAP, UNDP, DFID and SNV Nepal in order to review the
programme in detail.

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  Review all relevant documentation for reference purposes – a list of key source
documents is included in this document as a separate section.
 Meet and discuss with (senior) staff of TRPAP, MoCTCA, DNPWC, NTB, NATHM
LDT, UNDP, DFID, and SNV Nepal on progress in the programme
 Meet and discuss with local district partners (DDC, VDC, Park, CO, Bufferzone user
groups, FC, Buffer Zone Committee, BZ Management Committee, etc) in all
mentioned areas
 Meet and discuss with other governmental and non-governmental organizations
including private sector stakeholders working in all tourist destinations, travel trade
associations such as TAAN, NATA, NATO, PATA, NMA, HAN, REBAN, TURGAN
etc.
 Draft report to include recommendations regarding institutional issues around TRPAP
and NTB and future inputs from donor partners, particularly UNDP
 Debrief in a participatory workshop to programme staff and working group/project
steering committee. A draft report will be discussed with Project Steering Committee of
TRPAP before finalizing it.
 Prepare a final “Evaluation Report”.

Deliverable:

The final output of the mission would be a “Evaluation Report” both in hard and soft copy
including a chapter on forward looking strategies required for future intervention in this area.
The report should clearly recommend, in particular, how the sustainability of the programme
can be enhanced to ensure that it continues after the formal cessation of UNDP involvement.

The tentative outline of the “Evaluation Report” is attached for reference (See Annex 1).

Composition of the Evaluation Team

The team will consist of one international consultant and two national consultants who will
participate for the entire duration of the evaluation. The international consultant will be
designated as team leader and will carry overall responsibility for organizing and achieving the
evaluation and delivery of the final report.

Tourism policy/planning, institutional, integrated rural development

(including conservation) Consultant (International): - Team Leader
Academic and/or professional background preferable – Master's degree in Tourism or a
relevant discipline. S/he should have international experience of at least 10 years in
formulating tourism strategic plans and projects. The incumbent should be experienced in rural
based tourism development and community development; be familiar with improving
institutional mechanisms and building links between local and central governance, and public
and private sector; and having knowledge and understanding of both conservation and
development. Experience in project evaluation related to eco-tourism or rural tourism is
mandatory.

Marketing and Enterprise Development Consultant (National):- Member

S/he must hold a minimum of Master's degree in Business Management with a minimum of 5
years of relevant experience in marketing and enterprise development activities. Previous

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experience in any of the areas covered by the project in small tourism business development is
a distinct advantage. Proficient English writing and communication skills (including word-
processing). Ability to act as translator for international counterpart and to translate written
documents from /to Nepalese is essential.
Social and Gender Consultant (National):- Member
A minimum of Master's degree in sociology, gender or related area with a minimum 5 years of
progressive work experience, combining social issues and gender is required. Preferably s/he
should be familiar with the national policy issues, priorities and institutional mechanism and
programme/project implementation. Particularly knowledge and working experience in the
formulation of projects, producing project documents and evaluating community development
and/or conservation programmes will be an asset. S/he should be creative and have good
interpersonal skills. Overall features of excellent presentation abilities, clear articulation of
ideas and effective communication skills are required.

Time Schedule and Reporting

The mission should commence on 1st of September 2006 and the final draft of the review
report will be submitted to UNDP on October 15, 2006. However, the first draft report will be
submitted in September 30, 2006. The evaluation team in consultation with UNDP and
TRPAP will prepare the detailed field schedule. The tentative work plan is prepared for the
Review (Table 1) as such.

Table 1: Tentative work plan for Programme Evaluation

S.No Outputs Weeks Remarks

1 Consulted the key stakeholders at center and
reviewed and analyzed the existing
information
2 Field study completed
3 Draft evaluation report prepared
4 Debriefed the evaluation outcome to TRPAP
working group and UNDP
5 Prepared final Evaluation Report

Implementation arrangement

UNDP CO in Nepal will be in-charge for logistics arrangements, field visits and meeting
programme. In addition, TRPAP staff will accompany the mission to gather basic data and
relevant information, set up meetings, provide office space, identify the key stakeholders,
assist with planning and logistics, and generally ensure that the evaluation is carried out
smoothly.

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Annex 1

Evaluation Products

A Final “Evaluation Report” (no more than 30 pages, excluding Executive Summary and
Annexes) structured as follows:

Acronyms and Terms

Executive Summary (no more than 4 pages): The Executive Summary should briefly explain
how the evaluation was conducted and provide the summary of contents of the report and its
findings.

Project Concept and Design: This section should begin with the context of the problem that
the project had addressed. It should describe how effectively the project concept and design
can deal with the situation, with a focus on the consistency and logic of the project strategy and
the logframe. Planning documents, i.e. the project document (especially the logical framework
matrix) and workplans should be reviewed.

Project Results: This section should be an assessment of how successful the project has been in
terms of achieving its immediate and development objectives. It should also try to answer the
question: What has happened and why? The performance indicators in the logframe matrix are
crucial to completing this section.

Findings: The section on findings is a list of the main points or conclusions of the evaluation.
Typically, it is quite short, maybe just a page.

Recommendations: Here, the evaluators should be as specific as possible. To whom are the
recommendations addressed and what exactly should that party do? Recommendations might
include sets of options and alternatives.

Lessons Learned: This is a list of lessons that may be useful to other projects.

List of Annexes (Terms of Reference, Itinerary, Persons Interviewed)

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Annex 2

Position: Tourism policy/planning, institutional, integrated rural

development (including conservation) Consultant
(International): - Team Leader
Duration: 1 Month
Duty Station: Kathmandu
Responsibilities:
The Team Leader will work directly under the guidance of the United
Nations Development Programme UNDP Country Office. While evaluating
the programme, the consultant shall maintain a close coordination with the
TRPAP Programme Management Unit. The consultant will maintain close
liaison with the UNDP, the concerned agencies of the Government and the
TRPAP staff. To the extent possible, s/he should consult any organizations
of the civil society and people participating in the programme. Although the
consultant should feel free to discuss with the concerned authorities
anything relevant to his /her assignment, it is not authorized to make any
commitments on behalf of the government or donor agencies.

The specific activities of the Team Leader include but not limited:

• Review all relevant documentation and coordinate with relevant

institutions;
• Together with other team members,
 meet with staff of TRPAP and UNDP, in order to review the
programme in detail;
 meet and discuss with (senior) staff of TRPAP, MoCTCA,
DNPWC, NTB, NATHM LDT, UNDP, DFID, and SNV Nepal on
progress in the programme;
 meet and discuss with local district partners (DDC, VDC, Park,
CO, Buffer Zone User Groups, Functional Organizations, Buffer
Zone User Committee, BZ Management Committees, etc) in all
mentioned areas;
 meet and discuss with other governmental and non-
governmental organizations including private sector
stakeholders working in all tourist destinations, travel trade
associations such as TAAN, NATA, NATO, PATA, NMA, HAN,
REBAN, TURGAN etc;
• Prepare a Draft report to include recommendations regarding
institutional issues around TRPAP and NTB and future inputs from
donor partners,
• Take full responsibilities for the write up of the “Evaluation Report”
incorporating the report prepared by Marketing and Enterprise
Development Consultant and Social and Gender Consultant;
• Coordinate with the team members for refining of the draft
“Evaluation Report”;

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 • Taking support from other team members, debrief in a participatory
workshop to programme staff and working group/project steering
committee. A draft report shall be discussed with Project Steering
Committee of TRPAP before finalizing it; and
• Other duties as per need.
Qualification:
Academic and/or professional background preferable – Master's degree in Tourism
or a relevant discipline. S/he should have international experience in formulating
tourism strategic planning. The incumbent should be experienced in rural based
tourism development and community development; be familiar with improving
institutional mechanisms and building links between local and central governance,
and public and private sector; and having knowledge and understanding of both
conservation and development. S/He should have a working knowledge in
computer application, appreciative participatory planning and action,
coordination, monitoring and evaluation, and a proven ability of professional
report writing in English.

Position: Marketing and Enterprise Development Consultant

(National):- Member
Duty Station: Kathmandu
Duration: 1 Month
Responsibilities:
The Marketing and Enterprise Development Consultant shall work directly
under the guidance of the Team Leader - Tourism policy/planning,
institutional, integrated rural development (including conservation)
Consultant (International). While evaluating the programme, the consultant
shall maintain a close coordination with the TRPAP Programme
Management Unit. At the field level s/he will coordinate with the DDC and
VDC authorities, Park Wardens and Village Tourism Associates. At the
center the consultant will work closely with the UNDP, the concerned
agencies of the Government and the TRPAP staff. To the extent possible,
the consultant should consult any organizations of the civil society and
people participating in the programme. Although the consultant should feel
free to discuss with the concerned authorities anything relevant to its
assignment, it is not authorized to make any commitments on behalf of the
government or donor agencies. S/he will be responsible to evaluate
Marketing and Enterprise Development aspect of the programme. The
consultant will carry out following activities in general:
• Together with the team leader and other team member, meet with
staff of TRPAP, and UNDP, in order to review the programme in detail;
• Review all relevant documentation for reference purposes;
• Together with the team leader and other team member
 meet and discuss with (senior) staff of TRPAP, MoCTCA,
DNPWC, NTB, NATHM LDT, UNDP, DFID, and SNV Nepal on
progress in the programme;
 meet and discuss with local district partners (DDC, VDC, Park,
CO, Bufferzone User Groups, Functional Organisaitons, Buffer
Zone User Committee, BZ Management Committee, etc) in all
mentioned areas;

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  meet and discuss with other governmental and non-
governmental organizations including private sector
stakeholders working in all tourist destinations, travel trade
associations such as TAAN, NATA, NATO, PATA, NMA, HAN,
REBAN, TURGAN etc;
• Take full responsibility for the write-up of the Marketing and
Enterprise Development aspect of the “Evaluation Report” and
provide the report to the Team Leader;
• Support the Team Leader in debriefing in a participatory workshop to
programme staff and working group/project steering committee;
• Support the Team Leader to coordinate with team member and the
reviewers to refine the draft “Evaluation Report”; and
• Other duties as per need.

Qualification:
S/he must hold a minimum of Master's degree in Business Management
with a minimum of 5 years of relevant experience in marketing and
enterprise development activities. Previous experience in any of the areas
covered by the project in small tourism business development is a distinct
advantage. Proficient English writing and communication skills (including
word-processing). Ability to act as translator for international counterpart
and to translate written documents from /to Nepali is essential. The
candidate should have a thorough skill in computer application,
appreciative participatory planning and action, coordination, monitoring
and evaluation, and a proven ability of professional report writing in English
and Nepali.

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Position: Social and Gender Consultant (National)
Duty Station: Kathmandu
Duration: 1 Month
Responsibilities:
The Social and Gender Consultant shall work directly under the guidance of
the Team Leader - Tourism policy/planning, institutional, integrated rural
development (including conservation) Consultant (International). While
evaluating the programme, the consultant shall maintain a close
coordination with the TRPAP Programme Management Unit. At the field
level s/he will coordinate with the DDC and VDC authorities, Park Wardens
and Village Tourism Associates. At the center the consultant will work
closely with the UNDP, DFID, SNV-N, the concerned agencies of the
government and the TRPAP staff. To the extent possible, the consultant
should consult any organizations of the civil society and people
participating in the programme. Although the consultant should feel free to
discuss with the concerned authorities anything relevant to its assignment,
it is not authorized to make any commitments on behalf of the government
or donor agencies. S/he will be responsible to evaluate the Social and
Gender aspect of the programme. The consultant will carry out following
activities in general:
• Together with the team leader and other team member, meet
with staff of TRPAP, and UNDP, in order to review the programme in
detail;

• Review all relevant documentation for reference purposes;

• Together with the team leader and other team member,

 meet and discuss with (senior) staff of TRPAP, MoCTCA,

DNPWC, NTB, NATHM LDT, UNDP, DFID, and SNV Nepal on
progress in the programme;

 meet and discuss with local district partners (DDC, VDC, Park,
CO, Buffer Zone User Groups, Functional Organizations, Buffer
Zone User Committee, BZ Management Committee, etc) in all
mentioned areas;

 meet and discuss with other governmental and non-

governmental organizations including private sector
stakeholders working in all tourist destinations, travel trade
associations such as TAAN, NATA, NATO, PATA, NMA, HAN,
REBAN, TURGAN etc;

• Provide all relevant information, which are derived from

desk review and stakeholder consultation, to the team leader to
prepare the “Evaluation Report”;

• Take full responsibility for the write-up of the Social and

Gender aspect of the “Evaluation Report”;

• Support the Team Leader in debriefing in a participatory

workshop to programme staff and working group/project steering
committee; and

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 • Other duties as per need.

Qualification:
A minimum of Master's degree in sociology, gender or related area with a
minimum 5 years of progressive work experience, combining social issues
and gender is required. Preferably s/he should be familiar with the national
policy issues, priorities and institutional mechanism and programme/project
implementation. Particularly knowledge and working experience in the
formulation of projects, producing project documents and evaluating
community development and/or conservation programmes will be an asset.
S/he should be creative and have good interpersonal skills. Overall features
of excellent presentation abilities, clear articulation of ideas and effective
communication skills are required.

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