c
: Used to compare means on the same or related subject over time or in differing

circumstances.


 The observed data are from the same subject or from a matched subject and
are drawn from a population with a normal distribution.

   Subjects are often tested in a before-after situation (across time, with some
intervention occurring such as a diet), or subjects are paired such as with twins, or with
subject as alike as possible. An extension of this test is the repeated measure ANOVA.

  The paired t-test is actually a test that the differences between the two observations is 0.
So, if c represents the difference between observations, the hypotheses are:

Ho: c = 0 (the difference between the two observations is 0)

Ha: c 0 (the difference is not 0)

The test statistic is
with n-1 degrees of freedom. If the p-value associated with t is low (<
0.05), there is evidence to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, you would have evidence that
there is a difference in means across the paired observations.

^ The paired t-test is located in the "Analysis --> t-test and Analysis of
Variance" menu.

  Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance. Also, if the differences have already been
calculated, a single sample test of u = 0 would be equivalent to the paired t-test. The non-
parametric counterpart to the paired t-test is Friedman's test.


  

Hypothesis testing is the use of statistics to establish the probability that a particular
hypothesis is accurate. Hypothesis is specified as declaration which may or may not be accurate.
In statistics two hypothesis testing are used. They are null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis.
Each test of significance starts with a null hypothesis.Statistics paired t test utilized to apply
compare two population means within the case of two tests to be correlated. Let us see about the
statistics paired t test.

  

Paired sample t-test has the following steps

 
 
 

V It is the first step forpaired sample t-test.

V In this test we can set up the two hypotheses. They are null and alternative hypothesis.
V In null hypothesis the paired sample means are equal.
 V In alternative hypothesis the paired sample means are not equal.

^  

 

V It is the second step forpaired sample t-test.

V Once we can set the hypothesis next we can choose the level of significance.
V In most cases the significance level is 5%

  
  

Compute the parameter using the following formula.


 ~ tn-1

where

 
 
  
The sales data of a six shops before and after a special promotional campaign are as follows

Shops: A B C D E F

Before campaign:5328 31 48 50 42

After campaign:58 29 30 55 56 45

Can the campaign be judged to be a success at 5%?



 
 

H0: The campaign is judged to be a success.

 


 ~ tn-1

Where
Level of significance:

Į = 0.05 at 5% level for the 5 degrees of freedom 't' table value = 2.74

xi yi di= xi - yi di2
53 58 -5 25
28 29 -1 1
31 30 1 1
48 55 -7 49
50 56 -6 36
42 45 -3 9
-21 121



t = 3.05

Calculated value = 3.05

Table value = 2.74

Calculated value > Table value

Null hypothesis is rejected.

The campaign is judged not to be a success.

Ñ 

The campaign is judged not to be a success.

Got a question? We will answer it for you :

Generally hypothesis test is used for the (matched pair) calculating the difference between the
two matched pairs. We can called this kind of test procedure is the matched-pairs t-test, paired
hypothesis test is the most popular and the important test in the application of statistics to the our
real life problem .if we are performing the statistics test means we need two parameters .we
called as the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis.The sample data must be paired.Here
the null hypothesis will be denoted using the symbol of H0 and the alternate hypothesis will be
denoted using the symbol of HA.


  !

  
V Here we use the sampling method for every sample
V Hypothesis test will be conducted between the paired data
V For each and every sample will be drawn using the normal population method ,it has
some condition if any one of the above condition is satisfy means we can tell the value of
the sampling distribution will be approximately equal
V The shape of the sample paired data is symmetric (it means we can cut the shape into the
two equal parts )unmade the shape it has without the outliers
V Always the population distribution will be normal.
V The size of the sampling data value between 16 to 40.

!
  
d = x1 - x2

X1 is the variable of the first data set and x2 is the variable of the second data set. It will
be performed based on the following ways,

V First we have to identify value of the null hypothesis H0 and the value of the alternate
hypothesis HA.
V If the value of A is less than 10% means we can consider the two types of the errors.
V Compare the observed data to the value a (it means the alternate hypothesis) then we can
make the decision .There are two kind of the decision one is the Reject H0 in favor of HA.
And the kind of the decision is the (it is fall in the region of the critical) Conclude that
there is not enough evidence to reject H0. (the sampling data value does not fall in the
critical region).
V