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Abstract
1
1. Introduction
2
Sakiadis [9] several authors consider the boundary layer over a stretching surface [10-
15].
In almost all the fields of engineering and scientific interest, stagnation point flow is an
important phenomenon. These flows may be characterized inviscid or viscous, steady or
unsteady, two dimensional or three dimensional, symmetric or asymmetric, normal or
oblique, homogenous or two fluids and forward or reverse. Some important studies to the
topic are described in refs. [16-22].
Motivated from the above analysis, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of
rotation and magnetic field on the stagnation point flow of a second grade fluid towards a
similarity transformation and then the reduced problem have been solved using the
Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme BPES and the Homotopy Analysis Method
HAM. Homotopy analysis method is the successful tool for solving nonlinear ordinary
and partial differential equation and some recent related developments on the topic are
defined in [23-27]. The Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme BPES is also aprotocol
which has been significantly tested in severel applied physics fields [28-38]. The solution
for both stretching and shrinking phenomena are presented. The results of the necessary
physical parameters are discussed through graphs. The convergence of the solution have
been discussed through h-curves, homotopy pade approximation and residual error.
2. Mathematical formulation
3
We introduce the similarity variables and non-dimensional variables as follows:
Making use of Eq. (4); the incompressibility condition is automatically satisfied and the
momentum equations take the form:
σB02 Ω α1a
where M 2 = ,λ = ,β = and prime denotes the derivative with respect to η .
ρa a µ
The boundary conditions for the problem under consideration are:
4
W
where s =
av
3. HAM Solution
5
where:
6
where :
The symbolic software MATHEMATICA isused to get the solutions of Eqs. (21) and
(22) up to first few order of approximations. It is found that the solution for f, h are given
by:
in which the coefficients am ,n and cm ,n of f m (η) and hm (η) can be found by using
q q
given boundary conditions and by the initial guess approximations in Eqs. (8) and (9) and
numerical data is presented through graphs.
4. BPES Solution
To seek Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme BPES [28-38] solution of Eqs. (5) and
(6) we set:
N0
1
f (η ) =
2N0
∑λ
k =1
k × B4 k (η × rk ) (29)
7
and:
N0
1
h(η ) =
2N0
∑ λ′ × B
k =1
k 4k (η × rk ) (30)
where B4 k are the 4k-order Boubaker polynomials, rk are B4 k minimal positive roots,
roots, the following conditions stand, for i.e. λk′+1 k =1.. N 0−1
= −λk′ :
1 N0
f (η ) η = 0 = − N ∑ λ k = s
0 k=1
N0
(31)
h(η ) = − 1 λ ′ = 0
η = 0 N 0 ∑k = 1 k
By introducing expressions (29) and (30) in Eq. (5-8), and by majoring and integrating
f ′′ (η ) + f (η ) f ′ (η ) + 2λ h(η ) = M 2 − 1
h′ (η ) + f (η )h′ (η ) − f ′(η )h(η ) − M h(η ) = 2λ
2
f (η ) = s (32)
η =0
h(η ) = 0
η =0
which gives:
8
N0 N0
∑ λ k M k + ∑ λ k′ Pk = M − 1
2
k=1 k=1
N0 N0
λ M ′ + λ ′ P′ = 2λ
∑k = 1 k k ∑k = 1 k k
(33)
∞ d B (η × r )
3
M k = ∫0 ( + B4 k (η × rk ))dη
4k k
d η 2
P = 1 (2λ B (η × r ))dη
k ∫0 4k k
with 1
M k′ = ∫ ( B4 k (η × rk ))dη
0
1 d B (η × r )
2
dB4 k (η × rk )
k ∫0
P ′ = ( + − M 2 B4 k (η × rk ))dη
4k k
dη 2
dη
The analytic series solutions given in Eqs. (27) and (28) of the considered problems are
found by homotopy analysis method. These expressions contain non-zero auxiliary
parameters i (i = 1.. 2) which can adjust and control the convergence of the solutions.
To ensure the convergence of the solutions in the admissible range of the values of the
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auxiliary parameters i one can draw h curves. For the present cases, 20th order i -
curves are plotted in Figs. (1) and (2). It is seen from these figures that the ranges for the
values of i are -0.7 ≤ 1 ≤ -0.2 and -0.95 ≤ 2 ≤ -0.25. The residual error of the
problem is calculated and shown in Fig (3).
References
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