MCQ Biology

4/23/2011 MCQ Biology
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scribd.com/doc/6509836/MCQ-Biology 1/72
70
Problem 12: Effect of high glucose concentrations
An E. coli cell is grown in the presence of high amounts of glucose. Which of the following is
true?
A. The cell will utilize lactose as a carbon source exclusively.

B. The level of cyclic AMP in the cell will be low.
C. The level of cyclic AMP in the cell will be high.

D. Transcription of mRNA from the lac operon will be high.
E. The cell will be forced to carry out fermentation.
Cyclic AMP synthesized from ATP

Control of the rate of transcription of an operons for catabolic enzymes such as the lac operon
is regulated through intracellular levels of 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP.
cAMP is synthesized from ATP by the enzyme adenyl cyclase.
The intracellular level of cAMP is in turn regulated by the intracellular concentration of

glucose. As glucose levels fall, cAMP levels rise. As glucose levels rise, cAMP levels fall.
B. The level of cyclic AMP in the cell will be low

The levels of cyclic AMP are inversely related to the levels of glucose.
71
Problem 13: Effect of high lactose and low glucose on lac operon
Which of the following growth media would you expect to result in synthesis of high levels of
mRNA for the enzymes of the E. coli lac operon?
A. high glucose, high lactose.

B. no glucose, no lactose.
C. high glucose, low lactose.

D. no glucose, high lactose.
E. none of these.
Regulation of mRNA synthesis

mRNA synthesis from the E. coli lac operon is inducible. mRNA synthesis does not occur
unless lactose is available for catabolism. To review the mechanism of induction of lac
mRNA synthesis by lactose, see problem 2.
The level of mRNA synthesis from the lac operon is also regulated by the intracellular
concentration of glucose via a mechanism called catabolite repression. To review catabolite
repression, see problems 11 and 12.
Briefly, maximum rates of lac mRNA synthesis occur only at low levels of glucose. As
suggested by the diagram, cAMP present in cells in response to low glucose levels binds to
the CRP protein and the cAMP-CRP complex enhances the level of mRNA synthesis from the
lac operon as much as 50-fold. CRP alone cannot activate transcription.
D. no glucose, high lactose.

Under high lactose and low glucose conditions, high levels of the mRNA for the lac operon
are synthesized.
72
Problem 14: Effect of the absence of glucose
An E. coli cell is grown in the absence of glucose. Which of the following will be true?
A. The level of cyclic AMP will be low.

B. The CRP protein cannot bind to the DNA.
C. If lactose is present, lac mRNA synthesis will occur at a high level.
D. The cell will manufacture glucose by fixing carbon dioxide.

E. The cell will be forced to carry out fermentation.
Regulation of lac mRNA synthesis by intracellular levels of lactose and
glucose
The table is a summary of the concepts presented in this problem set on the regulation of lac
mRNA synthesis by intracellular levels of lactose and glucose. The relative concentration of
cAMP and the relative levels of lac mRNA synthesis in the presence or absence of glucose
and lactose are shown.
Glucose cAMP Lactose lac mRNA
present low concentration absent no mRNA
present low concentration present low level of mRNA
absent high concentration absent no mRNA

absent high concentration present high level of mRNA
C. If lactose is present, lac mRNA synthesis will occur at a high level.

Lactose is metabolized if glucose is absent.
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4/23/2011 MCQ Biology

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Problem 12: Effect of high glucose concentrations

A. The cell will utilize lactose as a carbon source exclusively.

C. The level of cyclic AMP in the cell will be high.

Cyclic AMP synthesized from ATP

The intracellular level of cAMP is in turn regulated by the intracellular concentration of

B. The level of cyclic AMP in the cell will be low

mRNA for the enzymes of the E. coli lac operon?

A. high glucose, high lactose.

C. high glucose, low lactose.

Regulation of mRNA synthesis

D. no glucose, high lactose.

Problem 14: Effect of the absence of glucose

A. The level of cyclic AMP will be low.

D. The cell will manufacture glucose by fixing carbon dioxide.

Regulation of lac mRNA synthesis by intracellular levels of lactose and

absent high concentration absent no mRNA

C. If lactose is present, lac mRNA synthesis will occur at a high level.

Copyright © 2011 Scribd Inc.

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