Spring 2011 CHM2046 Final Exam Practice Problem Solutions Martin

1. The concentration of H+1 is 10.5 M since the concentration of HCl was 10.5 M. Remember that
HCl breaks apart into H+1 and Cl-1 so the concentration of H+1 is the same concentration as HCl.
With the concentration of [H+1] we can determine the pH of the solution:
pH   log  H 1    log 10.5 M   1.02
pOH 14.00   1.02  15.02
The pOH greater than 15 is fine since the concentration of the acid is so high.

The answer is (b) 15.02

2. Since there are more moles of gas on the products side, increasing volume decreases pressure
of the product side which will cause the equilibrium to shift toward the products, hence, the
increase in product concentrations. If the product concentrations increase the reactant
concentrations will decrease to compensate.

The answer is (a) The product concentrations will increase

3. The lowest pOH is the most basic and the highest pOH is the most acidic. Notice the KCN 0.1
M and the KCN 0.01 M. The 0.1 M should be more basic since it has a higher concentration,
therefore the lower pOH. The NaNO3 is neutral since Na+1 and NO3-1 have no acid/base
properties. Lastly, notice that the 0.1 M HBr must have the highest pOH since it is the most
acidic and highest concentration. Oh yeah and the HOCl is a weak acid so it is in between
NaNO3 and HBr.

The answer is
 c  0.1M HBr,0.01M HBr,0.01M HOCl,0.1 M NaNO3 ,0.01 M KCN,0.1 M KCN,0.1M NaOH

4. The Bronsted base is the species that can accept an H+1 ion most effectively. Some will say the
answer is HSO4-1 but HSO4-1 is the conjugate base of a VERY strong acid (H2SO4) so its basic
properties do not apply. Your best answer is HCO3-1 because we know it is a weak base and the
negative charge will allow it to accept an H+1 ion. All the others are weak acids.

The answer is (d) HCO3-1

5. Just take the pKa of every acid and you will see that the pKa closest to your target pH will be
the answer.

(a) pKa   log 1.0 x107   7.00

(b) pKa   log 3.5 x108   7.46 – I did not give you the Ka but it is 3.5 x 10-8.

(c) pKa   log 6.8 x104   3.17

(d) pKa   log 5.6 x1010   9.25
(e) pKa   log 6.2 x1010   9.21

The answer is (e) HCN

6. First find the standard cell potential from the given values: E°cell = 1.36 V – (–0.76 V) = 2.12 V.
Since you know the concentrations you can find the Q expression for the reaction. Make sure
you write out the correct overall reactions to get the right Q expression:
Cl2  g   2 e 1  2 Cl 1  aq 
Zn  s   Zn 2  aq   2 e 1
Cl2  g   Zn  s   Zn 2  aq   2 Cl 1  aq 
 Zn 2  Cl 1   4.5 M  2.0 M 2
2

Q   24
PCl2 0.75 atm
 J 
 8.314   298 K 

Ecell  Ecell 
RT
ln  Q   2.12 V   mol * K 
ln  24   2.08 V
nF  C 
 2   96,500 
 mole e1 
I made the assumption that the temperature was 298 K since none was given. Also, it is
perfectly fine to incorporate concentration and pressure since Q is not specified as QC or QP; if
pressure is given use pressure; if concentration is given use concentration to calculate the ECell.

The answer is (a) 2.08 V

7. Lewis acids usually are cations, compounds with double or triple bonds and molecules with
B or Be since they are electron deficient. The only compound that does not fit this category is
NF3. Nitrogen CANNOT accept electrons in anyway shape or form so there is no way it can be a
Lewis Acid.

The answer is (e) NF3

8. In order to find the amount of time we have to start with the mass of Fe and convert it to the
charge of Coulombs. Notice that iron is a +3 since the subscript below sulfate is a 3. This means
you will be transferring three electrons in this process.
1 mole Fe 3 moles of e1 96500 C
4.25 g Fe * * *  22, 029.99 C
55.85 g 1 mole Fe 1 mole of e1
A * s  C ; 22, 029.99 C  5.68 A * s
1 hour
sec  3878.5sec* 1.077 hrs
3600sec

The answer is (a) 1.08

9. The lifetime of a battery depends on the PbSO4 (s) and PbO2 (s) coating NOT the Pb (s). If you
want to see the reaction it is written in the book. I wanted to take this opportunity that you
should at least glance over some of the pages on batteries in the chapter. It is very important
you know the numerous equations.

The answer is (e) The lifetime of the battery depends on the coating of Pb (s).

10. The number of electrons transferred is two based on the fact that Mg is +2 and Fe is +2 so
with the E°Cell = –0.41 – (–2.38 V) = 1.97 V we can find the equilibrium constant:
C
2*96500 *1.97 V
nFE  mole of e 1
ln  K    153.46
RT J
8.314 *298 K
mol * K
K  e153.46  4.44 x 1066

The answer is (d) 3.81 x 1066

11. Since you are looking for the conjugate base you must remove one hydrogen atom from the
compound. You have a choice to remove it from the carbon, nitrogen or oxygen. In order to
make the most stable base we remove the hydrogen from the MOST electronegative element
because electronegative elements can stabilize negative charged the best. So removing the
hydrogen atom from the oxygen atom will cause a more stable conjugate base than removing it
from N or C.

The answer is (c) CH3NHO-1

12. Since this is acidic you must use H2O to balance the oxygen and H+1 to balance the hydrogen.
By balancing the two half reaction you will get:

3 H O l   MnO  s   MnO  aq   6 H  aq   5 e  *2
2 4
1 1 1

 2 e  2 H  aq   MnO  s   Mn  s   H O l  *5
1 1
2
MnO can react twice it is meant to be like that since there is only one reactant. So the overall

reaction is: H 2O  l   7 MnO  s   2 MnO41  aq   5 Mn  s   2 H 1  aq 

The answer is (b) 5, 2, 7; Left

13. First you must get the balanced equation to look like this:
Ca  OH 2  s  + 2 HCN  aq  Ca +2  aq  + 2CN1  aq  + 2 H2O  l 
The equilibrium expression will look like this:
2
CN 1  Ca 2 
KC 
 HCN 
2

Remember to use the coefficients and the do not put solids or liquids in the equilibrium
expression.

2
CN 1  Ca 2 
The answer is (e) K c  
 HCN 
2

14. The only one that is NOT a Bronsted acid is NH3 since all the other choices can lose a proton
when dissolved in water.

The answer is (e) NH3

15. By say the word “Heating” we know that the reaction is endothermic. So we can rewrite the
EQ to look like this: H + A  s  B  aq   C  g 
(a) Increasing the pressure will shift the reaction to the left since C is a gas.
(b) Adding a catalyst at EQ will cause no change of the equilibrium since the
reaction is going at equal forward and reverse reactions.
(c) Since it is endothermic, raising the temperature will cause the reaction to go to
the right.
(d) Decreasing the volume will increase the pressure and since the gas is on the
products side, the equilibrium will shift to the left.
(e) Adding A has no effect on EQ since it is a solid.

The answer is (d) Decreasing the volume will shift the equilibrium to the left.
16. The equation given should be balanced but check anyways:
2 NH3  g  3 H 2  g   N2  g 
By doing this we know that the change in moles Δn = 4 – 2 = 2. With KP we can certainly find KC:
K P  K C  RT 
n

2
 atm * L  
2.49  K C   0.0821  1401 K  
 mol * K  
2.49
KC  2
1.88 x 104
 atm * L  
  0.0821  1401 K  
 mol * K  

The answer is (d) 1.88 x 10-4

17. With knowing KC and initial concentrations we can calculate Q and determine which way
EQ will shift. Given the balanced reaction:
2 PO5  g  2 PO2  g   3O2  g 
Now write Q:
 O3   PO2   0.60 M  1.29 M 
3 2 3 2

Q   2.34 x 102
 PO5   3.92 M 
2 2

Since Q < K the equilibrium shifts to the right.

The answer is (d) both e and c

18. First make sure to set up an I.C.E. chart since you start with PO5 and let it reach equilibrium:
2 PO2 (g) 2 PO2 (g) 3 O2 (g)
Initial 3.50 M 0 0
Change –2x +2x +3x
Equilibrium 2.70 M
This means that x must equal:
3.50 M  2 x  2.70 M
3.50  2.70  2 x
0.80  2 x
x  0.40 M
Since we know what x equals we can find the value of KC:
3*0.40 M   2*0.40 M 
3 2

KC  1.52 x 101
 2.70 M 
2

The answer is (a) 1.52 x 10-1

19. We must remember the species that have acid properties:

(a) Is neutral because K+1 has no acid/base properties and nitrate is the conjugate base of
a strong acid so it is inactive as a base.
(b) Is basic because Na+1 has no acid/base properties and CN-1 is a weak base so it turns
into a basic solution in water.
(c) Is acidic because K+1 has no acid/base properties and HSO4-1 is a weak acid and an
inactive base so in water it its acidic.
(d) Is basic because Na+1 has no acid/base properties and OH-1 is a strong base so in
water a basic solution is created.
(e) Is neutral because Na+1 has no acid/base properties and chloride is the conjugate base
of a strong acid so it is inactive as a base.

The answer is (c) KHSO4

20. The equivalence point in the curve happens when the line is as vertical as possible. That
point happens at about 25 mL.

The answer is (e) 25 mL

21. The pKa can be observed when the slope of the line is the most horizontal as possible in the
buffer region. This happens at about 12 mL which corresponds to a pH of about 5.00.

The answer is (c) 5.00

22. With the Ka and initial molarity of copper you can certainly find the pH. The reactions
shown are just for show. It just tells you how copper acts as an acid so we can just set up a
normal Ka expression and solve for x:


K a Cu  H 2O 6 
2
 
x2
Mi  x
1.6 x 107

x2 x2
1.6 x 107  
0.35 M  x 0.35 M
x  1.6 x 107 *0.35 M  2.4 x 104 M   H 3O 1 
pH   log  H 3O 1    log  2.4 x 104 M   3.63

The answer is (a) 3.63

23. This is a stoichiometry based on the titration of a diprotic strong acid (H2SO4) and a
monoprotic strong base (NaOH). This is the balanced equation:
H 2 SO4  aq   2 NaOH  aq   2 H 2O    Na2 SO4  aq 
The hardest part in this problem is to make sure that you need 2 moles of NaOH for every one
mole of H2SO4:
0.595 moles NaOH 1 mole H 2 SO4
0.0759 L * *  2.26 x102 moles H 2 SO4
1 L of solution 2 moles NaOH
With the moles and the volume of sulfuric acid we can find the molarity of sulfuric acid:
2.26 x102 moles H 2 SO4
 H 2 SO4    6.95 x 102 M H 2 SO4
0.325 L of solution

The answer is (d) 0.070 M

24. To calculate the solubility of CuI you must remember that the K expression looks like this
below:
K sp  CuI   Cu 1   I 1  1.3 x 1012
s 2 1.3 x 1012
s  1.3 x 1012 1.14 x 106 M CuI
Since you want the solution in grams/liter then you can just convert moles of CuI to grams of
CuI:
1.14 x106 moles CuI 190.45 g 2.17 x104 g
* 
L 1 moleCuI L

The answer is (c) 2.17 x 10-4 g/L

25. In this situation remember that low temperatures are enthalpy driven so it is
nonspontaneous at low T then the enthalpy MUST be positive. If it is spontaneous at high
temperature then T S MUST be negative meaning that ΔS is positive.

The answer is (d) ΔHrxn > 0 and ΔSrxn > 0

26. Since enthalpy is negative and we realize that the reaction is going to less disorder (more
moles of gas to less moles of gas) then we know that ΔH is – and ΔS is negative. This reaction
will only be spontaneous at low temperatures.

The answer (e) Only at low temperatures

27. This question is really just asking you to calculate the “cross-over temperature”. Since we
are given the enthalpy and entropy we must remember to convert entropy to Joules:
275.9 J 1 kJ 0.2759 kJ
* 
mol * K 1000 J mol * K
178.17 kJ
H sys mol
TCT    645.78 K
S sys 0.2759 kJ
mol * K

The answer is (a) 646 K

28. With the standard free energy change given and a temperature you can kind the Ka of HCN:
Grxn   RT ln  K 
 0.008314 kJ 
  298 K  ln  K a  HCN  
52.61 kJ

mol  mol * K 
52.61 kJ
ln  K a  HCN    mol   21.23
 0.008314 kJ 
   298 K 
 mol * K 
e  a
ln K  HCN  
 e 21.23
K a  HCN   6.00 x 1010
With the given pH we can solve for x and then solve for Mi:
104.72   H 3O 1  1.91 x 105 M  x

1.91 x105 M 
2
x2
K a  HCN   6.00 x 10 10
 
M i  x M i 1.91 x 105 M

1.91 x10 M
5 2

Mi   1.91 x 105 M  0.605 M

6.00 x 1010
 HCN EQ  M i  x  0.605 M 1.91 x 105 M  0.605 M

The answer is (c) 0.605 M