WELDED PLATE GIRDER:

calculation of loads, S.F. and B.M

Uniform load = W
Total super imposed lode ‘W’ = wxl
Self wt. of girder = wl/400
selt wt. of girder
Self wt. of plate girder per meter length =
l
Again total uniform load ‘w’ = wt. self wt. of girder per meter length
wl wl 2
Maximum shear force = , maximum bending moment =
2 8
Proportion of web:-
Assume plate girder should be laterally supported through out spam and
also structural steel be of yield stress 250m pa  bc=maximum permissible
compression stress = 0.66hy
 va = maximum permissible avg shear stress = 0.4 hy
From bable 6.7 oh IS 800-1984 find out min thickness of web assume ‘t’=
max . B.Mx10 6
Depth of girder = ‘d’ = 1.1
 bcxt
Let us provide web plate of ‘dxt’ size
Check for thickness which we assume from shear consideration
shear force
T=
shearstressxd
Proportion of flange
max . B. M
Approximate flange area required AP=
 bas x d
Let us provide plate sections, to obtain required flange area width of flange plate
Af
=
Assume thickness
Width of flange plate  t
Cut stand flange length =
2
 safe permissible limit
16xt
As cut stand flange length  permissible limit flange are provide by
plates of size = width of flange plate x t approximate area = Af  obtain area
Check for flange plate from bending stress consideration
 bct = max . bending stress

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 M
 bct = , Y max
Ixx
assume' t ' x d 3
Ixx= +2
12
 width of flange plate xt 3
d 
  width of flange plate xt   half of the dia of rod  2

 12 2 
max .B. M d 
 bct = . Y max Y man =   t   bct <  bc
ixx  2 
Curtailment of flange plate:-
As B.M. is maximum at centre and reduce towards the support let us
provide 40mm thick plate in middle portion of girder and reduce thickness to
30mm and lesser to wards supports.
30mm plate section.
Width of flange plate  assumed 't '
Max. flange out stand =
2
Permissible out stand = 16 X reduced thickness
Max. flange out stand < per miscible out stand.
Hence O.K
Commotion of flange plate with web plate:-
Here welds are designed for horizontal shear
VA.Y
Horizontal shear per unit length =
Ixx
V=Max. shear force
d Re duced thickness 
A.Y = width of flange plate X reduced thickness  X 
2 2 
Assume' t ' x d 3
Ixx= +2
12
 width of flange plate x  reduced ' t  3  d reduced t  2 
   width of flange x reduced ' t '    
 12 2 2  
size of weld
Weld is done on both sides of web
113.11 = 2[ 0.77xSx1x108]
S= 2.73mm
Since min size of fillet weld for a 30mm thick plate is 8mm let us provide an inter
miltent fillet weld.
Effective weld length = 4.S=4xassumed ‘t’

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Provide 40mm long intermillent fillet weld.
Moment of inertia of plate girder is
Ixx = Ixx X 104
 bc x Ixx d
Moment of resistance = Y   reduced ' f '
y 2
The B.M.D. is parabolic, so the 8q of parabola with supports as origin as
l  l
Y = Kx(l-x) = Kx l  
2 2
Where
Y=Max. B.M, k= Constant
X=Distance of section from support
L=Span
x@y find from the table and substitute in the above equation. Then U will get ‘x’
 plate thickness can be reduced to 30mm from 40mm for a length of above ‘x’
from support.
Provide width of flange plate X reduced ‘t’ up to ‘x’ m from support
Strength of weld on both perces of web
Pitch of welds =
Horizontal shear per mm.length.
2 x 40 x 0.7 x8 x108
=
413.11
The clear spacing b/w welds should not be more than 12 ‘t’ or 200mm.
which ever is less for a comp flange.
Max. clear spacing = 12xt=12xAssumed ‘t’
Permissible pitch = max. clear spacing + ‘t’
The flange plates 40mmx30mm. thick are connected by a double vee-butt weld.
Bearing stiffeners
They used to transfer concentrated loads on girder and heavy reactions at
supports to the full depth of web bearing stiffener at support is called end
bearing stiffener they should place.
Tight with web
Straight
Maximum shear force = ‘v’
Allo wable bearing stress =  p = 0.75xfy  Ry=250

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 Force Max shear force
Bearing area required = 
stress Allowable bearing stress
Now let us try with 2 plates of 200mm wide as stiffness thickness of plates
Bearing area required
=
2x 200
 out standing width – 200mm

But outstand should not more than ‘12t’  t=20

Bearing area required = 2 [200xt] > bearing area required hence it is OK.
 provide 200x20mm plate as stiffners
Area of stiffner = 2x200x20+2x20xAssumed ‘t’ x Assumed ‘t’
 20 x 200 3  reduced ' t '  
2

Ixx = 2   20 x 200 x100   


 12  2  
Radivs of gyration, V = Ixx Area ofStiffner effective length L-0.7xdepth of
gird
l
=

l
From IS 800-1984 for = and Fy=250N/mm2

 ac =
Safe load =  ac x area of stiffener > max. shear force which is sufficient.
Connection of bearing stiffeners to web plate
Let us provide bmm size intermittent fillet welds
Strength of weld = 0.7xsx1x108  S= 6mm
max sleer force
Required strength of weld / mm =
4 x with of flange plate
Length of intermittent fillet weld is 10 ‘t’ = 10xhalf of thickness
 provide 200mm long fillet weld
200 x strength of weld
=  300
required strength of weld
C/C spacing of fillet weld = ** 16t (or) 300mm which ever is less
Intermediate stiffeners.
For un stiffened web the minimum required thickness is as below
max shear force
 vcal = width of plate x assume ' t '

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 d1 vcal width of plate cal
1. tw, min = 
816 816
d1 fy
2. tw, min =
13 nn
d1
3. tw, min =
85
Take the min of above 3 values.
 As we have provided 8mm which is very less intermediate web stiffeners are
required
Vertical stiffeners
Vertical stiffeners are provided if the web thickness as calculated below
is more than thickness provided.
2 x width of flang plate
D2 =
2
d fy
1. Tw1 min = 2
3200
d2
2. Tw min -
200
Web thickness provided is 8mm which is less than the above values so
vertical stiffeners are provided.
Horizontal stiffeners
(a). A horizontal stiffeners is provided, if web thickness as calculated below
is more than that required and also the horizontal stiffener shall be required
at a distance of 2/5d from comp. flange to neutral axis.
d 2 fy d2
1. tw1 min = 2. tw1 min 
4000 250
It is distance of 500 mm from comp flange

(b). Another horizontal stiffener will be required at the N.R. if web thickness
as calculated below is more than provided one

56
 d 2 fy d2
1. tw1 min = 2. tw1 min =
6400 400
If the web thickness 8mm is grater than the above values
 Horizontal stiffener at N.A. not provided
Vertical stiffeners
The smaller clear panel dimension of  180 x t t=8mm

No. of stiffeners b/w bearing stiffeners =

l x 10 3
the smaller clear panel diension
l x 10 3
Actual clear panel dimension =
No. of stiffeners b / w bearing stiffeners
Provide vertical stiffeners at a spacing of “actual clear panel diminution
value” horizontal stiffener at 300 mm from comp flange.
D = width of flange plate – 500
Actualclearpanel dim ension
Spacing of stiffeners c = xd 
above' d '
d above ' d '
 provide vertical stiffener at spacing of “above value” t  assumed ' t '
from code book 6.6 , va = > vcal  safe out stand vertical stiffener  12xt
om flat section.
Max out stand = 12xt  t=10mm
Max – web thickness required from shear consideration
max shearForce
 t = width of flang plate x74
Let us try 110 ISF 10mm
Required M.I. =
1.5 d 3 t 3 1.5 x above d 3 x (max web thicknessrequiry from shear consideration) 3

c2 c2
M.I. about lack of web =
10 x110 3
 10 x110 x53 2  required M .I . safe
12
Connections:-
125 xt 2 125 x assumed (t ) 2
Shear force = 
110 110
Provide 3 mm intermittent fillet welds strength of weld = 0.7x5x1x108
 S=3mm
Length of intermittent fillet weld = 10xt = 10x10
c/c spacing of welds =
2 x strength of weld x length of int ermittent
 160
above shear force

57
 16 t (or) 300mm which is less than the above
 provide 3mm size 100mm long fillet welds at C/C spacing of 160mm on
both sides of web.

Horizontal stiffener
It is provided at 500mm from comp flange let us try 8mm thick plate
Max out stand = 12 x t  t=8
Try a flat section = 90 x t as stiffener
M.I required = 4 ct3 t=8
M.I. provided =
Assume ' t ' x 90 3
 assume ' t ' x 90 x half of '90' 2 (45) 2 >
12
 It is safe
 provide 3mm size, 90 mm long fillet welds at C/C spacing of 125mm (<
16x8 = 128mm)

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