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Centrifugal Pumps
Prepared by:
Fahad D. Al-Ghamdi
OUTLINE
¾ Introduction
¾ Construction of Centrifugal Pump
¾ Principle of Operation
¾ How to pick the correct size pump for
your application?
¾ Common Problems
INTRODUCTION:
¾ Pumps are defined as machines which
supply energy to a liquid in order to move
it from place to another, which is at a
higher energy level. Pumps enable a liquid
to:
1. Flow from a region at low pressure to
one at high pressure.
2. Flow from a low level to a higher level.
3. Flow at a faster rate.
Centrifugal pumps can be
manufactured as:
¾ Rotating seal
¾ Stationary seal
¾ Elastomer type seal
¾ Single seal
¾ Dual seal
¾ Inside mounted
¾ Outside seal
¾ Cartridge seal
¾ Split seal
¾ There are many advantages of mechanical
seals over conventional packing as follows:
¾ Zero or limited leakage of product
¾ Reduced friction and power loss
¾ Elimination of shaft or sleeve wear
¾ Reduced maintenance costs
¾ Ability to seal higher pressures and more
corrosive environments
¾ The wide variety of designs allows use of
mechanical seals in almost all pump
applications
Principle of Operation
¾ A centrifugal pump consists of two main
elements:
(1) Prime mover, such as an electric motor,
steam turbine or diesel engine
(2) Rotating element of the pump called an
impeller.
¾ With the energy provided by the prime mover,
liquid enters the suction side of the pump and is
thrown by an impeller to the outside of the
casing through centrifugal force. The resulting
velocity of the existing fluid can be expressed as
pressure energy.
How to pick the correct size
pump for your application?
¾ To clearly define the capacity and
pressure needs of our system we will
construct a type of graph called a system
curve.
¾ If the system head-capacity and the pump
curves are plotted on the same graph,
their intersection will determine the head
and capacity that the pump will deliver.
This intersection is known as the pump
operating point.
System Curve
¾ The system head-capacity curve is used to
determine the head and capacity that a pump will
deliver for a given piping system.
¾ To accomplish the total head, we have
to calculate:
2
L V
hL = f
D 2 g
Moody Diagram
4) Velocity Head:
The velocity head is the kinetic energy contained in
the liquid that is being pumped at any point in the
system as is given by:
V 2
H =
2g
Where,
H = Total head developed (ft)
V = Velocity of the impeller (ft/sec)
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 32.2 (ft/sec^2)
5) Minor Head Loss:
The head of liquid that must be supplied to overcome the
loss of head through fittings and valves is the minor
head loss.
2
V
hm = K
2g
Where,
Pd V d2 ⎛ Ps V s2 ⎞
Ht = + + z d − ⎜⎜ + + z s ⎟⎟
γ 2g ⎝ γ 2g ⎠
Back
Pump Curves
The head that a pump can deliver at various flow rates
and constant speed is established in pump tests
performed by the manufacturer.
Selecting Pump Material
¾ Will you need any special materials for the pump components?
z Low Performance
z Cavitation
z Seal Leakage
z Bearings Failure
z Noise
z Vibration
THANKS
ANY QUESTIONS!!