Língua Inglesa - ENEM: Apresentação e Pronomes Pessoais

Prof.
Renato Baggio
Língua Inglesa p/ ENEM
Aula 01.

LÍNGUA INGLESA - ENEM

Professor: RENATO BAGGIO
Aula: 01
Prof. Renato Baggio www.aprovaconcursos.com.br Página 1 de 7

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 01.

Apresentação
• O professor Renato Baggio tem 39 anos é formado em Publicidade e

Propaganda e tem sua formação como professor de Inglês pela
International House de Londres, Inglaterra. Leciona há 21 anos com
experiência de 10 anos em concursos pré-vestibulares.
• Olá estimados alunos! Sejam bem vindos às aulas de Inglês! Nelas
procurarei trazer uma abordagem diferente durante nossas aulas para
que consigamos obter máximo rendimento nesse curto espaço de
tempo! Conto com a dedicação de vocês bem como com um feedback
durante nossas aulas para que possamos atender as suas
necessidades da maneira mais personalizada possível! Um ótimo curso
a todos e bons estudos!

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 01.

Inglês
Pronouns
1.1. Personal Pronouns
Há dois tipos de pronomes pessoais: os Subjective Pronouns e os Objective

Pronouns.
Os Subjective Pronouns funcionam como sujeito da frase, ou seja,
aquele que faz a ação do verbo. Por este motivo, são usados antes do verbo.
Já os Objective Pronouns funcionam como o objeto da frase, ou seja, aqueles
que sofrem a ação do verbo. Logo, são usados depois do verbo.
SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS

I ME
YOU YOU
HE HIM
SHE HER
IT IT
WE US
YOU YOU
THEY THEM
Usados Antes do Verbo Usados Depois do Verbo
Ex.: I want to talk to her about the problem.
Ex.: John and Meg study with Bob.

(He) (her)
Ex.: Jane is worried about Susan.

(She) (her)
Exercises
1. Escolha um dos pronomes em negrito que completa a frase corretamente e

reescreva-o ao lado de cada frase, no espaço dado: Depois, escolha a
alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta dos pronomes que você
escolheu.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 01.

Alzheimer's Eye
Testing for Alzheimer's disease might be as easy as going to the eye doctor.
By Victor Limjoco
October 10, 2006 | Medicine
Researchers at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital announced this

week that a laser scan for the eyes has so far been 100 percent accurate as
an early detector for Alzheimer's disease in mice.
This is proof-of-concept evidence for early detection. It says that we're on the
right track," lead researcher Lee Goldstein says. Goldstein's team used the
laser scan eye test to compare mice that were genetically engineered to
develop Alzheimer's with normal mice. The laser scan found beta-amyloid
protein in the eyes of the Alzheimer's mice well before any evidence was
shown in the brain. In Alzheimer's patients the betaamyloid protein ultimately
builds up into plaques between nerve cells in the brain. The laser directs a
low-intensity beam of light into the lens of the eye, which bounces off of
specific particles, similar to how the sun's light bounces off particles of water
in clouds. This produces a "scatter pattern," which scientists use to look for
beta-amyloid protein inthe eye. According to the National Institute on Aging,
Alzheimer's disease affects up to 4.5 million Americans. Alzheimer's patients
start to forget loved ones, dates, or how to do simple math. As the disease
progresses, Alzheimer's patients can lose the ability to care for themselves
and even to speak. In 2003, oldstein and others published in The Lancet that
the beta-amyloid protein can be found in the eyes of Alzheimer's patients.
"This was the first evidence outside of the brain that Alzheimer's was a
systemic disorder," he says. "That's important because it allows us to
monitor the progression of the disease in parts of the body other than the
brain." Goldstein says that these tests could mean better therapy options for
those diagnosed early, potentially decades before lesions form in the brain.
"Alzheimer's disease is very difficult to diagnose at any age," he says. "But in
order for us to treat this disease we must be able to diagnose it early and
intervene early."
Goldstein's eye test is now in the first stage of experimental trials in people.
Fonte: http://www.discover.com/web-exclusives/detectingalzheimers-
eye-scan/ Acesso em 14/10/06.
2. De acordo com o texto, o ‘laser scan’ nos olhos representa um grande
avanço nas pesquisas
sobre o mal de Alzheimer porque:
a) Propicia o diagnóstico de enfermidades paralelas (perda da fala e da memória,
depressão) em pacientes portadores da doença e o encaminhamento destes a
terapias adequadas.
b) Detecta plaquetas da proteína ‘beta-amyloid’ entre as células nervosas do
cérebro.
c) reduz a probabilidade de pacientes portadores da Alzheimer desenvolverem
cegueira em estágio avançado da doença.
d) Oferece 100% de exatidão para detectar o mal de Alzheimer em mulheres.
e) Possibilita verificar a presença da proteína ‘beta-amyloid’ e, conseqüentemente,
efetuar o diagnóstico precoce da doença.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 01.

3. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que:

a) Os testes foram feitos inicialmente em ratos, com grande precisão, e agora estão
começando a ser realizados em pessoas.
b) Após testes realizados em norte-americanos, o ‘laser scan’ será em breve
disponibilizado para uso comercial.
c) O mal de Alzheimer, difícil de ser diagnosticado, dispõe, no entanto, de muitas
opções de terapia.
d) O feixe de luz emitido pelo ‘laser scan’ desencadeia uma reação nas partículas
de água dos olhos dos pacientes de Alzheimer, produzindo a proteína ‘beta-
amyloid’.
e) A proteína ‘beta-amyloid’ causa desordem sistêmica no cérebro do portador de
Alzheimer.
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an
American singer-songwriter, actor, dancer, businessman, and philanthropist.
Called the king of Pop, his contributions to music, dance, and fashion, along
with his publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture
for over four decades.
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_jackson (acesso em 04/07/2014)
4. The words his and him refer to Michael Jackson.

( ) certo
( ) errado
GABARITO
1-A
2-E
3-A
4 - CERTO
Exercises
In the twentieth century, architects in large cities designed structures in a way

that reduced noise and yet made living as comfortable as possible. They used
such techniques as making walls hollow and filling this wall space with
materials that absorb noise. Thick carpets and heavy curtains were used to
cover floors and windows. Air conditioners and furnaces were designed to
filter air through soundproofing materials. However, after much time and
effort had been spent in making buildings less noisy, it was discovered that
people also reacted adversely to the lack of sound. Now architects are
designing structures which reduce undesirable noise but retain the kind of
noise that people seem to need.
(Jolene Gear & Robert Gear)
Vocabulary :
Noise: barulho
Hollow: vazio
Fill: preencher
Furnace: forno
Lack: ausência; falta de
Retain: manter:

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 01.

01. Na linha 2, “they” refere-se a:

a) architects
b) cities
c) structures
d) techniques
e) materials
02. A alternativa cujo conteúdo não é mencionado como um amortecedor do

som é:
a) Thick carpets and heavy curtains
b) Filled hollow walls
c) Air conditioners and furnaces
d) Soundproof material
e) Air filters
03. Atualmente, os arquitetos estão projetando:

a) o barulho ideal.
b) estruturas com um pouco de barulho.
c) construções adversas.
d) técnicas barulhentas.
e) novas técnicas de impedir o barulho.
04. As pessoas vivem mais confortavelmente com:

a) noisy furnaces
b) silence
c) reduced noise
d) undesirable noises
e) heavy curtains
Gabarito
1-a
2-e
3-b
4-c
Complete as frases com o Objective Pronoun correto (me, you, him, etc.), de
acordo com as palavras destacadas.
a. Lucy is very happy today. It’s good to see ________ like that.
b. I like this computer game but I don’t have enough money to buy ________.
c. She always plays tennis with me. Do you want to come along and play with ____
____.
d. I don’t understand what they are saying. Do you understand ________?
e. Let’s go to the cinema after work. Please call ________ at 7:00p.m. I’ll be waiting
for you call.
Gabarito
a) her
b) it

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 01.

c) us
d) them
e) me

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 02.


Aula: 02

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 02.

Inglês
Pronouns
1.0. Possessive Pronouns
Há dois tipos de pronomes possessivos: Os Possessive Adjectives e os

Possessive Pronouns.
Os Possessive Adjectives são seguidos de um substantivo.

Já os Possessive Pronouns não podem ser seguidos de um substantivo. Eles
são usados depois do substantivo ao qual se referem, para evitar
redundância.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
MY MINE
YOUR YOURS
HIS HIS
HER HERS
ITS ITS
OUR OURS
YOUR YOURS
THEIR THEIRS
Antes do Substantivo Depois do Substantivo
Ex.: I have my friends and you have your friends.

I have my friends and you have yours.
Ex.: These are my books. Where are your books?

These are my books. Where are yours?
1.3. Reflexive Pronouns
Os pronomes reflexivos concordam com os pronomes pessoais (sujeitos das

frases). Eles podem se referir ao sujeito ou ao objeto da frase.
Os pronomes reflexivos possuem 3 usos:
a) Uso reflexivo
b) Uso enfático
c) Uso idiomático

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 02.

SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
I MYSELF
YOU YOURSELF
HE HIMSELF
SHE HERSELF
IT ITSELF
WE OURSELVES
YOU YOURSELVES
THEY THEMSELVES
a) Uso reflexivo – para indicar que a ação reflete-se no próprio causador:

Ex.: The man cut himself.
b) Uso enfático – para dar ênfase (destaque) a uma pessoa ou objeto:

I myself fixed the computer.
Jane herself cleaned the house.
c) Uso idiomático – é freqüentemente usado com a preposição “by” para substituir

a palavra “ALONE” (=só; sozinho):
I finished the report alone. = I finished the report by myself.
Exercises
Take the Stairs
“Take the stairs” is a common exercise tip in lifestyle behavior modification programs,
once strictly a mainstay of alternative health clinics and now part of everyday medicine at
the country’s biggest hospitals and clinics. The accessible act of bypassing the escalator
or elevator can help keep off pounds and even extend your life, according to research. As
one study at Cleveland Clinic showed, covering two flights of stairs daily can result in a
loss of up to 1010 pounds in a year. Other findings indicate that using the stairs 10
minutes per day can add one to two years to your life.
From Seattle Times,August 13, 2000
Vocabulary:
Tip: dica
Health: saúde
Escalator: escada rolante
Stairs: escada

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 02.

Flight of stair: lance de escada
1. Mark the FALSE statement.

a) Taking the stairs can make one’s life longer.
b) Climbing stairs regularly can result in weight loss.
c) The treatment offered by alternative health clinics is more accessible and healthier.
d) The advantages of taking the stairs are supported by scientific research.
e) The use of stairs is now recommended in health treatments.
2. Escolha as alternativas corretas:

I. O texto sugere que deveríamos optar mais pelas escadas ao invés de
elevadores e escadas rolantes.
II. Optar por usar escadas ao invés de elevadores pode emagrecer.
III. Usar a escada pode aumentar a expectativa de vida.
Com relação às afirmações anteriores:

a) Todas são falsas.
b) Apenas a II é falsa.
c) As alternativas I e III são verdadeiras.
d) Todas são verdadeiras.
e) As alternativas II e III são falsas.
3. The main purpose of this passage is to (o principal objetivo do texto é):
a) Inform people about the benefits of taking the stairs.

b) Criticize those who prefer to take the elevators and escalators.
c) Argue that taking the stairs is the latest fashion in health clinics.
d) Complain against people who do not work out on a daily basis.
e) Present an efficient substitute for a low-fat diet.
4. Na frase “Take the stairs is a common exercise tip”, a palavra ‘common’ é o

mesmo que:
a) unimportant
b) simple
c) easy
d) important
e) insignificant
5. Em qual fonte impressa é mais provável encontrarmos um texto como este?

a) Gibi
b) Dicionário
c) Revista de Modas
d) Enciclopédia
e) Artigo de revista científica
6. Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronouns:
a) I __myself___ did all the work.

b) The children went to the cinema by __themselves____.
c) You have to speak for __yourself____. I don’t want to get involved in this problem.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 02.

d) We enjoyed __ourselves_____ a lot last weekend.

e) The computer ___itself____ is good but my secretary doesn’t know how to use it very
well.
Gabarito
1-C
2-D
3-A
4-B
5-E
6
a) myself
b) themselves
c) yourself
d) ourselves
e) itself

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 03


Aula: 03

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 03

Inglês
SIMPLE PRESENT
1.1. CONCEITO
O Simple Present é mais usado para falar de coisas que acontecem

habitualmente e verdades absolutas, entretanto, ele pode ainda ser usado
para falar do futuro ou até mesmo do passado!
1.2. VERB TO BE
I AM I’M
YOU ARE YOU’RE
HE HE’S
SHE IS SHE’S
IT IT’S
WE ARE WE’RE
YOU ARE YOU’RE
THEY ARE THEY’RE
VERB TO BE = SER / ESTAR
Ex.: I am a doctor. = Eu sou um médico.

Ex.: I am tired. = Eu estou cansado
Ex.: They are students. = Eles são alunos.

Ex.: They are worried about the test. = Eles estão preocupados com a prova.
VERB TO BE - FORM
Affirmative
Ex.: I am tired.
Negative
Ex.: I am not tired. / I’m not tired.
Interrogative
Ex.: Am I tired?
Ex.: Why am I tired?

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 03

1)
Affirmative
Ex.: She is beautiful.
Negative
Ex.: She isn’t beautiful.
Interrogative
Ex.: Is she beautiful?
2)
Affirmative
Ex.: We are lost.
Negative
Ex.: We aren’t lost.
Interrogative
Ex.: Are we lost?
1.3. ESTRUTURA
Como saber se um verbo está no Simple Present no texto da prova?
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I WORK I DON’T WORK DO I WORK
YOU WORK YOU DON’T WORK DO YOU WORK

HE HE HE
SHE WORKS SHE DOESN’T WORK DOES SHE WORK
IT IT IT
WE WORK WE DON’T WORK DO WE WORK
THEY WORK THEY DON’T WORK DO THEY WORK

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 03

SIMPLE PRESENT - FORM
1)
Affirmative
Ex.: I like to read.
Negative
Ex.: I don’t like to read.
Interrogative
Ex.: Do you like to read? > Why do you like to read?
2)
Affirmative
Ex.: She likes to read.
Negative
Ex.: She doesn’t like to read.
Interrogative
Ex.: Does she like to read?
1.4. USO
a) AÇÕES HABITUAIS
Ex.: Josh usually travels to the beach at weekends.
b) FATOS
Ex.: The moon is our natural satellite.
c) FUTURO PROGRAMADO
Ex.: The bus leaves at 10 o’clock.
d) PASSADO
Ex.: In 1945 the World War II ends.
EXERCISES
Some Keys to a Better Night’s Sleep
Sleep is a basic human need, as basic as the need for oxygen. Getting a good
night’s sleep is not only directly related to how we feel the next day, but to our
long-term health as well. Still, many of us suffer from at least occasional insomnia.
This makes us feel ill and irritated. This is a serious problem. If you think
otherwise, consider this. People who sleep four hours or less per night are tend to
lose six years of their lives comparing to those who sleep for eight hours.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 03

Many experts give suggestions on how to sleep better because this helps us stay
healthy:
1- If you can’t sleep in the middle of the night, don’t get up. Stay in bed;
2- Get regular exercise each day, but finish at least six hours before going to bed;
3- Take a hot bath for thirty minutes before going to bed to help you relax;
4- Keep your bedroom quiet, dark and well ventilated;
5- Don’t drink alcohol. It makes you fell sleepy at first, but later it has the opposite
effect.
1. Assinale a alternativa correta:

a) “Dormir bem” não tem nada a ver com “ter boa saúde”.
b) Tomar um bom banho quente de meia hora ajuda a relaxar.
c) As pessoas que dormem melhor tendem a viver o mesmo número de anos que as
pessoas que tem insônia.
d) De acordo com o texto, insônia não é um problema sério.
e) Dormir é mais importante para os seres humanos do que o oxigênio
2. De acordo com o texto, dormir mal pode:

a) Prejudicar a oxigenação do cérebro.
b) Prolongar o tempo de vida das pessoas.
c) Prejudicar apenas o humor das pessoas somente no dia seguinte.
d) Prejudicar nossos familiares
e) Prejudicar a saúde a longo prazo.
3. Qual das dicas abaixo para se dormir bem está correta?

a) Fique na cama mesmo depois de conseguir dormir bem.
b) Faça exercícios às 6 da manhã.
c) Tome um banho quente para ajudar a relaxar.
d) Não deixe o quarto muito escuro e com muito vento, pois atrapalha.
e) Beba um “drink” pois ajuda a relaxar e dá sono.
Gabarito:
1-b
2-e
3-c
Read the text:

Working women in Japan are more likely to be married than not these days, a sharp
reversal of the traditional pattern. But for most of them, continuing to work after the
wedding is an easier choice than having children.
Despite some tentative attempts by government and business to make the working world
and parenthood compatible, mothers say Japan’s business culture remains unfriendly to
them. Business meetings often begin at 6 p.m. or later, long hours of unpaid overtime are
expected and companies routinely transfer employees to different cities for years. As a
result, many women are choosing work over babies, causing the Japanese birthrate to
fall to a record low in 1999 – average 1.34 babies per woman – an added wore for this
aging nation.
(The Washington Post National Weekly Edition. August 21,
2000)

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 03

1. According to the passage, the majority of working women in Japan:
a) expect to stop working after getting married.

b) do not like the idea of having children.
c) are choosing to remain single in order to keep their jobs.
d) have been afraid to fight against traditional roles.
e) would rather keep their jobs than have children.
2. Which of these statements is true according to the passage?
a. The Japanese birthrate used to be much lower.

b. The percentage of marriages in Japan has fallen lately.
c. The Japanese population is getting older.
d. Japan’s population has stopped growing since 1999.
e. Working women do not have more than one child.
3. A palavra "Despite" pode ser traduzida por:

a) Por causa de
b) Além do mais
c) Consequentemente
d) Assim sendo
e) Apesar de
GABARITO
1-e
2-c
3-e

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 04.


Aula: 04

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 04.

Inglês
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
1.1. CONCEITO
Também chamado de Present Progressive, normalmente O Present

Continuous é usado para indicar uma ação que está acontecendo agora
(neste momento) e que ainda não acabou. Ele pode, entretanto, indicar outros
tipos de ação como veremos adiante.
1.2. Present Continuous - FORM
O Present Continuous é formado pelo Verbo To Be no presente, acrescido de

outro verbo na forma do Gerúndio.
Ex.: I am studying now.
Affirmative
Ex.: My father is working now.
Negative
Ex.: My father isn’t working now.
Interrogative
Ex.: Is my father working now?
Ex.: Why is my father working now?
1.3. USO
a) AÇÕES EM ANDAMENTO
Ex.: Jane is studying in her room now.
b) AÇÕES TEMPORÁRIAS
Ex.: I am living with some friends until the end of the month.
c) FUTURO PLANEJADO
Ex.: We are traveling to London next month.
d) AÇÕES REPETIDAS
Ex.: My car is always breaking down.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 04.

CUIDADO!
Tudo o que está acontecendo possui ING mas nem tudo o que possui ING
está acontecendo!
COMPARE:
1 – Smoking is bad for you.
(Fumar faz mal à você.)
2 – I like dancing
(Eu gosto de dançar)
3 – I am interested in learning French.

(Eu estou interessado em aprender francês.)
4 – It is a boring movie.
(É um filme chato.)
Exercise
Read the text
Ask women what disease they fear most, and the vast majority will
answer: breast cancer. They may even cite the ominous statistic that 1 in 8
women will develop breast cancer at some point in her life. But what most
women don’t realize is that they actually have far more to fear from heart
disease, which will strike 1 out of every 3. More than 2 million European
women die each year of cardiovascular disease – that’s 43% of all deaths –
making their hearts, not breast cancer (with 5% of deaths annually), their No 1
killer.
Women and heart disease? Better believe it. For while most people still
think of cardiovascular trouble as mainly a man’s problem, the reality is that
heart disease has never discriminated between the sexes. In fact, for a variety
of complex reasons, the condition is more often fatal in women than in men
and is more likely to leave women severely disabled by a stroke or congestive
heart failure. True, women don’t usually start showing signs until their 60s –
about 10 years after men first develop symptoms. And hormones seem to
play a protective role in women before menopause. But the common belief
that premenopausal women are immune to heart problems is just plain wrong.
In Britain alone, heart disease kills over 1,500 women younger than 45 each
year.
1. The text says that:

a) breast cancer has been women’s top killer.
b) men tend to experience heart attacks earlier than women.
c) hormones protect women over sixty from heart disease.
d) men’s cardiovascular systems demand more special attention than
women’s.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 04.

e) women but not men may be disabled by heart failure.
2. What does “the vast majority” (line 1) refer to?

a) premenopausal women.
b) European women.
c) disabled women.
d) British women.
e) women in general.
Gabarito
1-b
2-e
3. Marque um “X” na letra F para as frases que estiverem dando a idéia de futuro e A
para as frases que estiverem dando a idéia de ações em andamento.
a) Paul is washing his car. ( )F ( )A

b) Steven is going back to Canada next month. ( )F ( )A
c) Jenniffer isn’t coming to the party. She is sick. ( )F ( )A
d) I’m waiting for the show to start. ( )F ( )A
e) Please don`t open the window. I am feeling cold. ( )F ( )A
Circle the letter with the correct answers:

a) F - A - F - A - A
b) A - F - F - A - A
c) A - F - A - A - F
d) A - A - F - A - A
e) F - F - F - A - A
Gabarito
3-b

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 05.


Aula: 05

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 05.

Inglês
SIMPLE PAST
1.1. CONCEITO
O Simple Past é um tempo verbal usado para indicar ações completas no

passado com tempo definido.
1.2. VERB TO BE
I WAS
YOU WERE
HE
SHE WAS
IT
WE WERE
YOU WERE
THEY WERE
VERB TO BE = SER / ESTAR
Ex.: I was sick last night.

Eu estava doente noite passada.
Ex.: I was short when I was a kid.

Eu era baixo quando era criança.
Ex.: They were tired after the game.

Eles estavam cansados depois do jogo.
Ex.: They were friends in the past.

Eles eram amigos no passado.
VERB TO BE - FORM
Affirmative
Ex.: She was tired.
Negative
Ex.: She wasn’t tired.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 05.

Interrogative
Ex.: Was she tired?
Ex.: Why was she tired?
1.3. ESTRUTURA
Além do verbo To Be, há dois tipos de verbos no Simple Past. Os Verbos

Regulares e os Verbos Irregulares.
REGULAR VERBS – São acrescidos de “ED” ao final do verbo para formar o

passado.
Ex.:
Work – worked
Watch – watched
IRREGULAR VERBS - Não são acrescidos de “ED” para formar o passado.

Ex.:
Go – went
Cut – cut
SIMPLE PAST- FORM

1)
Affirmative
Ex.: I worked a lot yesterday.
Negative
Ex.: I didn’t work a lot yesterday.
Interrogative
Ex.: Did you work a lot yesterday?
2)
Affirmative
Ex.: She went out last night.
Negative
Ex.: She didn’t go out last night.
Interrogative
Ex.: Did she go out last night?
Exercises
Smallpox was the first widespread disease to be eliminated by human intervention,

In May, 1966, the World Health Organization (WHO), an agency of the United Nations,
was authorized to initiate a global campaign to eradicate smallpox. The goal was to
eliminate the disease in one decade. At the time, the disease posed a serious threat
to people in more than thirty nations. Because similar projects for malaria and yellow
fever had failed, few believed that smallpox could actually be eradicated, but eleven

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 05.

years after the initial organization of the campaign, no cases were reported in the
field.
The strategy was not only to provide mass vaccinations but also to isolate patients
with active smallpox in order to contain the spread of the disease and to break the
chain of human transmission. Rewards for reporting smallpox assisted in motivating
the public to aid health workers. One by one, each smallpox victim was sought out,
removed from contact with others, and treated. At the same time, the entire village
where the
victim had lived was vaccinated.
By April of 1978, WHO officials announced that they had isolated the last known case
of the disease, but health workers continued to search for new cases for two
additional years to be completely sure. In May, 1980, a formal statement was made to
the global community. Today smallpox is no longer a threat to humanity. Routine
vaccinations have been stopped worldwide.
Vocabulary
Smallpox : varíola
1- Para atingir o objetivo proposto, a WHO usou da seguinte estratégia:

a) Apenas vacinação em massa em todo o mundo.
b) Higienização dos locais infectados.
c) Isolamento de doentes e vacinação em massa.
d) Cobertura intensa e divulgação de áreas contaminadas.
e) Contou com o apoio irrestrito dos governos locais.
2- A leitura do texto permite - nos dizer que

I - seu título poderia ser " The eradication of smallpox ".
II - poucos acreditaram na proposta apresentada pela WHO.
III- a campanha durou menos que onze anos para ser concluída.
IV- o sucesso somente foi alcançado porque havia muitos recursos.
V - a WHO precipitou-se ao anunciar suas conquistas.
Assinale a alternativa correta.

a) Apenas I e II estão corretas.
b) Apenas III e IV estão corretas
c) Apenas II e V estão corretas.
d) Apenas III e V estão corretas.
e) Todas estão corretas.
3- A população foi especialmente motivada a contribuir com a campanha da WHO e a

auxiliar os sanitaristas
a) com o uso de recompensas pelos casos identificados.
b) por meio de campanhas educativas e informativas.
c) na vacinação dos indivíduos contaminados.
d) participando espontaneamente em vacinações.
e) doando recursos financeiros e seu tempo livre.
4- Podemos também inferir que

I - em 1998 não foram relatados novos casos de varíola.
II - a malária e a febre amarela foram eliminadas.
III - atualmente vítimas de varíola só morrem se não tratadas.
IV - a varíola não é transmissível de um indivíduo a outro.
V - a vacina contra a varíola é obrigatória em todo o mundo.
Assinale a alternativa correta.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 05.

a) Somente III e IV estão corretas.
b) Somente I e IV estão corretas.
c) Somente II e V estão corretas.
d) Somente I está correta.
e) Somente I , III e V estão corretas.
Gabarito
1-B
2-A
3-A
4-D

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 06.


Aula: 06

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 06.

PAST CONTINUOUS
1.1. CONCEITO
O Past Continuous é usado para nos referirmos a algo que estava
acontecendo em torno de um momento específico no passado ou que estava
acontecendo o tempo todo num período de tempo no passado.
1.2. Past Continuous - FORM

O Past Continuous é formado pelo Verbo To Be no passado acrescido de
outro verbo na forma do Gerúndio.
Ex.: I was studying when you called me last night.
PAST CONTINUOUS- FORM
Affirmative
Ex.: John was studying.
Negative
Ex.: John wasn’t studying.
Interrogative
Ex.: Was John studying?
Ex.: What was John studying?
1.3. USO
a) O Past Continuous é usado juntamente com o Simple Past quando dizemos
que algo aconteceu enquanto outra ação estava em andamento.
Ex.: I was taking a shower when Jane called me.
b) O Past Continuous pode ainda ser usado para indicar duas ações que
estavam acontecendo simultaneamente.
Ex.: Bob was studying while Jane was cooking.
CUIDADO! CAREFUL! CUIDADO! CAREFUL!

Tudo o que está acontecendo possui ING mas nem tudo o que possui ING
está acontecendo!
COMPARE:
1 Smoking is bad for you.
(Fumar faz mal à você.)

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 06.

2 – I like dancing
(Eu gosto de dançar)
3 – I am interested in learning French.
(Eu estou interessado em aprender francês.
4 – It is a boring movie.
(É um filme chato.
Exercises
1. Complete the sentences with the Simple Past or the Past Continuous of the
verbs in brackets:
a) As I _____________ (drive) home, a policeman

__________ (stop) me and _______ (ask) me for my
driving license.
b) Last night when I ________ (arrive) home, my

parents _______________ (have) dinner.
c) The secretary ___________ (type) a letter when her boss _______ (ask) her
for some coffee.
d) When I __________ (wake) up this morning it _______________ (rain).
Gabarito
a) was driving / stopped / asked
b) arrived / were having
c) was typing / asked
d) woke / was raining
CONJUNCTIONS
1.1. CONCEITO
Conjunções são palavras que unem orações em frases. Além de formar
frases, as conjunções também nos mostram como os significados de tais
orações estão relacionados, dão sentido e coerência ao texto deixando-o
mais bem articulado.
As conjunções podem ser coordenativas ou subordinativas.

As conjunções coordenativas unem duas orações que são gramaticalmente
independentes uma da outra. (and ; or; but; etc.)
Ex.: I like music. I don’t play any musical instrument.
I like music but I don’t play any musical instrument.
As conjunções subordinativas servem para unir uma oração que é parte de

outra, ou seja, uma oração que depende da outra. Por isso, tal oração é
chamada de oração subordinada.
(because; although; when; etc.)
Ex.: I don’t smoke. It is bad for my health.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 06.

I don’t smoke because it is bad for my health.
Conjunção Tradução
And e
But mas
Or ou
Although/though embora
However apesar de; entretanto
In spite of/despite apesar de
When quando
Whenever sempre que
While enquanto; enquanto que
As soon as logo que
Till/ until até
In order to a fim de
So that de modo que
Because por que
As porque; , assim que
Since desde; já que; porque
Therefore portanto
Nevertheless todavia; contudo
Besides além de

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 06.

Moreover além do mais
Unless a menos que
EXERCISES
Read the text:
One More Reason To Eat Your Veggies

If you’re worried about prostate cancer, it might pay to eat an apple a day. Or an
onion. Researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., report that a natural
substance called Quercetin significantly reduced the ability of prostate tumor cells to
absorb the hormone they need to develop and proliferate. Quercetin is found in
apples, onions, leafy vegetables, green and
black tea, beans, and red wine. The team, led by Dr. Nianzeng Xing, cautioned that
the study has been done only on cancer cells cultivated in the lab, and Quercetin
hasn’t been tested in human patients. But it has two advantages as a potential
treatment: it is abundant and safe.
Prostate cancer, the most common cancer in men, will strike 198,100 Americans
this year and kill 31,500, according to the American Cancer Society. Existing
treatments have severe side effects, so scientists have been searching for a safer
one. The researchers found that Quercetin reduced prostate cancer cells’
absorption of androgens, the male hormones that stimulate prostate cancer. Next,
the Mayo team will test Quercetin in mice that have been bioengineered to develop
prostate cancer.
(In: Business Week, April 9, 2001. p. 106.)
01. Pode-se dizer que a intenção principal do texto é:

a) Apresentar um relato preliminar de uma pesquisa que visa a prevenção do câncer de
próstata.
b) Incentivar a ingestão de frutas e legumes no combate à célula cancerosa denominada
Quercetina.
c) Questionar os efeitos colaterais apresentados por uma substância que combate o
câncer de próstata.
d) Discutir um trabalho científico sobre os hormônios absorvidos pelas células
cancerosas em sua proliferação.
e) Relatar uma pesquisa sobre a mortalidade de homens americanos decorrente de
câncer de próstata.
02. O estudo mencionado no texto foi realizado pela equipe liderada pelo Dr.
Nianzeng Xing em:
a) Homens norte-americanos de meia-idade.
b) Diversos tipos de ratos geneticamente modificados.
c) Frutas e vegetais modificados em laboratório.
d) Células cancerosas cultivadas em laboratório.
e) Ratos tratados com o objetivo de desenvolver câncer de próstata.
GABARITO

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 06.

1-A
2-D
Arctic E&P activity heats up

By Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor
Not Mexico, not Brazil. The next offshore frontier
is the Arctic, according to Andrew Reid, CEO of energy
analysts Douglas-Westwood Company. “More than
400 fields have been discovered to date in the Arctic,
5 providing reserves in excess of 240 Bboe (billions of
barrels of oil equivalent)” Reid said. He was a guest
speaker at a recent conference of the International
Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), an agency
that has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and
10 gas drilling industry since 1940. Reid also affirmed
that “There is no doubt that further drilling activity in
this region could have a major impact on offshore
production in the foreseeable future.”
Meanwhile, Infield Systems Ltd. has identified
15 more than 130 Bboe in discovered oil, gas, and
condensate reserves throughout the offshore arctic
and sub-arctic regions. Around 114 Bboe are gas
reserves, and 16 Bbbl (billions of barrels) are oil.
Infield’s additional report on offshore arctic oil and gas
20 prospects through 2017 includes current and future
offshore oil and gas developments within the Arctic
Circle, and in the “sub-arctic” regions of Sakhalin
Island, the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern
Canada, and the Cook Inlet off Alaska.
25Arctic capital expenditure should increase more
than $7 billion annually through 2017. Russia, with
its reserves, should largely drive this expenditure,
especially during 2013-2015, assuming the
Shtokman project goes ahead. This project includes
30 a comprehensive development of satellites in the
Barents Sea, and joint development of the
Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 06.

Pechora Sea.
Prirazlomnaya is the first offshore ice-resistant
35 stationary platform designed and built in Russia
measuring 126 m (413 ft) wide by 126 m long. With a
weight of 117,000 tons, the platform can accommodate
a crew of up to 200, and provide year-round operation.
The platform is designed to withstand temperatures
40 that can drop to −50º C (−58º F) during winter, and ice
formation – the location is typically free from ice for
110 days each year.
The platform will provide drilling, production, and oil
storage services, along with preparation and shipment
45 of final products from the Prirazlomnoye field. Gazprom
expects to drill up to 40 directional wells. Dutch
contractor Tideway has been dumping 100,000 metric
tons of stone (110,231 tons) as an erosion protection
system around the platform to secure it to the seabed.
50 The development is targeting annual production of
more than 6 million tons (43.8 MMbbl). Associated
produced gas will be used for the platform’s needs.
Production operations are scheduled to start this year.
Offshore Magazine. May 2, 2012 . Volume 72, Issue 5
Available at: <http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/
volume-72/issue-5/international-report/arctic-e-p-activity-heats-up.html>.
Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.
11 According to Text I, it is clear that

(A) IADC has worked for drilling contractors’ interests worldwide for over 70 years. (B)
Andrew Reid is anticipating reserves in excess of 240 Bboe for Mexico.
(C) the Arctic will be exploited by Douglas-Westwood Company.
(D) the Arctic will have drilling difficulties in its foreseeable future, concerning oil
extraction.
12 According to Text I, Infield Systems Ltd has

(A) located 16 Bbbl of oil throughout the offshore arctic and sub-arctic regions.
(B) reported 114 Bboe of gas prospects.
(C) started exploring the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern Canada, but will only
include the Cook Inlet off Alaska in 2017.
(D) found 130 Bboe in oil and gas on Sakhalin Island.
13 According to Text I, if the Shtokman project goes ahead, it

(A) will make Arctic capital expenditure decrease.
(B) will increase in a total of $7 billions until 2017.
(C) will reopen during 2013-2015 in a joint development of the Prirazlomnoye and
Dolginskoye fields .
(D) will include development of both Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the
Pechora Sea.
14 According to Text I, the platform will NOT provide

(A) gas storage

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 06.

(B) oil drilling

(C) transportation of final products
(D) preparation of final products
15 In Text I, the idea expressed by the word in boldface type is described in

(A) frontier (line 1) – country
(B) guest (line 6) – invited
(C) doubt (line 11) – certainty
(D) further (line 11) – within
Gabarito:
11 - A
12 - A
13 - D
14 - A
15 - B

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 07.


Aula: 07

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 07.

Inglês
PRESENT PERFECT
1.1. CONCEITO
É uma outra forma de indicar o passado, embora ele seja um tempo presente.
O Present Perfect sempre fala do agora.
Compare:
1- He has lost his key. (Present Perfect)
(Ele não tem a chave agora)
2 - He lost his key. (Simple Past)

(Não se sabe se ele tem a chave ou não... só se sabe que ele a perdeu em
algum momento no passado)
1.2. Present Perfect - form

Como reconhecer a estrutura do Present Perfect no texto?
O Present Perfect é formado a partir do auxiliar HAVE e do verbo principal no
Passado Particípio.
Ex.: I have seen an accident.
I HAVE I’VE
YOU HAVE YOU’VE
HE HE’S
SHE HAS SEEN = SHE’S SEEN
IT IT’S
WE HAVE WE’VE
THEY HAVE THEY’VE
Affirmative
Ex.: I have seen this movie before.
Negative
Ex.: I haven’t seen this movie before.
Interrogative
Ex.: Have you seen this movie before?
Where have you seen this movie before?

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 07.

Affirmative
Ex.: She’s seen this movie before.
Negative
Ex.: She hasn’t seen this movie before.
Interrogative
Ex.: Has she seen this movie before?
Where has she seen this movie before?
QUAL A DIFERENÇA ENTRE O SIMPLE PAST E O PRESENT PERFECT?

SIMPLE PAST PRESENT PERFECT
1) Ações completas no passado. 1) Ações “continuam”no presente.
Ex.: I studied Cantonese for 2 years. Ex.: I have studied Cantonese for 2 years.
2) Não possui relação com o presente. 2) Possui resultado ou consequência no
Ex.: I broke my leg. presente.
Ex.: I have broken my leg.
EXERCISES
Hiroshima and Nagasaki – Should the Bombs have been Dropped?
On August 6th, 1945, at 8:16 a.m., the first atomic bomb exploded in
Hiroshima, Japan. On August t 9th, 1945, at approximately 11:01a.m., the
second atomic bomb exploded in Nagasaki, Japan.
The bomb which was dropped on Hiroshima carried the equivalent of
20,000 tons of TNT. Everything within four square miles was desolated. The
bomb dropped in Nagasaki contained the equivalent of 21,000 tons of TNT,
and destroyed everything within three square miles.
Many years after the bombing of Japan, many people still question the
decision of Truman to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Some say it was an immoral act of injustice, yet others say it was the only
way to stop the war. Nevertheless, after the damages were assessed,
everybody realized what a horrible and fatal mistake it was – in fact, the
atomic bomb had done more harm than good.
01. Write T (true) or F (false) to the statements according to the text:

a) Hiroshima had been evacuated before the bomb exploded in 1945.
b) Nagasaki was destroyed by a second atomic bomb 3 days after the first
explosion in Hiroshima.
c) Many people think the use of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was
the only way to stop World War II.
d) After the atomic bomb was dropped, everybody realized that it was really
the best thing that could be done.
e) It is believed that there were other ways to stop the war.
Circle the correct letter.

a) F – T – T – F – T

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 07.

b) T – F – T – F – T
c) F – F – T – T – F
d) T – T – T – F – F
02. Mark an “X” to the correct statement(s) based on the text:

I. In the sentence, “It carried with it the equivalent of 20,000 tons of TNT”; the
word “it” refers to the “atomic bomb”.
II. In the sentence, “…yet others say it was the only way to stop the war”; the
word yet could be replaced by still, without changing the meaning of the
sentence.
III. The sentence “Many years after the bombing of Japan…” is in the Present
Continuous tense.
Which are the correct letters?

a) I and III
b) II and III
c) I, II and III
d) I and II
03. Circle the only correct sentence according to the text:

a) The bomb was not a mistake. It was the only way to stop the war.
b) Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by the same bomb.
c) Many people believe Truman’s decision to drop the bomb was wrong.
d) The bombs destroyed a lot of things but they were good in the end.
Gabarito
1-A
2-D
3-C
Tomatoes
An unemployed man is desperate to support his family. His wife watches TV

all day and his three teenage kids have dropped out of high school. He
applies for a janitor's job at a large firm and easily passes an aptitude test.
The human resources manager tells him, "You will be hired at minimum wage
of $5.15 an hour. Let me have your e-mail address so that we can
automatically e-mail you all the documents and tell you when to start and
where to report on your first day."
Taken back, the man protests that he is poor and has neither a computer nor
an e-mail address. To this the manager replies, "You must understand that to
a company like ours that means that you virtually do not exist. Without an e-
mail address you can hardly expect to be employed by a high-tech firm. Good
day."
Stunned, the man leaves. Not knowing where to turn and having $10 in his
wallet, he walks past a farmers' market and sees a stand selling 25lb crates of
beautiful red tomatoes. He buys a crate, carries it to a busy corner and
displays the tomatoes. In less than 2 hours he sells all the tomatoes and
makes 100% profit. Repeating the process several times more that day, he

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 07.

ends up with almost $100 and arrives home that night with several bags of
groceries for his family.
During the night he decides to repeat the tomato business the next day. By
the end of the week he is getting up early every day and working into the
night. He multiplies his profits quickly. Early in the second week he acquires a
cart to transport several boxes of tomatoes at a time, but before a month is up
he sells the cart to buy a broken-down pickup truck.
At the end of a year he owns three old trucks.
He continues to work hard. Time passes and at the end of the fifth year he
owns a fleet of nice trucks and a warehouse which his wife supervises, plus
two tomato farms that the boys manage.
The tomato company's payroll has put hundreds of homeless and jobless
people to work. His daughter reports that the business grossed a million
dollars.
Planning for the future, he decides to buy some life insurance. Consulting
with an insurance adviser, he picks an insurance plan to fit his new
circumstances. Then the adviser asks him for his e-mail address in order to
send the final documents electronically.
When the man replies that he doesn't have time to mess with a computer and
has no e-mail address, the insurance man is stunned, What, you don't have e-
mail? No computer? No Internet? Just think where you would be today if
you'd had all of that five years ago!"
"Ha!" snorts the man. "If I'd had e-mail five years ago I would be sweeping floors at
Microsoft and making $5.15 an hour."
Write true or false to each statement according to the information in the text:
a) ( ) Everybody from the man’s family works.

b) ( ) The man didn’t pass the aptitude test.
c) ( ) The man didn’t get the job because he didn’t have a computer and an e-
mail address.
d) ( ) The man used his $10 to buy tomatoes.
Gabarito
false
false
true
true

Prof. Renato Baggio
Disciplina p/ ENEM
Aulas 08.


Aula: 08

Prof. Renato Baggio
Disciplina p/ ENEM
Aulas 08.

Present Perfect – Special Cases
1) Ações repetidas no passado:

Ex.: I’ve seen that film many times
2) Ações completas num período de tempo inacabado:

Ex.: I’ve met Jane today.
3) Already = já:
Ex.: I have already finished my project.
4) Yet = ainda / já
Ex.: Have you talked to Steve yet?
I haven’t read the forms yet.
5) Lately = ultimamente
Recently = recentemente
Ex.: I have worked a lot lately.
6) Ever (“alguma vez” / já)

Never = nunca
Ex.: Have you ever eaten snails?
This is the best film I’ve ever seen.
I’ve never been to Japan.
7) Just = “acabou de”

Ex.: I have just seen an accident.
8) Since / For
Ex.: I have studied Cantonese for 3 years.
I have studied Cantonese since 2001.
9) John has been to London

VS.
John has gone to London
01. Read the sentences and circle the option that best completes each
sentence.
a. Look at this place! The hurricane _________ everything! There is nothing left!.
A destroyed B has destroyed C was destroying D was destroyed by
b. Jane and Jack _________ together for a long time.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Disciplina p/ ENEM
Aulas 08.

A has been B have been C was D were
c. Toni _________ to Canada. He’s coming back only next year.

A has been B went C has gone D was went
d. Tom _________ to London. He’s going there for the first time.
A have never been B has just been C has already been D has never
been
e. Have you finished your homework _________?
A just B ever C yet D never
02. Qual das frases abaixo está no Present Perfect?

a) ( ) She went to the beach with her family last week.
b) ( ) Peter finished his project last week.
c) ( ) Steve’s never been to Japan.
d) ( ) Susan and Kate were very tired after the game yesterday.
e) ( ) Carol studied French for 3 years.
03. Marque a alternativa errada com relação ao uso do Present Perfect.

a) ( ) We’ve already finished our homework.
b) ( ) Steve and Jack has studied together.
c) ( ) They haven’t visited us yet.
d) ( ) I have seen a terrible accident once.
e) ( ) The computer has helped me in my work.
04. Marque a alternativa correta com relação ao uso do Present Perfect.

a) ( ) We’ve already finish our homework.
b) ( ) Steve and Jack has studied together.
c) ( ) They didn’t visited us yet.
d) ( ) I have seen a terrible accident once.
e) ( ) The band have played great songs
05. Complete as orações com o Simple Past ou o Present Perfect.

a) The boys __________________a lot for the test .That’s why they should
have gotten a better grade. (study)
b) Look! Those houses __________________repaired. They are really
beautiful now.(be)
c) My friends and I __________________ a lot recently. (go out)
d) He __________________married for ten years. Now he is divorced. (be)
e) My cat __________________last year. (die)
f) I __________________in São Paulo since the begging in of this year.(live)
g) It __________________a lot since last night. I don’t know how they are
going to cross that river. (rain)
h) My brother __________________ his arm when he was a child. (break)
i) We __________________money for years. Soon we will be able to buy a
new house. (save)
j) John __________________ to Recife before. (be)

Prof. Renato Baggio
Disciplina p/ ENEM
Aulas 08.

06. Leia as frases a seguir e marque com um “X” aquelas que apresentam o
uso correto do Present Perfect e do Simple Past:
a. ( ) John has had many jobs before he came to live in Bristol.
b. ( ) Peter is getting prepared for the marathon. He runned 10 km yesterday.
c. ( ) Did you saw the news last night?
d. ( ) We didn’t like the film we saw at the cinema.
e. ( ) Have you cleaned your bedroom already?
f. ( ) What did you had for dinner last night?
Soda consumption increases risk of stroke and vascular disease

By John Phillip
Americans drink more than 216 liters of carbonated
soft drinks each year, a number that continues to
increase at an alarming rate. Many people use low calorie
diet soda in a futile effort to lose weight. Yet
5 they find that these drinks have the opposite effect
leading them to be overweight or obese.
The high acid content in most carbonated
beverages removes calcium and other critical nutrients
from the bone and tissues, significantly increasing
10 disease risk over years of consumption.
Researchers from Cleveland Clinic’s Wellness
Institute and Harvard University have reported the
result of a study in the American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, the first to examine soda’s effect on stroke
15 risk and vascular diseases.
Past studies have linked sugar-sweetened
beverage consumption with weight gain, diabetes,
high blood pressure, high cholesterol, gout and
coronary artery disease, but current research has
20 implicated diet soft drink consumption with increased
disease risk and weight gain due to depletion of
essential minerals.
Lead study author Dr Adam Bernstein noted
“Soda remains the largest source of added sugar in
25 the diet. What we’re beginning to understand is that
regular intake of these beverages sets off a chain
reaction in the body that can potentially lead to many
diseases, including stroke. Researchers analyzed
soda consumption among 43,371 men and 84,085
30 women over a time span of nearly thirty years. During
that time, 2,938 strokes were documented in women
while 1,416 strokes were documented in men.”
Despite the millions of dollars spent by soda
marketers to instill the virtues of drinking soda,
35 there is nothing healthy about consuming any type
of carbonated beverage. Moreover, the study did
note that drinking coffee was associated with a 10%

Prof. Renato Baggio
Disciplina p/ ENEM
Aulas 08.

lower risk of stroke, compared to drinking sweetened

beverages.
40 Regarding low calorie drinks, researchers
concluded “older adults who drank diet soda daily
had a 43% increased risk of heart attacks or strokes
compared to those that never drank diet soda”.
The suggestion is to substitute carbonated
45 beverage consumption with an antioxidant packed
cup of green tea or coffee to significantly reduce risk
of strokes and vascular diseases.
Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections Magazine. May 12, 2012
Available at: <http://www.gasandoil.com/oilaround/other/3425a2d6
a41705a0f36cf3796041db1e>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.
16 - According to Text II, a detrimental habit among Americans is a(n)

(A) decreasing number of people taking calcium supplements.
(B) decreasing amount of high acid nutrients in the daily diet.
(C) decreasing amount of overweight and obese people
looking for medical assistance.
(D) increasing intake of soda each year.
(E) increasing number of people on a low calorie diet .
17 - One negative effect of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and one

negative effect of diet soft drink consumption are respectively
(A) coronary artery disease and liver disease
(B) gout and vitamin suppression
(C) low cholesterol and weight gain
(D) mineral suppression and high blood pressure
(E) weight gain and essential mineral suppression
18 - According to Text II, Dr. Adam Bernstein affirmed that (A) stroke cannot be
linked to soda nor to food intake with elevated sugar levels.
(B) soda has been researched not only by 43,371 men but
also by 84,085 women.
(C) soda intake is responsible for the largest source
of sugar intake and for a detrimental chain reaction
connected to the appearance of serious diseases.
(D) researchers cannot pinpoint connections between
soda intake and any serious diseases.
(E) over the time span of thirty years of soda consumption
more men have been affected by stroke than women.
19 - In Text II, the idea expressed by the word in boldface type is described in
(A) alarming (line 3) – soothing
(B) futile (line 4) – important
(C) Yet (line 4) – But
(D) content (line 7) – happy
(E) stroke (line 14) – death
20 - In Text II, the word those (line 43) refers to
(A) stroke

Prof. Renato Baggio
Disciplina p/ ENEM
Aulas 08.

(B) drinks
(C) adults
(D) researchers
(E) heart attacks
Gabarito:
1-
(Gabarito: B)
(Gabarito: C)
(Gabarito: C)
(Gabarito: D)
(Gabarito: B)
2- c
3-b
4-d
5
a) have studied
b) have been
c) have gone out
d) was
e) died
f) have lived
g) has rained
h) broke
i) have saved
j) hasn’t been / has been
6 - Estão corretas
a-d-e
Gabarito questões de 16 a 20
16 - D
17 - E
18 - C
19 - C
20 - C

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 09.


Aula: 09

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 09.

Inglês
PAST PERFECT
1.1. CONCEITO
Indica uma ação que ocorreu antes de outra ação que também estava no
passado. Ele dá ordem aos eventos ocorridos no passado.
Ex.: Steve had left the building in time.
O Past Perfect é muito usado com o Simple Past.

Ex: The students had finished the exercise when the teacher entered the
classroom.
1.2. PAST PERFECT - FORM

Affirmative
Ex.: She had been to Scotland before.
Negative
Ex.: She hadn’t been to Scotland before.
Interrogative
Ex.: Had she been to Scotland before?
Why had she been to Scotland before?
1.3. USO
O Past Perfect sempre indica a ação que aconteceu mais no passado, ou seja,
aquela ação que, numa sequência cronológica de eventos, aconteceu
primeiramente.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1.1. CONCEITO
Indica uma ação que esteve em andamento antes de outra ação passada.
Ex.: I had been waiting for a long time when I finally realized I was in the
wrong line.
Note que o Past Perfect Continuous também é muito usado juntamente com o
Simple Past.
1.2. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS - FORM

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 09.

Affirmative
Ex.: They had been waiting for a long time.
Negative
Ex.: They hadn’t been waiting for a long time.
Interrogative
Ex.: Had they been waiting for a long time?
EXERCISES
Scientist invents easy solution for hard water problems
I recently moved into a new home, and I was disappointed to find that
the water pressure was not as high as at my previous house. One of my
neighbors told me the problem was hard water—that our water supply contains lots
of minerals, like calcium and magnesium. This causes scales to build up in pipes,
appliances, fixtures and even the water heater. I had heard that hard water
solutions were costly and inconvenient, so I asked him what he’d done about the
problem. That’s when he told me about ClearWave, a remarkable water conditioner
that helps reduce scale building-up and helps prevent new scales from forming.
An innovative solution. ClearWave uses the latest microprocessor
technology to electronically generate inaudible waveforms. They help keep calcium
carbonate particles, or scale, dissolved in the water. The water treated by
ClearWave continues to dissolve the scale as it flows through the pipes. Over time,
it helps solve hard water problems in the entire system, from the water heater and
pipes to appliances and shower heads. This will result in a variety of benefits for you
and your home. You’ll find yourself using less soap and detergent, and your
appliances will operate more efficiently. ClearWave works with all types of pipe and
installs easily with ordinary household tools.
No salt, no chemicals, no plumbing. Pure water contains nothing but H20.
When it comes out of the ground, however, water is rich in a multitude of minerals,
such as calcium and magnesium. In the past, there have been three basic methods
used to control the problem of hard water and scale formation. One method is to
remove the minerals through ion exchange, using salt. A second method involves
adding chemicals, such as phosphates, to the water. Both of these methods change
the makeup of the water and require the homeowner to continuously replenish the
salts or chemicals—as well as performing periodic maintenance on the equipment.
A third method involves using magnets and electrostatic devices to cause electrical
changes in the water that affects the scaling characteristics of the minerals. This
method is similar to that used by ClearWave, with an important difference. The
electric field generated by ClearWave is continually applied to the water, while a
magnetic field relies on the movement of the water to produce the changes.
ClearWave is a revolutionary new product that solves your home’s hard
water problems without salt, chemicals or plumbing.
(From Popular Science)
01. According to the text, hard water is the water that is full of problems caused by:

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 09.

a) many species of dangerous bacteria originated from a lot of garbage.

b) some scientific products that are prepared in order to cultivate land for growing
plants.
c) the accumulation of a considerable amount of minerals in the water containers.
d) insecticide accumulated in the ground and in the rivers.
02. According to the text, it is true or false to say that:

(....) ClearWave uses salt to remove the minerals from water while other methods
do not.
(....) Two methods require continuous replenishment of salts or chemicals and
periodic maintenance on the equipment.
(....) The water pressure was not as high as at the author’s previous house because
the water supply contains lots of minerals.
(....) ClearWave does not work well to dissolve the scale while it flows inside the
pipes.
(....) The ClearWave is a water conditioner that helps reduce the white substances
accumulated inside the water pipes or containers.
The correct sequence is:

a) F - F - T - T - F
b) F - T - T - F - T
c) F - T - F - F - T
d) T - T - F - T - F
GABARITO
1-C
2-B

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 10.


Aula: 10

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 10.

Inglês
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1.1. CONCEITO
Os pronomes relativos se relacionam a um substantivo ou a um pronome
anteriormente mencionado.
Eles podem ser usados para definir o substantivo ao qual se referem ou para
simplesmente acrescentar informação sobre o mesmo.
São eles:
WHO WHOSE
WHOM WHY
WHICH WHERE
THAT WHEN
Ex.: The man who was involved in the accident is my cousin.

(Defining Relative Clause)
Ex.: Rage, which is a bad feeling, gets people to do stupid things.

(Non-defining Relative Clause)
1.2. RELATIVE PRONOUNS - FORM
a) WHO = que ( sujeito)

Ex.: The girl who is playing is country champion.
b) WHOM = que / quem (objeto) – Geralmente vem acompanhado de

preposição.
Ex.: The woman to whom I talked on the phone was nice to me.
Não pode ser substituído por “that”.
c) WHICH = usado para coisas ou animais.

Ex.: The car which I like is very expensive.
d) WHOSE = indica “posse”: CUJO/ CUJA

Ex.: The boy whose girlfriend disappeared is my friend.
e) WHERE = indica lugar.

Ex.: A department store is a place where you can buy goods.
f) WHEN = indica tempo - quando.

Ex.: Easter is a time when people celebrate Jesus’ ressurrection.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 10.

1.3. OMITINDO O PRONOME RELATIVO
The magazine which I bought is for my sister. (podemos omitir o which)
The magazine which is on the floor is mine. (não podemos omitir o which)
That is the girl who talked to me. (não podemos omitir o who)
That is the girl who I saw last night. (podemos omitir o who)
TEXTO
What is acne?
Acne is not just a problem for teenagers, it can affect people from ages 10
through 40. It is not unusual for women, in particular, to develop acne in their mid-
to-late 20’s. Acne can appear as any of the following:
Blackheads -- are caused by partially blocked pores. The "black" appearance of

them is not caused by dirt, but by the melanin pigment from the dead skin cells.
Whiteheads -- are caused by completely blocked pores. The white appearance of
them is caused by the bacteria inside the blocked pore turning the sebum to "free
fatty acid".
Papules -- are small, red, tender bumps or spots.
Pustules -- are larger, red and inflamed pus-filled spots.
Nodules -- are large hard bumps under the skin's surface.
Cysts -- are similar to nodules, but can be deeply inflamed and infected.
These blemishes occur wherever there are many oil (sebaceous) glands, mainly
on the face, chest, and back.
You can do a lot to treat your acne using products available at a drugstore or
cosmetic counter that do not require a prescription. However, for more serious
cases of acne, you should consult a doctor.
What causes acne?

No one factor causes acne. Acne happens when oil (sebaceous) glands come to life
around puberty stimulated by male hormones from the adrenal glands of both boys
and girls. Oil is a natural substance which lubricates and protects the skin, and
under certain circumstances, cells that are close to the surface block the openings
of sebaceous glands and cause a buildup of oil underneath. This oil stimulates
bacteria, (which live in everyone's skin and generally cause no problems), to
multiply and cause surrounding tissues to become inflamed.
If the inflammation is right near the surface, you get a pustule; if it's deeper, a
papule (pimple); deeper still and it's a cyst. If the oil breaks though to the surface,
the result is a "whitehead." If the oil becomes oxidized (that is, acted on by oxygen
in the air), the oil changes from white to black, and the result is a "blackhead."
Some factors that don’t usually cause acne, at least by themselves are:
Heredity: With the exception of very severe acne, most people do not have the
problem exactly as their parents did. Almost everyone has some acne at some point
in their life.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 10.

Food: All over the world, parents tell teens to avoid pizza, chocolate, greasy and
fried foods, and junk food. While these foods may not be good for overall health,
they don't cause acne or make it worse.
Dirt: Some individuals have more "oily" skin than others (as mentioned above,
"Blackheads" are oxidized oil, not dirt). Sweat does not cause acne, therefore, it is
not necessary to shower instantly after exercise for fear that sweat will clog pores.
On the other hand, excessive washing can dry and irritate the skin.
Stress: Some people get so upset by their pimples that they pick at them and
make them last longer. Stress, however, does not play much of a direct role in
causing acne.
Hormones: Some women break out cyclically, but most women (and men) don't.
Some oral contraceptive pills may help relieve acne, but unless a woman has
abnormal menstrual periods and excessive hair growth, it’s unlikely that hormones
play much of a role in causing acne.
Cosmetics: Most cosmetic and skin care products are not pore-clogging
(“comedogenic.”) Of the many available brands, those which are listed as “water-
based” or “oil-free” are generally a better choice.
In occasional patients, contributing factors may be:
Pressure: In some patients, pressure from helmets, chinstraps, collars, and the
like can aggravate acne.
Drugs: Some medications may cause or worsen acne, such as those containing
iodides, bromides, or oral or injected steroids (either the medically prescribed
prednisone or the steroids bodybuilders or athletes take.) Most cases of acne,
however, are not drug-related.
Occupations: In some jobs, exposure to industrial products like cutting oils may
produce acne.
http://www.acne-advice.com/articles/types_of_acne.shtml
http://www.medicinenet.com/acne/article.htm
Vocabulary:
Sebum: The semifluid secretion of the sebaceous glands, consisting chiefly of fat,
keratin, and cellular material.
Spots: a small round mark on the skin, different in colour or texture from the
surface.
Blemish: a mark that spoils something that is beautiful.
Bumps: a swelling on the body.
Pimple: a small raised spot on the skin.
1. According to the text:

a) Acne can affect people at any age, specially women in their mid-twenties.
b) Blackheads, Whiteheads, papules and nodules are forms of acne.
c) Acne most commonly occurs on peoples’ face, hands, chest and back.
d) Acne is caused by hormones but it can be also caused by some greasy foods.
e) According to the text, men tend to have more problems with acne than women.
2. Circle the only correct letter according to the text:

a. Blackheads are dirty, so you should clean them frequently.
b. Whiteheads are white because that’s the colour of the bacteria inside them.
c. Pustules are red because they contain blood in them.
d. Nodules are similar to cysts but cysts are deeper and also infected.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 10.

e. Acne is not a serious problems, so cases of acne are never treated by doctors.
3. Match the factors with their correct explanation:

a. Heredity
b. Food
c. Stress
d. Hormones
e. Drugs
( ) There isn’t a strong connection between your emotional health and acne.
( ) Women can avoid some acne by taking them in the form of contraceptive
pills.
( ) Just because you parents had acne, that doesn’t mean you will have it, too.
( ) Depending on what you take, they can make acne worse.
( ) Not everything you ingest will be good for you but it certainly won’t cause
you acne.
It is becoming more and more important to eat the right food.

Experts say that the type of food you eat can damage your health. If you eat the
right food, you will have a better chance of living a long and healthy life.
If you eat a lot of processed food, you will be more likely to have problems with
your health. If people eat food with a lot of fat in it, they will have a greater risk of
getting heart disease.
In some countries, people eat less fat in their diet. Scientists have shown
that fewer people get heart disease in these countries. In Spain and Italy, for
example, most people have less fat in their diets than people in England. And in
England, the rate of heart disease is double the rate in Spain or Italy.
So if you eat less fatty food, you'll live longer. You'll feel better, feel fitter,
and have more energy if you change to a simpler and healthier diet.
From:Break into English
Vocabulary
likely: describes something that will probably happen or is expected

rate: an amount or level of payment
4. According to the text, what sort of food is BAD for you? Circle the only correct
letter.
a) Italian food.
b) Fruit and vegetables.
c) Fatty food.
d) Simple food.
e) Diet food.
5. According to the text, what happens in countries where the diet is high in fat?
Circle the only correct letter.
a) People get fatter.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 10.

b) The rate of heart disease is greater.

c) The population has a better life.
d) People are healthier.
e) There are less sick people.
6. The text says that in Spain people eat __________ than in England. Circle the
only correct letter to complete the space.
a) less fatty food

b) more energetic food
c) less food
d) much more fatty food
e) more food
GABARITO:
1-B
2-D
3-C-D- A-E-B
4-C
5-B
6-A

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 11.


Aula: 11

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 11.

Inglês
MODALS
Os verbos modais são verbos auxiliares que acrescentam significado a

outros verbos. Eles são irregulares, ou seja, não seguem as regras de
conjugação dos outros verbos na língua Inglesa.
Ex.:
I can cook. → He can cook. (not: She cans cook.)
*Os verbos modais são seguidos da forma infinitiva dos verbos sem a
partícula “to”.
1) CAN / COULD
Can significa “pode” e o seu passado é could. Eles não possuem formas
variadas no particípio ou gerúndio, etc. (ex.: to can / canning / etc. )
Embora could seja a forma passada de can, não significa que could seja
usado somente para indicar o passado. O significado de can e could pode
assumir vários significados dependendo do contexto em que são usados:
Ex.: Can you drive a truck?
(habilidade)
You can go home if you want to.
(permissão)
I can hear someone playing the piano.
(idéia de ação contínua – present progressive)
Could I talk to you for a moment?
(pedido formal)
He could play the drums when he was younger.
(habilidade – passado)
Forma negativa: can’t / cannot / couldn’t
*Cuidado
Utilizamos o be able to para transmitir a ideia do modal “CAN” na forma do
futuro:
Ex.: In the future, people will be able to travel to other planets.
2) MAY / MIGHT
Têm a mesma tradução de can (“pode”)e também não possuem formas
variadas e também são seguidos de verbos no infinitivo.
Ex.:
Jill may be late for the party.
(possibilidade)
May I help you? (pedir permissão)
*A diferença entre may e might é que might indica uma forma mais hesitante e
menos definida que may.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 11.

3) MUST – significa ‘dever; ter que’ – indica uma obrigação ou dedução.

Ex.: We must protect nature. (obrigação)
Citizens must respect the law. (obrigação)
She is crying. She must be suffering. (dedução)
Cuidado! Mustn’t = proibição ( e não ‘falta de obrigação’)

Ex.: You mustn’t be late for the meeting.
She must study more to pass. (necessidade)
You mustn’t open this Box before your birthday. (proibição)
*Para expressarmos a idéia de que algo é desnecessário, utilizamos do not

need to ou do not have to:
Ex.: You don’t need to have a visa to go to England.
You don’t have to get a visa to go to England.
* Must = have to / have got to / to be to
Forma Negativa: mustn’t
4) SHOULD – significa ‘deveria’. Pode ainda expressão uma obrigação

moral.
Ex.: You should study more. (conselho)
You are sick. You should stay home. (obrigação moral)
* Should = Ought to / had better / be supposed to
Forma negativa: shouldn’t
EXERCISES
Are you a coffee addict?

What happens when you miss that morning cup of coffee? Do you feel
irritable, do you get a headache, do you have problems concentrating and
performing everyday tasks? If you feel any of the symptoms above, you are
not alone. Dr. David Kerr of the Royal Bournemouth Hospital, in Dorset, has
conducted a study on giving up coffee, and the results show that coffee can
indeed be as addictive as tobacco or alcohol. Coffee is so popular because of
the feelings of pleasure that it gives, along with increased energy and an
improvement in mood. Dr. Kerr advises, however, that “apart from keeping
you awake and acting as a stimulant, there are no positive health effects of
using the drug”.
(Umesp-SP)
Vocabulary:
Addictive – viciante
Headache – dor-de-cabeça
Task – tarefa
Give up – desistir; parar
Improve – melhorar

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 11.

Advise – aconselhar
1. De acordo com o texto, o café pode:

a) causar depressão
b) causar dependência
c) ser usado como remédio
d) baixar seu nível de energia
e) acabar com a insônia
2. Na frase abaixo, quais são as palavras que substituem corretamente giving

up coffee?
“Dr. David Kerr has conducted a study on giving up coffee.”
a) stopping drinking coffee

b) deciding to drink coffee
c) starting to drink coffee
d) studying the effects of coffee
e) giving coffee to other people
3. De acordo com o texto:

a) Foi descoberto um novo tipo de café que também funciona como
combustível de automóvel.
b) Café deixa o sangue da pessoa preto.
c) Dr. Kerr recomenda a todos que bebam café, embora ele mesmo não beba
café por saber que faz mal pra saúde.
d) Café deixa a pessoa em estado de alerta, funcionando como estimulante.
e) Antigamente o café era usado como corante de roupas.
Be sure to Stretch on Flights
If you are a taking a long flight to a far away land next summer, be sure to
stretch and move around on the plane. In fact, if possible, you should
simulate a walking motion in your seat so that you can keep your circulation
going, as the cramped airplane conditions and exposure to reduced air
pressure can lead to blood clots. The condition, increasingly becoming
known as "economy class syndrome", can result in life-threatening deep vein
thromboses and strokes.
Vocabulary:
Blood clot: coágulo sanguíneo
Vein: veia
Stroke: derrame.
4. De acordo com o texto:

a) É perigoso caminhar durante um vôo de avião;
b) Não é possível simular movimentos de exercícios dentro de um avião;
c) As pessoas devem simular movimentos de caminhada durante um vôo
para evitar problemas de circulação;
d) Existe uma síndrome contagiosa que as pessoas estão pegando umas das
outras durante vôos de avião;

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 11.

e) Só deveríamos voar durante o verão.
5. Na expressão "economy class syndrome", as palavras economy e class

são:
a) verbos
b) adjetivos
c) substantivos
d) pronomes
e) objetos
6. O verbo destacados no texto indicam:

a) obrigação
b) conselho
c) habilidade
d) permissão
e) possibilidade
Gabarito
1-B
2-A
3-D
4-C
5-B
6-E

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 12.


Aula: 12

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 12.

Inglês

Past modals
Os verbos modais que foram estudados anteriormente, podem ser acrescidos do

verbo “have” para formar o que chamamos de past modals. Quando isso acontece,
eles passam a dar significados diferentes aos verbos, se comparados quando
acompanham diretamente o verbo. No caso dos past modals, o verbo modal é
seguido de have, sendo esse, seguido do verbo principal no passado particípio.
Ex.:
Verbo Verbo Verbo principal – Passado Particípio (3rd form)

Modal ‘Have’
Could worked gone seen
Should worked gone seen
Would Have worked gone seen
Must worked gone seen
worked gone seen
1- Could have
Could have possui uma forma contraída: could’ve.
O uso mais comum para could have é quando queremos dizer que algo foi
possível, mas não aconteceu.
Sua estrutura é formada por could + have + verbo (particípio passado). Para
formarmos negativas, basta mudarmos o could para a negativa couldn’t.
Compare:
The cake was so good. I could eat it all. (agora)
The cake was so good. I could have eaten it all. (passado)
Ex.: “Why didn’t Lis take a ride to go to the party? She could have come with me or
with Paul.”
(she could have come indica que Liz teve a chance de pegar uma carona, mas não
o fez)
He could have passed the exam if he had taken it. (ele teve a chance de passar
no exame, mas não o fez)
Com um sentido semelhante ao mencionado, could have pode ainda expressar

uma crítica.
Ex.: She could have told me that she didn’t want the job.
01. Choose the option that best completes each sentence;

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 12.

a) Why did you stay at home? You could watch / could have watched the film
with us.
b) There’s a nice party at John’s tomorrow. You could go / could have gone
with me.
c) We are going to Europe next summer. We could visit / could have visited
Ireland.
d) We went to Europe last summer. We could visit / could have visited
Ireland.
e) It’s almost 8.00 o’clock. The guests could get / could have gotten here at
anytime.
2 – Should have / Would have.

Suas formas contraídas são Should’ve e Would’ve.
São usados para falarmos de situações que são diferentes do que realmente
aconteceu.
Sua estrutura é formada por should / would + have + verbo (particípio passado).
Para formarmos a negativa, basta colocarmos should e would para a negativa
shouldn’t e wouldn’t.
• Normalmente Should have dá a idéia de que não fazemos parte das
situações a que nos referimos.
Ex1.: John didn’t study for the test and he failed it. He should have studied for it.
(Não participamos da situação, apenas a analisamos.)
No exemplo acima, John não fez o que seria o correto. A estrutura should have é
usada para fazermos esta crítica.
• Normalmente would have é usado quando nos colocamos no lugar do sujeito
que fez parte da situação da qual se fala.
Ex2.: John didn’t study for the test. If I were him, I would have studied for it.
(Analisamos a situação nos imaginando no lugar da pessoa da qual se fala – neste
caso, me coloco no lugar de John e digo o que faria se fosse ele).
3 – Must have
Must have é usado para dizermos que estamos quase certos de que algo
aconteceu. Sua tradução é “deve ter”, sendo usado em inglês, no mesmo sentido
que é usado em português.
Must have deve ser seguido de verbo no passado particípio, assim como os outros
verbos modais do passado.
Ex.: I called Steve but he didn’t answer the phone. He must have gone out. (A
frase “Ele deve ter saído” indica que estou quase certo do que aconteceu, ou seja,
faço uma dedução de uma situação do passado)
Tag Questions
* Tag questions são usados freqüentemente na fala do dia-a-dia e na escrita

informal – “It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
* Usamos “tag questions” quando dizemos algo, mas não estamos completamente
certos se há ou não verdade, então pedimos uma confirmação. – “You eat sweets,
don’t you?”

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 12.

* Freqüentemente, usamos tag questions no negativo quando as sentenças são

afirmativas e usamos tag questions no afirmativo quando as sentenças são
negativas.
Ex.: It’s hot today, isn’t it?
She doesn’t like coffee, does she?
* Use o mesmo verbo auxiliar da frase principal. Se não houver auxiliar, use do,
does ou did.
Ex.: They won’t go, will they?
She arrived this morning, didn’t she?
* O tag question deve ficar no mesmo tempo verbal da frase.

* Use o mesmo sujeito da frase, na tag question, substituindo o nome pelo
pronome.
Ex.: Bob can swim, can’t he?
Our teachers work a lot, don’t they?
* As formas negativas são frequentemente contraídas (n’t); se não forem, seguirão

a ordem:auxiliar+sujeito+not.
Ex.: She danced a lot yesterday, did she not?
*There is e there are and it is contêm um pseudo-sujeito; portanto, there e it

entrarão no tag questions como se fossem o sujeito.
Ex.: There is a party this afternoon, isn’t there?
It is hot, isn’t it?
*O verbo have pode ser usado como verbo principal (We have a good house) ou
como verbo auxiliar, quando seguido de um verbo no particípio passado (They
have been sick for a week).
Ex.: We have a good house, don’t we?
She has a cute boyfriend, doesn’t she?
They have been sick for a week, haven’t they?
She has seen that movie, hasn’t she?


Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 13.


Aula: 13

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 13.

Inglês
THE FUTURE
Há várias maneiras de expressarmos o futuro em inglês, como por exemplo o

Simple Present e o Present Continuous, que já foram estudados
anteriormente
SIMPLE PRESENT – indica o futuro programado

Ex.: The president arrives at 7:00 pm; then he delivers his speech.
At 8:00 he starts the press conference.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS - Também usamos o Present Continuous para

expressar ações planejadas (personal arrangements).
Ex.: Are you taking a long vacation this year?
No, I’m working this year!
As duas formas mais comuns de expressar ações futuras, entretanto, são o

Simple Future e o Going to future:
1.1. SIMPLE FUTURE - FORM

Para escrevermos uma frase usando o Simple Future basta usarmos o
auxiliar WILL juntamente com qualquer verbo na sua forma do infinitivo sem
a partícula “to”.
Affirmative
Ex.: Jane will study architecture next year.
Negative
EX.: I won’t work with my father.
Interrogative
Ex.: Will she study medicine?
Yes, she will. / No, she won’t.
1.2. USO

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 13.

Há várias sugestões para o uso do will como auxiliar do futuro. Abaixo temos
os 4 casos principais.
1 – Para fazermos previsões:

Ex.: The party will be very nice.
2 – Para expressarmos promessas:

Ex.: I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
3 – Para indicar, em estilo formal, eventos programados no futuro:

Ex.: The wedding will take place at the Saint Theresa Church on June 27, and
the reception will be at the Bourbon Hotel.
4 – Para indicar uma ação futura que foi decidida no momento em que se fala:
Ex.: The air conditioning is too cold. I will have someone turn it off right now.
CUIDADO! CAREFUL! CUIDADO! CAREFUL!
Nem sempre a palavra WILL indica um auxiliar do futuro.

Will também pode ser a palavra “vontade”ou ainda a palavra “testamento”.
1.2. GOING TO - FUTURE

A outra maneira de indicarmos o futuro é usando o “Going To” igualmente
seguido de qualquer verbo na sua forma do infinitivo.
1.3. GOING TO - Form

Affirmative
Ex.: He is going to study for the test.
Negative
Ex.: He isn’t going to study for the test.
Interrogative
Ex.: Is he going to study for the test?
Why is he going to study for the test?
1.4. USOS
1 - O “going to” future é normalmente usado para descrever planos, em estilo
informal:
Ex.: He’s going to travel on the weekend.
2 - Prever o futuro com base em evidências do presente:

Ex1.: Look at the sky. It’s going to rain.
Ex2.: They are going to have another baby.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 13.

3 - Dizer que uma ação futura ou evento está para acontecer ou começou a
acontecer:
Ex.: Look out! The dog is going to escape!
Magnificent Obsession
There’s a club in the United States called the Traveler’s Century Club.
That does not refer to either the nineteenth or the twentieth centuries, but to
the fact that members must have visited at least one hundred of the countries
on the club’s official list. Most new members will probably still have a long
way to go before they exhaust the list, which has no fewer than three hundred
and eight “countries” on it.
But if anyone does eventually visit all three hundred and eight, he or
she will find that someone has been there before them. John Clouse, a lawyer
from Indiana, has been to all of them and his “achievement” has been
officially recognized in the Guinness Book of World Records, which calls him
“the world’s most traveled man”.
Septuagenarian Clouse, who was born in 1925, describes his obsession
as “an illness” and says that he inherited it from his father. However, when he
was a young man, he was unaware of the force that was to dominate his life.
His first trip outside the United States was during the Second World War,
when he was almost twenty. Since then, Clouse has crossed the Atlantic more
than a hundred times and the Pacific
more than forty.
If anyone has been “everywhere”, it must be Clouse, who has spent a
great deal of time and money doing so – most of the places, near the bottom
of the club list (the so called “non-sovereign countries”), are isolated rocks
and atolls in the middle of oceans and there is no regular transportation to
them.
Naturally, Clouse has enjoyed his time in many of the places he has
visited, but his favorite city of all is not one which could be called exotic. It is
the “city of light”: Paris. Nor is Clouse’s favorite country one of those a long
way down the list (except for an alphabetical list!). It is the United States and,
naturally, he has visited all fifty states, most of them many times over.
Will anyone ever match Clouse’s achievement? Will anyone be crazy
enough to want to equal it?
Clouse says that his obsession is hereditary. In that case, a future contender
for the crown of “most traveled human being” might be his son, George.
Thanks presumably to his father, George qualified as a Century Club member
before he was even five years old! Perhaps it’s not surprising that under
“marital status”, his father’s documents state “divorced”.
(TAYLOR, James et alles. Reading Structure & Strategy. Macmillan Ed.,1996 –
Texto adaptado.)
01. De acordo com o texto, analise, quanto à veracidade (V) ou falsidade (F),
as proposições abaixo.
( ) Tanto a cidade quanto o país eleitos por Clouse como seus favoritos, não
se encontram entre os últimos da lista oficial do Clube.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 13.

( ) Segundo o locutor, desde jovem Clouse tinha consciência de que não

podia viver sem viajar.
( ) O nome do Clube relaciona-se ao fato de seus membros precisarem ter
visitado, pelo menos, cem
países daqueles constantes de sua lista oficial.
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente os parênteses, de cima

para baixo.
a) F – F – V
b) V – F – F
c) F – V – V
d) V – F – V
e) F – V – F
02. No enunciado ‘But if anyone does eventually visit...’, o termo ‘eventually’ é

melhor traduzido por
a) intencionalmente.
b) antecipadamente.
c) inicialmente.
d) acidentalmente.
e) finalmente.
03. Analise, quanto à veracidade (V) ou falsidade(F), as proposições abaixo

sobre John Clouse.
( ) Advogado de Indiana, na faixa dos 70 anos, viajou por 308 países e é

considerado a “pessoa mais viajada do mundo”.
( ) Sua primeira viagem para fora dos Estados Unidos foi na companhia do
pai, durante a Segunda
Guerra Mundial.
( ) Visitou alguns países de difícil acesso, mas que faziam parte da lista do
Clube.
Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente os parênteses, de cima
para baixo.
a) V – F – F
b) V – V – V
c) V – F – V
d) V – V – F
e) F – F – V
GABARITO
1-D
2-E
3-C

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 14.


Aula: 14

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 14.

Inglês
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
SOME = algum(a/as), alguns, um pouco de, aproximadamente.
1. “Some” é comumente usado em frases afirmativas,

Ex.: Kurt bought some batteries for his flashlight.
Kate needs to buy some equipment.
2. “Some” pode ser usado em interrogativas quando expressamos um

oferecimento, um pedido ou uma pergunta em que se espera obter uma
resposta positiva (sim).
• Oferecimento: Would you like some wine?
• Pedido: Can you give me some money?
• Expectativa de resposta positiva: Do you mind if I put some music on?
3. “Some” ainda pode ser usado para expressar numerais significando

“aproximadamente”:
• There are some fifty students in my classroom.
• I have met some fifty people interested in extreme sports.
ANY = algum(a/as), alguns, nenhum(a), qualquer.
1. “Any” é usado mais comumente em frases interrogativas significando

algum(a/as):
• Do they have any children?
• Do you have any money?
2. Em frases negativas, significando nenhum(a):

• They don’t need any help to climb that mountain.
• We don’t have any special equipment.
3. Em frases afirmativas, significando “qualquer”:

• You can choose any place to camp.
• I’d like to practice any extreme sport.
NO = nenhum / nenhuma.
“No” deve ser usado em frases afirmativas imediatamente antes de um

substantivo, tanto no singular como no plural.
• Some extreme sports require no special equipment.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 14.

• We must get to the top of the mountain before sunset. We have

no time to rest.
No = not any
• There aren’t any stores open.
• There are no stores open.
(Não há nenhuma loja aberta)
Watch out
Any também é usado com palavras no sentido negativo: never (nunca), without
(sem), hardly, scarcely (quase nunca), etc.
NONE = nenhum(a)
How to use NONE?
1. “None” é usado com o verbo na forma afirmativa e não deve ser seguido
de substantivo. None é usado sozinho quando o substantivo a que ele se
refere já foi mencionado anteriormente:
• Have you ever practiced any extreme sports? – No, I have
practiced none.
None = no + substantivo
I have no money = I have none.
2. “None” pode ser usado antes de pronomes (e.g. my, this, it, us)ou do
artigo “the”:
• None of the boys finished the Project. (Nenhum dos garotos
terminou o projeto)
• None of us speaks Russian. (Nenhum de nós fala Russo)
“Some, Any e No” podem dar origem a compostos que seguirão as mesmas
regras mencionadas anteriormente.
SOMEHOW = de algum modo

SOMETIME = algum dia, um dia
ANYHOW = de algum modo, de nenhum modo, de qualquer modo.
As regras estudadas para some, any e no valem também para as formas

compostas:
• There is somebody in the kitchen.
• Is there anybody in the bedroom?
• No, there isn’t anybody there.
• (No, there is nobody there.)
• They didn’t feel anything.

• Did you buy anything yesterday?
• Did you go anywhere last night?

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 14.

• No, I didn’t go anywhere.

• No, I went nowhere.
TAKE A LOOK!
No, nobody, nothing, nowhere, no, none são usados em sentenças

negativas, porém nunca usados com outra palavra negativa.
There isn’t nothing in my pocket. (errado)
There is not anything in pocket. (certo)

ou
There is nothing in my pocket. (certo)
(Não há nada no meu bolso)


Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 15.


Aula: 15

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 15.

Inglês
Adjectives
Os adjetivos são palavras que têm a função de transformar os substantivos. Eles não
possuem plural e não possuem formas para masculino e feminino, ou seja, não variam
quanto ao número e gênero.
Os adjetivos que descrevem cor, qualidade, tamanho (ex: good; bad; big; small; blue;
yellow...) ou podem ser aqueles que estabelecem restrições à quantidade, posse,
distância, etc. (ex: my car, few students, distant place, etc...)
Alguns adjetivos terminam em ED, portanto devemos cuidar com o contexto para que
não confundamos com os verbos regulares, que são aqueles que levam ED para formar
o passado.
Já outros terminam em ING, exigindo o mesmo cuidado para que não sejam confundidos
com formas do gerúndio.
Alguns adjetivos que levam ED:

aged idoso(a) ragged maltrapilho / áspero
beloved amado sacred sagrado
blessed abençoado wicked perverso / maligno
crooked torto wretched desprezível
cursed amaldiçoado(a) one/three/four-legged de uma / três/
naked pelado / nu quarto pernas.
Adjetivos que levam ING:

Compare.
a) This movie is boring. (Este filme é chato)
b) I’m bored with this movie. (Eu fico entediado com este filme)
No primeiro caso, o adjetivo se refere a uma mera característica do substantivo. No
segundo caso, o adjetivo expressa um sentimento de uma pessoa em relação a algo.
Sempre que isso acontecer, devemos usar o adjetivo terminado em ING.
Ordem dos Adjetivos

Existem muitas regras para determinar a ordem dos adjetivos e muitos gramáticos
discordam quanto ao seu uso. Veja algumas das regras mais importantes para
sabermos a ordem dos adjetivos numa frase:
1) Regra Geral: Normalmente os adjetivos seguem a seguinte ordem:

Colour - cor Origin - origem Material -material Purpose - propósito Noun - substantivo
a blue Italian glass flower vase
a brown German pottery beer mug
2) Adjetivos de tamanho, comprimento, altura ou idade geralmente são usados

antes dos adjetivos de cor, origem, material e propósito:

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 15.

• a square wooden table. (not: wooden square table)

(Uma mesa de madeira quadrada)
• a tall modern glass building.
(um prédio de vidro alto e moderno)
3) Adjetivos de julgamento e atitude geralmente são usados antes de todos os

outros.
• A silly tall guy. (um cara alto e tolo)

• A lovely young man. (um jovem adorável)
4) Números
Também são usados antes dos demais adjetivos:
• Six comfortable chairs. (seis cadeiras confortáveis)

• The four first days. (os quatro primeiros dias)
5) Vírgulas
Usamos vírgulas quando temos uma sequência longa de adjetivos, especialmente em

descrições físicas, para adjetivos que dão o mesmo tipo de informação.
Ex.: A lovely, long, cool, refreshing cocktail.
* Vírgulas podem ser eliminadas antes de adjetivos comuns curtos:
Ex.: a short(,) dark(,) handsome cowboy.
6) Verb To Be and Copular Verbs

Os adjetivos vêm depois do verbo To Be e dos chamados Copular Verbs – (look, feel,
smell, taste, become, remain, stay, appear, seem and sound).
Ex.: The weather is nice today. (O tempo está bom hoje)

I’m thirsty. (Eu estou com sede)
The film was interesting. (O filme foi interessante)
He’s been tired. (Ele tem estado cansado)
This meat smells good. (Essa carne cheira bem)
That food tastes awful. (Aquela comida está com gosto horrível)
She looks beautiful. (Ela está bonita)
EXERCISES
01. Coloque as palavras na ordem correta:

a) had – a – She – vacation – fantastic
____ ____________________________________
b) rock – does – music – like - ? – she
_____ ____________________________________
c) loves – black – he – new – car – your.
________________________________________
02. Use um substantivo e um adjetivo de cada quadro para completar as frases:
Adjectives Nouns

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 15.

foreign – hot water - clouds

sharp – dark languages – air
fresh – awful knife - accident
a) We need some ____________. Open the window, please!

b) They need a ____________ to cut that meat.
c) Do you speak any ____________________?
d) It’s going to rain. Look at those ____________ !
e) There’s no ____________ in the shower.
f) We saw an ____________ last year.
03. Choose the adjectives that best complete the each sentence and circle them.
a) I was disappointed / disappointing with the film. I had expected it to be better.

b) Are you interesting / interested in Arts?
c) The film I saw yesterday was quite exciting / excited.
d) It’s very embarrassed / embarrassing when you forget about an appointment you
had.
e) Do you easily get embarrassed / embarrassing?
f) I was amazing / amazed by the result of my test.
04. Put the adjectives in brackets in the correct position:

Ex.: a beautiful table (wooden / round) – a beautiful round wooden table.
a) a simple ring (gold) -

b) a new jacket (nice) -
c) a new jacket (green) -
d) an old apartment (beautiful) -
e) blue gloves (leather) -
f) an Australian film (old) -
Gabarito:
1)
a. She had a fantastic vacation.
b. Does she like rock music?
c. He loves your new black car.
2)
a. fresh air
b. sharp knife
c. foreign languages
d. dark clouds
e. hot water
f. awful accident
3)
a. amazed
b. interested
c. exciting

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 15.

d. embarrassing
e. embarrassed
f. disappointed
4)
a. a simple gold ring
b. a nice new jacket
c. a new green jacket
d. an old Australian film
e. blue leather gloves
f. a beautiful old house

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 16.


Aula: 16

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 16.

Inglês
Degrees of Adjectives
1.1. Conceito
Normalmente aprendemos algumas coisas básicas sobre os adjetivos em

ingles: Eles são usados antes do substantivo ao qual se referem e depois do
verbo To Be. Sabe-se também que eles não sofrem variações quanto ao
número e gênero.
Entretanto é possível trabalharmos os graus dos adjetivos. Em inglês os
adjetivos podem variar em 2 graus: Comparativo e Superlativo.
1.2. Comparative degrees:

a) Equality
b) Superiority
c) Inferiority
a) Comparative of Equality
as + adjective + as
Affirmative
Ex.: Jennifer Lopez is as beautiful as Angelina Jolie.
Negative
Ex.: Jennifer Lopez isn’t as beautiful as Angelina Jolie.
Jennifer Lopez isn’t so beautiful as Angelina Jolie.
b) Comparative of Inferiority
less + adjective + (than)
Ex.: The interviewee was less articulate than the reporter.
c) Comparative of Superiority
adjective + ER (than)
more + adjective (than)
Ex.: Tim is taller than his brother.

Women are more emotional than men
1.3. Superlative Degree:

Inferiority
Superiority
a) Superlative of Inferiority
the least + adjective
Ex.: Susan was the least worried student in class.
b) Superlative of Superiority

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 16.

adjective + EST
the most + adjective
Ex.: Steve is the tallest boy in his class.
Studying is one of the most important things to do in life.
Adjective Comparative (ER) Superlative (EST)
TALL taller (than) the tallest

BIG bigger (than) the biggest
EASY easier (than) the easiest
COY coyer (than) the coyest

DIFFICULT more difficult (than) the most difficult
Irregular Comparative and Superlative forms
good better the best
bad worse the worst
far farther / further the farthest / furthest
TEXTO
Take a Walk
It’s the perfect exercise for fighting fat – as well as fatigue and stress. Here’s how to
do it right.
Though you may not think of walking as a wonderful form of exercise, it is. Walking
promotes cardiovascular fitness, tones up all your muscles and is a great fat burner
too. If you walk briskly for 45 minutes a day, by the end of a year you’ll have lost
more than 20 pounds, without dieting! So imagine what walking does when you do
diet. Since your metabolism speeds up, weight comes off faster and tends to stay
off.
Some other advantages of walking: it requires no special skills or equipment, it
can be done almost anywhere at any time, and it’s virtually injury-free, provided you
wear proper shoes, start off slowly and don’t overdo in the beginning.
1. Todos são benefícios de caminhar, exceto:

a) Melhora o desempenho do coração.
b) Combate a gordura.
c) Diminui as calorias dos alimentos
d) Tonifica os músculos
e) Combate o estresse.
2. According to the text, write TRUE or FALSE.
What is good about walking?

I. ( ) It is perfect for fighting.
II. ( ) It is excellent for the heart.
III. ( ) It's harmless unless you overdo in the beginning.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 16.

IV. ( ) Walking for 45 minutes a day, by the end of a year you'll have lost up to 8
kilos.
Mark the correct sequence of answers:

a) F – T – T – F
b) T – T – T – F
c) F – T – F – T
d) F – F – F – T
e) T – F – F – T
3. Match:
I. Walking fast for 45 minutes a day... ( ) you lose more weight.
II. When you walk fast and go on a diet... ( ) makes you lose up to 20
pounds a year.
III. It is very improbable that... ( ) you will get hurt by walking.
The correct sequence is:

a) I – III – II
b) II – I – III
c) III – I – II
d) III – II – I
e) I – II – III
4. Mark the only correct alternative:

a) Walking is difficult.
b) You need special places to walk.
c) Walking is bad for old people.
d) There is a right way to do walking.
e) Walking causes fatigue.
GABARITO
1-C
2-A
3-B
4-D

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 17.


Aula: 17

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 17.

Inglês
PLURALS
Somente substantivos contáveis possuem plural em inglês. Adjetivos não possuem

forma no plural.
Vale lembrar que nem sempre o “S” indica plural no inglês. Como veremos a
seguir, há palavras que não possuem “S” e encontram-se no plural. Há também
palavras que possuem “S” e não estão no plural.
Ex.: Singular – He bought a good car yesterday.
adjetivo substantivo
Plural – He bought good cars yesterday.
adjetivo substantivo
Observe que o adjetivo não possui plural.
Regular Plural: Acrescenta-se ‘S’.
girl ‐ girls book ‐ books
boy ‐ boys tie ‐ ties
spoon ‐ spoons car ‐ cars
Irregular Plural
a) Substantivos terminados em S, SS, SH, CH, X e O: Acrescenta-se ES:
bus - buses tomato - tomatoes

kiss - kisses box - boxes
beach - beaches
dish - dishes
tomato - tomatoes
box - boxes
* Quando o CH tiver som de ‘k’, acrescentamos apenas “S”:
epoch – epochs
monarch - monarchs
patriarch - patriarchs
stomach - stomachs

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 17.

b)
Cons + Y → ies
Strawberry – strawberries
Comedy – comedies
Grocery – groceries
Baby – babies
Candy - candies
F, FE → VES
Wolf → wolves
Knife → knives
Leaf → leaves
Wife → wives
Special Cases
man men tooth teeth
woman women goose geese
gentleman gentlemen mouse mice
child children louse lice
ox oxen die dice
foot feet
Some words ending in “O” do not take

“ES”; only “S”:
autos stereos zoos
kilos casinos studios

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 17.

Casos Especiais
1) Há substantivos que levam “S” mas que podem ser usados tanto no plural como
no singular:
• means (Ex.: A means of transport. or: Many means of transport.)
• series (Ex.: ‘Friends’ is a television series. or: There are many good
television series.)
• species (Ex.: A species of fish. or: A lot of species of fish.)
2) Alguns substantivos são formados de duas partes, logo estão sempre no plural:
trousers
jeans; shorts and pants
pyjamas
glasses
scissors
Para usá-los, usamos verbos no plural ou podemos usar a expressão “a pair of”:
Ex.: ‘Those are nice trousers’ or ‘That’s a nice pair of trousers’.
3) Há alguns substantivos que terminam em “-ics” que geralmente não são plural:
athletics
gymnastics
mathematics
economics
politics
physics
etc.
4) Há substantivos que não levam “S” mas que são geralmente usados com o
verbo no plural, pois indicam grupos de pessoas: (Às vezes são usados com o
verbo no singular)
• government (governo)
• police (polícia)
• commitee (comitê, comissão)
Ex.: The government want to increase some taxes next year. (Ou The
government wants to …)
(they)
Sugestão de site para praticar exercícios:

www.englisch-hilfen.de/en
EXERCISES
Religion and Human Behavior
Does life have meaning? What gives it meaning? Why do we act the way we
do? What is the best way to live? How can we be happy? How can we find
peace?

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 17.

These are questions that people have struggled with throughout history.
Philosophers, psychologists, sociologists, and physicists are among the
many thinkers who have tried to give us answers. We look for answers within
ourselves, but few are satisfactory. In the end, it is religion that gives most of
the world answers to these questions.
Hundreds of religions exist in the world, yet all religions try to answer the
same questions. Every religion teaches basic ideas that help humans
understand their nature and their behavior. Every religion describes two sides
of human nature − the animal and the divine. It is these opposing sides that
cause conflicts. Every religion gives people a method that they can follow to
resolve the conflicts. All religions have a goal, which is in one form or
another, the transformation of humans from the animal to the divine. This
spiritual transformation is common to all religions, though it has many
names: nirvana, heaven, salvation.
All cultures in the world have religious beliefs. For that reason, every part of
life is affected by religions, whose teachings offer guidelines on ways to live.
Glossary:
behavior = comportamento
struggle = lutar
goal = objetivo
though = embora
01. According to the text, among the different things that affect the way
people think and act, perhaps the most powerful is:
a) philosophy
b) psychology
c) religion
d) sociology
e) physics
02. According to the text, the relation between number of religions and object
of investigation is that:
a) there are different religions in the world and they all try to answer the same
questions.
b) there is only one religion in the world and it answers only one questions.
c) there isn't any religion able to answer all the questions people have.
d) there are hundreds of religions in the world and they answer different
questions.
e) there are few religions and they offer the same answers to the same
questions.
03. According to the text, paragraph 3 says that the objective of every religion
is:
a) political transformation
b) physical transformation
c) material transformation

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 17.

d) spiritual transformation
e) financial transformation
04. In the sentence “What gives it meaning?” (line 1), the underlined word
refers to:
a) life
b) peace
c) health
d) money
e) happiness
GABARITO
1-C
2-A
3-D
4-A

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 18.


Aula: 18

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 18.

Inglês
Quantifiers
Os Quantificadores são pronomes que precedem e modificam os substantivos e
têm a função de determinar sua quantidade. Para sabermos usá-los, é preciso que
conheçamos as diferenças entre substantivos contáveis e incontáveis. Lembramos
que são chamados substantivos incontáveis, aqueles que não possuem forma
plural, ou seja, devem ser usados somente na forma do singular:
Ex.: money, weather, advice, information, etc.
São chamados substantivos contáveis aqueles que podem ser passados para o
plural, ou seja, podem ser usados tanto no singular quanto no plural, dependendo
do que se quer dizer:
Ex.: girl, chair, friend, person, etc.
1) Much (muito):
É usado com substantivos incontáveis, ou seja, serve para indicar grande
quantidade de um substantivo que não pode ser usado no plural.
Ex.: There’s much information about the course on the internet. (Há muita
informação sobre o curso na internet.)
2) Little (pouco):
É o antônimo de much sendo igualmente usado com substantivos incontáveis,
entretanto indica pequena quantidade de algo:
Ex.: There’s little water in the pool so we won’t be able to swim. (Há pouca água na
piscina,logo, não poderemos nadar.)
3) Many (muitos):
É usado com substantivos contáveis servindo para indicar grande quantidade de
algo. Quando usamos many, devemos usar o substantivo na forma do plural:
Ex.: I have many friends in Los Angeles. (Tenho muitos amigos em Los Angeles.)
4) Few (poucos):
É o antônimo de many sendo igualmente usado com substantivos contáveis no
plural.
Ex.: There were few people at the party. (Haviam poucas pessoas na festa.)
5) Plenty (mais do que suficiente):

Ex.: There’s no need to hurry. We’ve got plenty of time.
6) A Lot of (muito; muitos; muita; muitas)

É usado tanto com substantivos contáveis como incontáveis, para indicar grande
quantidade de algo:
Ex.: There is a lot of food in the refrigerator. (Há muita comida na geladeira)

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 18.

Attention!
1 - Much e Many são usados especialmente em frases negativas e interrogativas.
Pode-se usar também “a lot of”:
Ex.: I didn’t spend much money. (ou I didn’t spend a lot of money.)
Do you know many people here? (ou Do you know a lot of people here?)
I don’t go out much. (ou I don’t go out a lot.)
2 – Many também é usado em afirmativas, porém, na língua falada, a lot (of) é

mais comum.
Ex.: A lot of people like to drive fast in Brazil. ou: Many people like to drive fast in
Brazil.
3 - TOO MUCH e SO MUCH são usados normalmente em afirmativas:

Ex.: We spent too much money the last time we traveled. (Nós gastamos dinheiro
demais na última vez que viajamos.)
Special Cases:
Compare as seguintes frases:
* I have a few friends.
* I have few friends,
Ao compararmos as duas frases percebemos que elas são quase iguais e assim
podemos achar que seu significados também sejam semelhantes. Entretanto isso
não é verdade. A presença do artigo na frente do pronome few, faz com que haja
uma mudança na mensagem da frase. Observe as diferenças a seguir:
1) Little e Few possuem idéia negativa:

Ex.: Let’s hurry. There’s little time. (a idéia e de que não há tempo suficiente.)
He’s always alone. He hás few friends. (a idéia é de que ele não tem amigos
o suficiente.)
2) A little e A few possuem idéia positiva:

Ex.: Let’s have a drink. We’ve got a little time before the bus leaves.
I like it here. I’ve got a few friends and I like them all.
PORÉm, quando usados com “only”, a little e a few passam a ter significados
negativos:
Ex.: This house is not big enough. There are only a few rooms.
EXERCISES
Budapest
For many centuries, Budapest was two cities, with Buda on the west side of
the Danube River and Pest on the east side. Budapest became one city in 1872,
and it has been the capital city of Hungary ever since.
The population of Budapest is about two million, and the city is a very popular
place for tourists. Visitors like to take boat rides along the Danube. Budapest is also
known for its exciting nightlife. The best time to visit is the summer since Budapest
is very cold in the winter.
• Become = tornar-se

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 18.

• Known = conhecida
• Since = já que; porque; desde
Los Angeles
Los Angeles was founded in 1781. With 3.8 million people, it is now the
biggest city in California and the second largest city in the United States. It is
famous for its modern freeways, its movie stars, and its smog. When the city is
really smoggy, you can’t see the nearby mountains. The weather is usually dry and
warm.
Visitors like to go to the film studios and drive along Hollywood Boulevard.
There are some good beaches near the city, and Los Angeles is also close to
Disneyland.
• Freeways = rodovias
• Smog = mistura de nevoeiro e poluição
• Dry = seco
• Weather = tempo
Taipei
Since its founding in the eighteenth century, Taipei has grown to a population
of 2.7 million people and has become the cultural, industrial, and administrative
center of the island of Taiwan. It’s an exciting city, but the weather is humid and not
always pleasant.
Taipei is also a busy city, and the streets are always full of people. There is
an excellent museum that many tourists visit. It’s a fairly expensive city, but not
more expensive than some other Asian cities, so many tourists go to Taipei to shop.
• Has grown = cresceu
• Pleasant = agradável
• Busy = agitada
• Shop = comprar
1. Leia o texto sobre Budapeste e marque a única alternativa correta:

a) Budapeste continua sendo duas cidades desde o ano de 1872.
b) Budapeste deixou de ser a capital da Hungria depois que foi dividida em duas
cidades.
c) Budapeste não tem vida noturna.
d) Os visitantes gostam de fazer um passeio de barco pelo Danúbio, rio que dividia
a cidade no passado.
e) A cidade tem esse nome devido ao fato de que no passado uma peste quase
dizimou a população de toda a cidade.
2. A palavra “since”, na frase “The best time to visit is the summer since
Budapest is very cold in the winter”, pode ser traduzida por:
a) assim sendo.
b) desde já
c) já que
d) desde
e) desde então
3. Leia o texto sobre Los Angeles e marque a única alternativa correta:

a) Los Angeles é maior do que a Califórnia.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 18.

b) Los Angeles pe famosa por ser uma cidade com pouca poluição.
c) Los Angeles é conhecida por abrigar um parque da Disneylândia.
d) As montanhas perto da cidade nunca são vistas devido à forte neblina presente
o ano todo.
e) Os artistas e estúdios de Hollywood são um atrativo para os visitantes que
também gostam de dirigir pela Hollywood Boulevard.
GABARITO
1-D
2-C
3-E

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 19


Aula: 19

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 19

Inglês
The Passive Voice
Quando falamos a respeito de Passive Voice (Voz Passiva), estamos nos referindo
a um tipo de construção de frases, no qual o sujeito sofre a ação do verbo. Se
dissermos:
John loves Mary – voz ativa, pois o sujeito John é que pratica a ação. Se,
porém, dissermos:
Mary is loved by John – voz passiva, pois agora Mary sofre a ação do verbo
e não a pratica.
Para transformarmos uma frase em voz passiva, devemos obedecer aos seguintes
princípios:
1. O objeto da voz ativa passa a ser o sujeito da voz passiva.
2. O sujeito da voz ativa passa a ser agente da passiva na voz passiva.
3. O verbo to be é usado no mesmo tempo verbal em que o verbo principal se
encontra na voz ativa.
4. O verbo principal assume a sua forma do particípio passado (a 3ª forma do
passado dos verbos, chamada comumente de 3ª coluna).
5. Se o sujeito da ativa for particularizado, determinado, ele será mantido como
agente da passiva.
Exemplos:
Sheila makes good cakes.

1. O objeto (good) cakes será sujeito da voz passiva.
2. Makes: verbo no presente; portanto, usaremos o to be no presente = are.
3. Make, made, usamos a sua forma do particípio passado, made.
4. O sujeito Sheila é particularizado e aprece como agente da passiva ou
substituído por um pronome oblíquo = her. Como agente da passiva, será
sempre precedido pela preposição by.
Teremos então:
Good cakes are made by her.
Exemplos:
They play poke here.

Eles jogam pôquer aqui.
Poker is played here (by them).

Pôquer é jogado aqui por eles.
1. Simple Present
Se o tempo verbal for o Simple Present Tense, teremos então:

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 19

Active Voice: Maggie takes the kids to school.

Passive Voice: The kids are taken to school by her.
2. Simple Past
Active Voice: Pedro A. Cabral discovered Brazil in 1500.

Passive Voice: Brazil was discovered in 1500 by Pedro A. Cabral.
3. Present Continuous
Active Voice: They are cleaning the room now.

Passive Voice: The room is being cleaned now.
4. Past Continuous
Active Voice: My cousin was fixing the computer.

Passive Voice: The computer was being fixed by my cousin.
5. Present Perfect
Active Voice: They have never seen her before.

Passive Voice: She has never been seen before.
6. Past Perfect
Active Voice: The robber had broken the safe.

Passive Voice: The safe had been broken by the robber.
7. Simple Future
Active Voice: Many people will watch that game.

Passive Voice: That game will be watched by many people.
8. Modal Verbs: Can; May; Could; Should; Must; etc.
Active Voice: A grenade can cause a lot of destruction.

Passive Voice: A lot of destruction can be caused by a grenade.
Active Voice: We must respect the law.

Passive Voice: The law must be respected.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 20.


Aula: 20

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 20.

Inglês
IF-CLAUSES
1.1. CONCEITO
If-Clauses são também chamadas de frases condicionais (Conditional

Sentences).
São frases que apresentam uma condição:
If = “se”.
São divididas em 3 tipos básicos.
Type I
Type II
Type III
Nessa aula veremos os 3 tipos básicos e iremos além deles também.
1.2. IF-CLAUSES – MEANING and FORM
TYPE I – As frases condicionais do Tipo I são aquelas que indicam grande

chance de algo acontecer ou grande chance de que algo se realize.
AFFIRMATIVE
Ex1.: If you study hard, you will pass.
NEGATIVE
Ex2.: If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass.
AFFIRMATIVE + NEGATIVE
Ex3.: If you don’t study, you will fail.

Ex4.: If you study, you won’t fail.
TYPE II – As frases condicionais do Tipo II indicam pouca chance de algo

acontecer ou que algo é possível que se realize.
AFFIRMATIVE
Ex1.: If you studied, you would pass.
NEGATIVE
Ex2.: If you didn’t study, you wouldn’t pass.
Ex3.: If you didn’t study, you would fail.

Ex4.: If you studied, you wouldn’t fail.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 20.

TYPE III – As frases condicionais do Tipo III indicam algo impossível de se

realizar. Também podemos dizer que o Tipo III indica uma possibilidade irreal.
AFFIRMATIVE
Ex1.: If you had studied, you would have passed.
NEGATIVE
Ex2.: If you hadn’t studied, you wouldn’t have passed.
Ex3.: If you hadn’t studied, you would have failed.

Ex4.: If you had studied, you wouldn’t have failed.
TYPE 0 – As frases condicionais do Tipo 0 indicam que o resultado é sempre

certo. Nesse tipo de frase condicional usamos o Simple Present em ambos os
lados da frase. Veja o exemplo:
Ex1.: If water reaches 100ºC, it boils.
Ex2.: If you touch fire, you get burned.
1.3. Special Cases
a) “SE EU FOSSE VOCÊ”

O verbo To Be no passado usado numa frase condicional, aquele sempre
será WERE.
Ex.: If I were you, I would talk to her.
b) MIXED CONDITIONALS
Podemos misturar os casos anteriormente citados dependendo do que
queremos dizer.
Ex.: If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn’t have a headache now.
SUBSTITUINDO IF:

If pode ser substituído por palavras ou expressões com um significado
similar.
As mais comuns são:

as long as
assuming (that)
on condition (that)
on the assumption (that)
provided (that)
supposing (that)
unless
with the condition (that)

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 20.

TEXTO
Teen Obesity
Obesity continued to increase dramatically during the late 1990s for
Americans of all ages according to the data collected and analyzed by the
National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC).
The percent of children and teens who are overweight also continues to
increase.
Among children and teens aged 6-19, 15 percent (almost 9 million) are
overweight according to the 1999-2000 data, or triple what the proportion was
in 1980. In addition, the data shows that another 15 percent of children and
teens aged 6-19, are considered at risk of becoming overweight.
Obesity can be defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat,
which results in individuals being at least 20% heavier than their ideal body
weight.
"Overweight" is defined as any weight in excess of the ideal range.
Obesity is a common eating disorder associated with adolescence.
Although children have fewer weight-related health problems than
adults, overweight children are at high risk of becoming overweight
adolescents and adults.
Overweight people of all ages are at risk for a number of health
problems including heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke and
some forms of cancer.
Obesity can weaken physical health and wellbeing, and can shorten life
expectancy. It can also lead to social disabilities and unhappiness, which may
cause stress and even mental illness. A study released in May 2004 suggests
that overweight children are more likely to be involved in bullying than
normal-weight children are, both as victims and as perpetrators of teasing,
name-calling and physical bullying.
The development of a personal identity and body image is an important
goal for adolescents. Your parents, physician and teachers can help you. If
you think you are overweight, talk to a trusted adult about what you can do to
improve your health.
(Disponível em
<http://www.pamf.org/teen/health/diseases/obesity.html>.
Acesso em 26 outubro 2005.)
1. According to the text, it is correct to say that "bullying"

A) means "threatening to hurt someone or frighten them".
B) is a disease caused by obesity.
C) affects children and teens dramatically.
D) is the opposite of "teasing" .
E) started in the USA in 2004.

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 20.

2. Choose the alternative in which the underlined verb is used to express a

possibility.
A) "Obesity continued to increase..."
B) "In addition, the data shows that another..."
C) "Overweight people of all ages are at risk..."
D) "...which may cause stress and..."
E) "A study released in May 2004..."
3. De acordo com o texto, as pessoas obesas

A) devem medir a pressão arterial regularmente.
B) podem ter sua expectativa de vida reduzida.
C) facilmente desenvolverão um tipo de câncer.
D) terão uma série de problemas de saúde.
E) desenvolvem cardiopatias.
4. Com base nas informações contidas no texto, a obesidade

A) atinge preferencialmente as crianças e os adolescentes.
B) causa mais problemas de saúde em crianças do que em adultos.
C) tende a aumentar 15% em pessoas na faixa etária de 6 a 19 anos.
D) afeta indivíduos de qualquer idade e pode acarretar várias patologias.
E) é considerada uma ocorrência normal entre crianças e adolescentes.
Some facts about dreams

Everybody dreams every night, but people usually forget their dreams very
quickly. Some people have “technicolour” dreams; others tend to dream in
monochrome (black and white)
You can learn a lot about yourself from your dreams.
Sometimes dreams come true – they are called “telepathic” dreams.
Dreams are seldom what they seem to be. They contain symbols or
metaphors. Dreams are mainly visual, but it is possible to dream of music.
Vocabulary:
Dream: sonho
Seldom: raramente
Come true: virar realidade
Some interpretations of dreams

In a dream, wild animals may be an expression of our most sensual passions
and they may represent our “evil instincts”.
Aspiration, spirituality and freedom are symbolically represented by a bird in
flight.
As insects are determined and active, they may symbolize our own hard work
or aspirations.
Erotic dreams are considered a means of releasing sexual tension, or an
expression of aspiration, hopes and desires.
Vocabulary:
Freedom: liberdade
Means: meios
Hope: esperança
Desire: desejo

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 20.

Dreams and colours

Red usually symbolizes heat, passion, fire and anger.
Yellow and orange are considered positive colours, representing sunshine.
They stand for optimism and joy.
Blue is the colour that represents our emotions and moods.
Black may reflect a feeling of depression and sadness in our life.
When white emerges in your dream, it is likely that you are feeling hopeful
and self-confident.
Purple is considered the colour of authority. It may suggest justice or a need
to be more humble.
Vocabulary:
Heat: calor
Mood: humor; temperamento
Confident: confiante
5. Circle the only correct letter according to the first text:

a) People always forget all their dreams.
b) Dreams are always visual.
c) Some people dream of music.
d) We only dream at night.
e) Dreams always come true.
6. Mark True or False according to the information on the second text:
I. Domestic animals represent our passions.

II. When you dream of insects, I means something good for us.
III. A bird in a fight symbolizes freedom.
IV. Erotic dreams are connected to our desires.
V. Interpretations of dreams are always wrong.
Circle the correct letter:

a) All sentences are true.
b) Only sentences II, IV and V are true.
c) Sentences are false.
d) Sentences III and IV are true.
e) Only sentences II and IV are true.
7. Circle the only correct letter according to the first text:

a) Each colour represents different things in our dreams.
b) Blue represents a bad mood.
c) Red represents the colour of flowers.
d) Black represents the night.
e) White represents the birds in the sky.
GABARITO
1-A
2-D
3-B
4-D

Prof. Renato Baggio
Aula 20.

5-C
6-E
7-A

Língua Inglesa - ENEM: Apresentação e Pronomes Pessoais

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Prof.

LÍNGUA INGLESA - ENEM

• O professor Renato Baggio tem 39 anos é formado em Publicidade e

1.1. Personal Pronouns

Há dois tipos de pronomes pessoais: os Subjective Pronouns e os Objective

SUBJECTIVE PRONOUNS OBJECTIVE PRONOUNS

Ex.: I want to talk to her about the problem.

Ex.: John and Meg study with Bob.

Ex.: Jane is worried about Susan.

1. Escolha um dos pronomes em negrito que completa a frase corretamente e

Researchers at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital announced this

3. De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que:

4. The words his and him refer to Michael Jackson.

In the twentieth century, architects in large cities designed structures in a way

01. Na linha 2, “they” refere-se a:

02. A alternativa cujo conteúdo não é mencionado como um amortecedor do

03. Atualmente, os arquitetos estão projetando:

04. As pessoas vivem mais confortavelmente com:

LÍNGUA INGLESA - ENEM

1.0. Possessive Pronouns

Há dois tipos de pronomes possessivos: Os Possessive Adjectives e os

Os Possessive Adjectives são seguidos de um substantivo.

Antes do Substantivo Depois do Substantivo

Ex.: I have my friends and you have your friends.

Ex.: These are my books. Where are your books?

1.3. Reflexive Pronouns

Os pronomes reflexivos concordam com os pronomes pessoais (sujeitos das

a) Uso reflexivo – para indicar que a ação reflete-se no próprio causador:

b) Uso enfático – para dar ênfase (destaque) a uma pessoa ou objeto:

c) Uso idiomático – é freqüentemente usado com a preposição “by” para substituir

Take the Stairs

Flight of stair: lance de escada

1. Mark the FALSE statement.

2. Escolha as alternativas corretas:

Com relação às afirmações anteriores:

3. The main purpose of this passage is to (o principal objetivo do texto é):

a) Inform people about the benefits of taking the stairs.

4. Na frase “Take the stairs is a common exercise tip”, a palavra ‘common’ é o

5. Em qual fonte impressa é mais provável encontrarmos um texto como este?

6. Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronouns:

a) I __myself___ did all the work.

d) We enjoyed __ourselves_____ a lot last weekend.

LÍNGUA INGLESA - ENEM

O Simple Present é mais usado para falar de coisas que acontecem

VERB TO BE = SER / ESTAR

Ex.: I am a doctor. = Eu sou um médico.

Ex.: They are students. = Eles são alunos.

I WORK I DON’T WORK DO I WORK

YOU WORK YOU DON’T WORK DO YOU WORK

SIMPLE PRESENT - FORM

Some Keys to a Better Night’s Sleep

1. Assinale a alternativa correta:

2. De acordo com o texto, dormir mal pode:

3. Qual das dicas abaixo para se dormir bem está correta?

Read the text:

1. According to the passage, the majority of working women in Japan:

a) expect to stop working after getting married.

2. Which of these statements is true according to the passage?

a. The Japanese birthrate used to be much lower.

3. A palavra "Despite" pode ser traduzida por:

LÍNGUA INGLESA - ENEM

Também chamado de Present Progressive, normalmente O Present

a) I myself_ did all the work.

d) We enjoyed ourselves___ a lot last weekend.

d) When I (wake) up this morning it _____ (rain).