Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
AP (SG)
UPES,Dehradun
Composites
Composite material is combination of two or more
chemically unlike materials with distinct boundaries
between them.
Such materials have their own specific
properties & are usually different from their
individual material properties.
The properties such as strength, resistance to
heat or some other property of composites are
much better than the properties of individual
materials from which they are made.
Composites include the following :
Multiphase metal alloys
.
Ceramics
Polymers
Some common composites are Pearlitic steel,
wood,RCC, automobile tyres
Composites materials can be divided into 3
main classes :-
Fibre Reinforced materials
Laminated Materials
Disperse Materials
Fibre Reinforced materials: Here fibres of
. strength materials are introduced into
High
the soft & ductile matrix.
The strength of soft & ductile matrix gets
increased by high strength fibres
the resulting composite material will have
high stiffness, high Specific strength( UTS/
density),elevated temp strength & high fracture
toughness.
Fibres mainly bear the load & the matrix
transfers & distributes the external load to
the fibres.
.Also matrix protects the fibres from external
actions & imparts certain Physico chemical
.properties such as resistance to corrosion &
oxidation, electrical & thermal conductivity etc.
The properties of composite materials at
elevated temp may get affected by the
reactions occurring between the matrix &
fibres, this may result in dissolution or softening
of fibres & may also form brittle layer at
interfaces.
Fibres can be metals or nonmetals.
The common metallic fibres used in
composite materials are of Boron, Be,Mo,T,SS,
.& non metallic fibres are of C,Glass, Silica,
alumina, silicon carbide & Aramide.
Aramide is an aromatic polymaide fibre with a
very rigid molecular structure & is marked under
trade name KEVLAR.
Matrix can also be metallic or non metallic,
common metallic matrices are of Al,Cu,Titanium
alloys & nonmetallic matrices are of unsaturated
polyesters & epoxy resins.
Fibre reinforced composites have huge
diversified applications. Like helmets, car &
. bodies, bikes, vehicle tyres, aircraft parts
jeep
steel rods etc.
Laminated Materials : Here the composite
material consists of two or more layers of
unlike components. Like Laminated Plywood,
Alclad aluminum alloy, copper clad Stainless
steel .
Thermostatic controls consisting of a bimetallic
strip of copper & Ni used to control temperatures
in ovens & furnaces is also a composite material
of this type.
The properties of these composites & fibre
reinforced composites are highly sensitive to
.
direction of loading w.r.t. the direction of
lamillae or fibres.
Disperse Materials : Here the particles of one
material are distributed as a mechanical
mixture into the other (Base).
This is the same as dispersion hardening of
strengthening. Common example of such
composites are Sintered Aluminum powder,
thoriated tungsten, dispersed Nickel.
Large number of methods are available for
production of composite materials,
.
Important One are Unidirectional
solidification, infiltration of molten metal,
plasma spraying, electroplating, diffusion
bonding, P/M.