IB_ENERGETICS TEST

Total marks: 37
Time allowed: 1 hour

1. Which equation represents the electron affinity of calcium?

+ –
A. Ca(g) →Ca (g) + e

– –
B. Ca(g) →Ca (g) + e

– –
C. Ca(g) + e → Ca (g)

+ –
D. Ca (g) + e → Ca(g)
(Total 1 mark)

Ө
2. The ∆ H values for the formation of two oxides of nitrogen are given below.

1 Ө –1
2 N2(g) + O2(g) → NO2(g) ∆ H = –57 kJ mol

Ө –1
N2(g) + 2O2(g) → N2O4(g) ∆ H = +9 kJ mol

Ө
Use these values to calculate ∆ H for the following reaction (in kJ):

2NO2(g) → N2O4(g)

A. –105

B. – 48

C. +66

D. +123
(Total 1 mark)

3. Consider the specific heat capacity of the following metals.

–1 –1
Metal Specific heat capacity / J kg K
Cu 385
Ag 234
Au 130
Pt 134

Which metal will show the greatest temperature increase if 50 J of heat is supplied to a 0.001 kg
sample of each metal at the same initial temperature?

A. Cu

B. Ag

C. Au

D. Pt

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 (Total 1 mark)
)

5. Which combination is correct for a chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings?

Type of reaction ΔH at constant pressure

A. Exothermic Positive
B. Exothermic Negative
C. Endothermic Positive
D. Endothermic Negative
(Total 1 mark)

6. Which type of reaction is referred to in the definition of standard enthalpy change of formation?

A. the formation of a compound from its elements

B. the formation of a crystal from its ions

C. the formation of a molecule from its atoms

D. the formation of a compound from other compounds

(Total 1 mark)

7. When the solids Ba(OH)2 and NH4SCN are mixed, a solution is produced and the
temperature drops.

Ba(OH)2(s) + 2NH4SCN(s) → Ba(SCN)2(aq) + 2NH3(g) + 2H2O(l)

Which statement about the energetics of this reaction is correct?

A. The reaction is endothermic and ∆ H is negative.

B. The reaction is endothermic and ∆ H is positive.

C. The reaction is exothermic and ∆ H is negative.

D. The reaction is exothermic and ∆ H is positive.

(Total 1 mark)

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8. Using the equations below

1 ο
Cu(s) + 2 O2(g) → CuO(s)∆H = –156 kJ

1 ο
2Cu(s) + 2 O2(g) → Cu2O(s)∆H = –170 kJ

ο
what is the value of ∆H (in kJ) for the following reaction?

1
2CuO(s) → Cu2O(s) + 2
O2(g)

A. 142

B. 15

C. –15

D. –142
(Total 1 mark)

9. Which reaction occurs with the largest increase in entropy?

A. Pb(NO3)2(s) + 2KI(s) → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(s)

B. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

C. 3H2(g) + N2(g) → 2NH3(g)

D. H2(g) + I2(g) → 2HI(g)

(Total 1 mark)

ο
10. Which reaction has the most negative ∆H value?

+ –
A. LiF(s) → Li (g) + F (g)

+ –
B. Li (g) + F (g) → LiF(s)

+ –
C. NaCl(s) → Na (g) + Cl (g)

+ –
D. Na (g) + Cl (g) → NaCl(s)
(Total 1 mark)

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11. The equation for the decomposition of calcium carbonate is given below.

CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

–1 –1 –1
At 500 K, ∆H for this reaction is +177 kJ mol and ∆S is 161 J K mol .

ο
(a) Explain why ∆H for the reaction above cannot be described as ∆Hf .

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(2)

(b) State the meaning of the term ∆S.

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(1)

(c) Calculate the value of ∆G at 500 K and determine, giving a reason, whether or not the
reaction will be spontaneous.

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(3)
(Total 6 marks)

12. In aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid react as follows.

KOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → KCl(aq)+ H2O(l)

The data below is from an experiment to determine the enthalpy change of this reaction.

3 –3
50.0 cm of a 0.500 mol dm solution of KOH was mixed rapidly in a glass beaker with
3 –3
50.0 cm of a 0.500 mol dm solution of HCl.

Initial temperature of each solution = 19.6°C

Final temperature of the mixture = 23.1°C

(a) State, with a reason, whether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic.

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(1)

(b) Explain why the solutions were mixed rapidly.

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(1)

–1
(c) Calculate the enthalpy change of this reaction in kJ mol . Assume that the specific heat
capacity of the solution is the same as that of water.

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(4)

(d) Identify the major source of error in the experimental procedure described above.
Explain how it could be minimized.

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(2)

–3
(e) The experiment was repeated but with an HCl concentration of 0.510 mol dm instead
–3
of 0.500 mol dm . State and explain what the temperature change would be.

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(2)
(Total 10 marks)

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13. For the process:

C6H6(l) → C6H6(s)

the standard entropy and enthalpy changes are:

ο –1 ο –1 –1
∆H = –9.83kJ mol and ∆S = –35.2J K mol .

Predict and explain the effect of an increase in temperature on the spontaneity of the process.

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(Total 3 marks)

ο ο ο
14. Explain in terms of ∆ G , why a reaction for which both ∆ H and ∆ S are positive is
sometimes spontaneous and sometimes not.

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(Total 4 marks)

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15. Calculate the enthalpy change, ∆ H4 for the reaction

C + 2H2 + 1
2
O2 → CH3OH ∆ H4

Using Hess’s Law and the following information.

1 −1
CH3OH + 1 2 O2 → CO2 + 2H2O ∆ H1 = −676 kJ mol
−1
C + O2 → CO2 ∆ H2 = −394 kJ mol
1 −1
H2 + 2 O2 → H2O ∆ H3 = −242 kJ mol

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(Total 4 marks)