Web Programming Ans.
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is simply
Q1. Explain the two main ways that HTTP protocol
to send information to a web server.
Ans.GET method: The foundation of HTTP/0.9 (the
first implementation of the HTTP protocol)
was the definition of the GET method that was used by
a web browser to request a specific document.
POST method: The POST method allows web
browsers to send an unlimited amount of data to a web
server by allowing them to tag it on to an HTTP request
after the request headers as the message body.
Q2. How are JSPs better than servlets?
Ans. Java programming knowledge is needed to
develop and maintain all aspects of the application,
since the
processing code and the HTML elements are lumped
together. b) Changing the look and feel of the
application,
or adding support for a new type of client, requires the
servlet code to be updated and recompiled. c) It’s hard
to take advantage of web-page development tools when
designing the application interface. If such tools are
used to develop the web page layout, the generated
HTML must then be manually embedded into the
servlet
code, a process which is time consuming, error prone,
and extremely boring. Adding JSP to the puzzle we
solve
these problems.So JSPs better than servlets
Q3. Explain GET and POST method.
Ans: When a client sends a request to the server, the
clients can also additional information with the URL to
describe what exactly is required as output from the
server by using the GET method. The additional
sequence
of characters that are appended to URL is called a query
string. However, the length of the query string is
limited to 240 characters. Moreover, the query string is
visible on the browser and can therefore be a security
risk.
to overcome these disadvantages, the POST method can
be used. The POST method sends the data as packets
through a separate socket connection. The complete
transaction is invisible because to the client. The
disadvantage
of POST method is that it is slower compared to the
GET method because data is sent to the server as
separate packets.
Q4. What is HTML? What is the use of HTML?
a markup language, which is used to describe the
logical structure
of a document.
Q5. Describe the role of deployment descriptors.
Ans: This is an XML file describing the servlet and
other components that make up your application, along
with any initialization parameters and container-
managed security constraints that we want the server to
enforce for us. The ejb-jar.xml or application.xml file
is used as deployment descriptor.
Q6. Explain document object model.
Ans: The Document Object Model, or DOM, is the
interface that allows programmatically accessing and
manipulating the contents of a web page or document.
It provides a structured, object-oriented representation
of the individual elements and content in a page with
methods for retrieving and setting the properties of
those objects. It also provides methods for adding and
removing such objects, allowing us to create dynamic
content The DOM also provides an interface for dealing
with events, allowing to capture and respond to user or
browser actions. The Document Object
Model is the real core of dynamic HTML. It makes
HTML changeable. The DOM is the hierarchy of
elements that are present in the browser at any given
time. DOM.
Q7. What is JSP? What is the use of JSP? OR What
are the advantages of JSP?
Ans. JSP is stands for Java server Page. JSP is a
technology for developing web page that include
dynamic content.
JSP is use for change
Q. What are the advantages of JSP?
Ans: 1) JSP supports both scripting- and element-based
dynamic content and allows programmers to develop
custom tag libraries to satisfy application-specific
needs. 2) JSP pages are compiled for efficient server
processing.
3) JSP pages can be used in combination with servlets
that handle the business logic, the model supported by
Java
servlet template engines.
Q9. Explain entity beans and session beans.
Ans: There are two kinds of Enterprise Java Beans,
“Entity Beans” and “Session Beans”. Entity Bean:
An entity bean is an object with special properties: a) It
is permanent: an entity bean stays around until
it is deleted. A program can create an entity bean then
the program can be stopped and restarted. b) It is
network based: an entity bean can be used by any
program on the network. It is executed remotely: an
entity bean run on a “server” machine. It is identified
by a primary key: The primary key is unique; each
entity bean is uniquely identified by its primary key.
Session Beans: Session beans are different from of
entity beans in that they are not permanent objects.
Session beans can be used to distribute and isolate
processing tasks. Session bean can be used to perform
a certain task on behalf of its client. The tasks can be
distributed on different machines. Session bean may
perform a task of remote location. Session beans do not
have a primary key.
Q10. Explain the methods to access nodes in a
document tree.
Ans: methods for accessing and creating other nodes in
the document tree. Some methods are:
getElementById(), getElementsByTagName(),
createElement(), createAttribute(), createTextNode().
All of the above methods (except
getElementsByTagName()) can only be used against
the document
object, i.e., using the syntax : document.methodName().
Q11. What is the difference between internet &
intranet?
Ans. Internet -: Internet is global network of networks.
Internet is a tool for collaborating academic research,
and it has become a medium for exchanging and
distributing information of all kinds. It is an
interconnection
between several computers of different types belonging
to various networks all over global.
Intranet -: Intranet is not global. It is a mini web that is
limited to user machines and software program of
particulars organization or company.
Q12. What are the different between session and
application?
Ans: Sessions—Sessions are something the server
offers us to support user tracking, and they’re great,
although they can take up a lot of resources on the
server. Sessions preserve data between accesses to a
Web page by the same user.
Applications—Applications are much like sessions, as
we’ll see, but they’re more general—
we can share data between all the JSP pages in a site
using applications. In other words, unlike
sessions, applications can be used to track multiple
users at the same time.
Q13. What is the difference between web server and
application server?
Ans: Web server: Web server is the software
responsible for accepting browser requests, retrieving
its
content & returning its content. By default, Web
browsers use port 80 for their requests. Web servers are
often called httpd, using a UNIX convention in which
daemons are named with the name of the service
followed by the letter “d”. Web servers first retrieve the
request using Berkeley sockets.
Most web servers on Internet today run on UNIX
machines.
Application server: An application server commonly
includes a web server so perhaps we can see an
application server as an extension of a web server. In
application server you can deploy a java components
ranging from simple java application to server side
business components. Usually when we want to deploy
EJBs we will go for App servers like web-logic or web-
sphere. In application server, ejb-jar.xml or
application.xml file is used as deployment descriptor.
Q14. Differentiate between Java & Java scripts.
Java -:Java Programming language,is an OOP
Language and development environment, application
environment, deployment environment. It is standalone
programming Language that do not require a web
browser to execute.
Java script: It is a contained in the HTML source of
webpage. It controls document appearance and content.
It also manipulates embedded images and it also
interacts with Applets. Its advantage is that it is
simplified,
it doesn’t have to be compiled and the source code
resides within our HTML document.
Q15. What is the difference between HTML and
DHTML?
Ans: HTML: HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup
Language. It is a language. HTML can’t be
done after the page loads. HTML can be or not used
with JavaScript.
DHTML: DHTML stands for Dynamic Hyper Text
Markup Language. DHTML isn’t really a
language or a “thing” in itself it’s just a mix of those
technologies. Dynamic HTML is simply HTML
that can change even after a page has been loaded into a
browser. DHTML can be used with JavaScript.
Q16. Discuss the difference between static and
dynamic web pages.
Ans: a) The great numbers of web pages on the internet
are static HTML pages but visitors find dynamically
generated web pages because they are provide instant
access to highly relevant information. b) Static pages
are
easily read by search engine spider, Dynamic sites are
also easy to update. c) Static web pages are simple text
files that are displayed by your browser upon request,
Dynamic Web pages, contain little actual text. They are
created each time they are requested, retrieving
information from a database.
Q17. What is an application server?
Ans: An application server commonly includes a web
server so perhaps we can see an application server
as an extension of a web server. In application server
we can deploy a java components ranging from simple
java
application to server side business components like
EJBs
Q18. Explain briefly about cascading style sheets
(CSS).
Ans: CSS stands for Cascading style sheets. CSS is the
part of DHTML that controls the look and placement
of the elements on a page. With CSS we can basically
set any style property of any element on a HTML page.
One of the biggest advantages with CSS instead of the
regular way of changing the look of elements is that
we split content from design. If we want to change like
the font size of our main text we just change it in the
CSS file and all pages are updated. In CSS program
always place the style tag inside the head of document.
The syntax for CSS code is: <style type=”text/css”>
Element{property1:value;property:value2} </style>
Q19. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
EJBs?
Ans: Advantage of EJB: a) Many vendor application
servers conform to the J2EE specification allowing
one to select a best-of-breed solution. b) To handle
fluctuations in resource demand server-side resources
can easily be scaled by adding or removing servers. c)
Application servers provide access to complex
services, namely transaction and security management,
resource pooling, JNDI, component lifecycle
management, etc.
Disadvantage of EJB: a) EJB has a large and
complicated specification.
b) EJBs take longer to develop. Also, they can be more
difficult to debug. c) No sooner have we deployed
our EJB application than we see a new specification
coming down the pipe with newer features, rendering
our application obsolete. This situation, however, is
unavoidable with cutting-edge technologies.
Q20. What is CGI? Give example of CGI
applications and explain anyone of them.
Ans: CGI or “Common Gateway Interface” is a
specification which allows web users to run programs
from
their computer. CGI is the part of the Web server that
can communicate with other programs running on the
server. The Web server can call up a program, while
passing user-specific data to the program. The program
then processes that data and the server passes the
program’s response back to the Web browser. Some of
the possible applications of CGI are:
1) Forms: - One of the most prominent uses of CGI is in
processing forms are subsets of HTML that allow
the user to supply information forms. The forms
interface makes Web browsing an interactive process
for
the user and the provider.
2) Gateways: - CGI provides a solution to the problem
in the form of a gateway. We can use a language
such as oraperl or a DBI extension to Perl to form SQL
queries to read the information contained within
the database. Once we have the information, we can
format and send it to the client. In this case, the
CGI program servers as a gateway to the Oracle
database. 3) Virtual Documents: - Virtual, or dynamic,
document creation is at the heart of CGI. They are
created on the fly in response to a user’s information
request. We can create virtual HTML, plain text, image,
and even audio documents.
b) In brief explain two types of PEARL variables.
Q21. What is SSL? Why do you require SSL?
Ans: SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer. SSL is a
protocol. It is developed by Netscape, has become
the universal standard on the Web for authenticating
Web sites to Web browser users, and for encrypting
communications between browser users and Web
servers.We required SSL is to provide security for
Web traffic. Security includes confidentiality, message
integrity, and authentication. SSL is built into
all major browsers and Web servers, simply installing a
digital certificate, or Server ID, enables SSL
capabilities.
Q22. Explain how HTTP is used in client/server
system. Further, Justify “HTML is a language of the
web”.
Ans: HTTP is a “request-response” type protocol that
specifies that a client will open a connection to a
server then send a request using a very specific format.
HTTP is a language spoken between our web
browser (client s/w) and a web server (server software)
so that they can communicate with each other and
exchange files. Client/server system is a very eager way
of distributing information across information
systems like LAN, WAN, or the Internet. A
client/server system works something like this: A server
sits in some office somewhere with a bunch of files that
people might want access to. This computer runs
a software package that listens all day long to requests
over the wires. The “server software” will then
accesses the server hardware, find the requested file,
send it back over the wires to the “client” who
requested it, and then wait for another request from the
same or another client. HTML is a simply markup
language used to define a logic structure rather than
computer. The beauty of HTML of route is that it is
generic enough that it can be read and interpreted by a
web browser running on any machine or o/s. It
only focuses on describing is responsible for adding
style. So that HTML is the language of the web.
Q23. What is EJB and give the advantage of EJB.
Ans: An EJB is a server-side component that executes
specific business logic. EJBs run on a server and
are invoked by local or remote clients. Advantage of
EJB: a) Many vendor application servers conform to
the J2EE specification allowing one to select a best-of-
breed solution. b) To handle fluctuations in resource
demand server-side resources can easily be scaled by
adding or removing servers. c) Application servers
provide access to complex services, namely transaction
and security management, resource pooling, JNDI
(Java Naming and Directory Interface), component
lifecycle management, etc.
Q24. Explain the several ways of tracking users.
Ans: The several Ways of tracking users are
followings:
Hidden text: It is easier way to associating information
which is not directly associated to user.
Cookies: -This is probably the most common way of
tracking users on the Internet. We can store information
in a user’s computer using cookies, and retrieve it
when we need it. We can also specify how long the
cookie
should exist before being deleted by the browser.
Sessions: -Sessions are something the server offers us
to support user tracking, and they’re great, although
they
can take up a lot of resources on the server. Preserve
data between accesses to a Web page by the same user.
Application:- Data can be shard using application can
be used to track multiple users at same time.
Q25. Briefly explain role played by CGI
programming in web programming.
Ans: CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface. CGI
is the part of the Web server that can communicate
with other programs running on the server. CGI
provides a “gateway” between a human user with
unexpected
and complex needs, and a powerful, command/logic
oriented server. All CGI applications must translate the
needs of clients into server requests, and translate
server replies into meaningful well-presented
“answers”. The
CGI script will be responsible for processing the form
data, which is filled by user and responding to the client
in the form of dynamically generated HTML. With
CGI, the Web server can call up a program, while
passing
user-specific data to the program (such as what host the
user is connecting from, or input the user has supplied
using HTML form syntax). The program then processes
that data and the server passes the program’s response
back to the Web browser.
Q26. How do you create a Cookie? Explain with an
example.
Ans: Cookies is the way to store information in user’s
computer and retrieve it when we need it. Cookies are
small text file that used by a webserver to keep tracking
of users. A cookie has value in the form of key-value
pair.
They are created by user and sent to the client with the
HTTP response headers. The client saves the cookies in
the
local disk and sends them along with the HTTP request
headers to the server. To create the cookies, we use the
cookies class, constructor, packing it the name of the
cookie and test in the cookie. We can also set length of
time
the cookie will exits on the user’s computer with set
MaxAge method.
We pass value in second to make the cookie last for
a day we can pass a value of 24*60*60 in this way.
<HTML><HEAD> <TITLE>Setting a
Cookie</TITLE> </HEAD><BODY>
<H1>Hello Cookie</H1>
<% Cookie cookie1 = new Cookie("message",
"Hello!"); cookie1.setMaxAge(24 * 60 * 60);
response.addCookie(cookie1); %> </BODY>
</HTML>
Q27. What is XML? Explain in brief.
Ans: Extensible markup language is a text-based
markup language that enables to store data in a
structured format
by using meaningful tags. XML is a cross-platform, h/w
& s/w independent markup language. XML allows
computers
to store data in a format that can be interpreted by any
other computer system. XML can be used to transfer
structured
data between various systems. Xml is used as a
common data interchanges format in a number of
applications.
XML is extremely simple. XML represents
information as text using tags to add structure. A tag
begins with a
name sandwiched between less-than (<) and greater-
than (>) characters.
Advantages of XML: a) it provides a way
of creating domain-specific vocabulary.
b) It enables smart searches.
c) It provides user-selected view of data.
d) it allows granular updates.
XMl Document- <?xml version=”1.0" encoding=”UTF-
8"?><MyDocument></MyDocument>
e.g.: <? xml version=”1.0”?>
<authors><author><firstname>raj</firstname><lastna
me><kumar</lastname></author></authers>
Q28. What is Java script? What is the use of Java
script and what are its disadvantages?
Ans: JavaScript is a scripting language (like a simple
programming language). JavaScript is a language that
can be
used for client-side scripting. JavaScript is only used
inside of HTML documents. With JavaScript, we can
make
text scroll across the screen like ticker tape.
The uses of JavaScript are: i) Control Document
Appearance and Content ii) Control the Browser
iii) Interact with Document Control iv) Interact with
User v) Read and Write Client State with Cookies
vi) Interact with Applets vii) JavaScript is only used
inside of HTML documents.
Disadvantages: i) JavaScript do not have any graphics
capabilities.
ii) For security reasons, client-side JavaScript does not
allow the reading or writing of files.
iii) JavaScript does not support any kind of networking.
iv) JavaScript doesn’t have any multithreading
capabilities.
Q29. Explain two different types of PEARL
variables.
Ans: Perl has three types of variables: scalars, arrays,
and hashes.
Scalars: A scalar variable stores a single (scalar) value.
Perl scalar names are prefixed with a dollar sign ($),
so for example, $username, and $url are all examples of
scalar variable names. A scalar can hold data of any
type, be it a string, a number, or whatnot. We can also
use scalars in double-quoted strings: my $fnord = 23;
my $blee = “The magic number is $fnord.”; Now if
you print $blee, we will get “The magic number is 23.”
Perl interpolates the variables in the string, replacing
the variable name with the value of that variable.
Arrays: An array stores an ordered list of values. While
a scalar variable can only store one value, an array can
store
many. Perl array names are prefixed with a @-sign.
e.g.:
my @colors = (“red”,”green”,”blue”); foreach my $i
(@colors) { print “$i\n”; }
Q30. What are the advantages of using servlet?
Ans: the servlet to take advantage of HTTP
“connection keep alive”. If content length can not be set
in advance,
the performance penalties associated with not using
keep alive will sometimes be avoided if the response
entity
fits in an internal buffer. Servlet has all the advantages
like platform and vendor independence, integration,
efficiency, scalability, robustness, and security.
Q31. Explain in brief the building block of web.
Ans: There are two most important building blocks of
web: 1) HTML and 2) HTTP.
HTML: - HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup
Language. HTML is a very simple language used to
“describe”
the logical structure of a document. Actually, HTML is
often called programming language it is really not.
Programming languages are “Turing-complete”, or
“computable”. That is, programming languages can be
used
to compute something such as the square root of pi or
some other such task. Typically programming
languages
use conditional branches and loops and operate on data
contained in abstract data structures. HTML is much
easier than all of that. HTML is simply a ‘markup
language’ used to define a logical structure rather than
compute anything.
HTTP: - HTTP is a “request-response” type protocol. It
is a language spoken between web browser (client
software)
and a web server (server software) so that can
communicate with each other and exchange files. Now
let us
 understand how client/server system works using
HTTP. A client/server system works something like
this:
A big piece of computer (called a server) sits in some
office somewhere with a bunch of files that people
might want access to. This computer runs a software
package that listens all day long to requests over the
wires.
Q32. What is CGI? Give example of CGI
applications and explain anyone of them.
Ans: CGI or “Common Gateway Interface” is a
specification which allows web users to run programs
from their
computer. CGI is the part of the Web server that can
communicate with other programs running on the
server.
The Web server can call up a program, while passing
user-specific data to the program. The program then
processes
that data and the server passes the program’s response
back to the Web browser.
Some of the possible applications of CGI are:
1) Forms: - One of the most prominent uses of CGI is
in processing forms are subsets of HTML that
allow the user to supply information forms. The forms
interface makes Web browsing an interactive process
for the
user and the provider.
2) Gateways: - CGI provides a solution to the problem
in the form of a gateway. We can use a language such
as oraperl or a DBI extension to Perl to form SQL
queries to read the information contained within the
database.
Once we have the information, we can format and send
it to the client. In this case, the CGI program servers as
a gateway to the Oracle database.
3) Virtual Documents: - Virtual, or dynamic,
document creation is at the heart of CGI. They are
created on the fly
in response to a user’s information request. We can
create virtual HTML, plain text, image, and even audio
documents.
Q33. What is JSP? How it is different from CGI
programming?
Ans: JSP stands for Java Server Pages. It is a
technology for developing web pages that include
dynamic content.
A JSP page can change its content based on any number
of variable items, including the identity of the user, the
user’s browser type, information provided by the user,
and selections made by the user. A JSP page contains
standard markup language elements, such as HTML
tags, just like a regular web page. JSP also contains
special
JSP elements that allow the server to insert dynamic
content in the page. JSP elements can be used for a
variety
of purposes, such as retrieving information from a
database or registering user preferences. JSP defines a
number
of standard elements that are useful for any web
application.
Q34. What are the disadvantages of hidden
controls?
Ans: Storing data in hidden controls works, it is not
very secure, and the data stored in those controls
is visible if the user views the page’s HTML source.
We can’t store data between sessions.
Q35. Explain briefly the uses of Java Scripts.
Ans: JavaScript is a Client - Side Scripting. JavaScript
changes the font size or any other
CSS property on an element. So JavaScript plays a
really big role in DHTML.
Q36.Summarize salient features of HTTP protocol.
Ans: HTTP is a protocol that is
defined in several RFC´s located
at the Internic. HTTP is a
“request-response” type protocol
that specifies that a client will
open a connection to a server
then send a request using a very
specific format. HTTP is a
language spoken between our
web browser (client s/w) and a web server (server
software) so that they can communicate with each other
and exchange files. Client/server system is a very keen
way of distributing information across information
systems like a local area network (LAN), a wide area
network (WAN), or the Internet. A client/server system
works something like this: A big hunk of computer
(called a server) sits in some office somewhere with a
bunch of files that people might want access to. This
computer runs a software package that listens all day
long to requests over the wires. The “server software”
will then accesses the server hardware, find the
requested file, send it back over the wires to the “client”
who requested it, and then wait for another request from
the same or another client. The client software however,
deals with all the underlying client/server protocol stuff
and then displays the document. Web programming is a
game of getting user input, processing that input, and
returning a dynamic response.

Q37.With syntax explain the five TYPE attribute
that INPUT tag defines.
Ans: The INPUT tag defines a form element that can
receive user input. The TYPE attribute
determines the specific sort of form element to be
created. TYPE can be one of the following:
1) INPUT TYPE=”BUTTON”: A button appears in
the form. We must specify JavaScript
code as the value of the ONCLICK attribute to
determine what happens when the user clicks the
button.
Syntax :< INPUT TYPE="BUTTON"
-NAME="buttonName" -VALUE=" buttonText"
ONCLICK=" JScode">
2) INPUT TYPE=”CHECKBOX”: A checkbox is a
toggle that the user can
select (switch on) or deselect (switch off.) Syntax :
<INPUT TYPE=”CHECKBOX”
-CHECKED NAME=”name” -ONCLICK=”JScode”
-VALUE=”checkboxValue”>
3) INPUT TYPE=”FILE”: This places an element on
an HTML form that lets the user
supply a file as input. When the form is submitted, the
content of the specified file is sent to
the server as the value portion of the name/value pair
for this input element. Syntax :< INPUT
TYPE="FILE" -NAME=" name" -VALUE="
filename" >
4) INPUT TYPE=”HIDDEN”: A hidden input
element is an invisible element whose main
purpose is to contain data that the user does not enter.
This data gets sent to the invoked CGI
program when the form is submitted. Syntax : <INPUT
TYPE="HIDDEN" -NAME=" name" -VALUE="
value" >
5) INPUT TYPE=”SUBMIT”: When a user clicks a
submit button, the form is submitted,
which means that the ACTION specified for the form is
invoked. Syntax: <INPUT TYPE
="SUBMIT" -NAME=" name" -VALUE=" value" >
6) INPUT TYPE=”PASSWORD”: A password
element is a text input field in which each
character typed is displayed as a character such as * or
a black dot to conceal the actual value.
Syntax: <INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD"
-MAXLENGTH="maxChar” -NAME
="name" -ONSELECT="JScode "-SIZE="charLength"
-VALUE="textValue” >
Q38.Explain in brief ordered list tags.
Ans: The OL tag displays an ordered, or numbered, list.
The default numbering
style is determined by the browser, but we can use the
tag’s TYPE attributes to
change the numbering sequence and numbering style.
Use the LI tag to designate the
individual list items. Syntax : <OL -START="value"
- TYPE= "A"|"a"|"I"|"i"|"1" -CLASS= "styleClass”
-ID="namedPlaceOrStyle"
–LANG=”ISO” -STYLE=”style” > </OL> Example:
The following example
uses the LI tag to define three list elements in an
ordered list. The numbers are
shown as roman numerals and the first item has the
number three.
<P>The following steps outline how to create HTML
files :</P> <OL START="3" TYPE="I">
<LI> Use a text editor or Netscape Composer to create
our HTML file.<LI> Put the HTML files
on a web server.<LI> Test the files by viewing them in
a web browser.</OL>
Q39.Explain CGI - Pm module with an example
Ans: Perl offers a powerful feature to programmers:
add-on modules. These are collections
of pre-written code that can use to do all kinds of tasks.
We can save the time and trouble
of reinventing the wheel by using these modules. Some
modules are included as part of the
Perl distribution; these are called standard library
modules and don’t have to be installed.
We’re not doing use CGI.pm but rather use CGI. The
.pm is implied in the use statement.
The qw(:standard) part of this line indicates that we are
importing the “standard” set of function from CGI.pm.
#!/usr/bin/perl –wT -use CGI qw(:standard);-print
header;-print start_html(“Hello World”);-print
“<h2>Hello,
world!</h2>\n”;-print
end_html; CGI.pm also has
a number of functions that
serve as HTML shortcuts.
Q40. What is a
webserver? Explain.
Ans: The Web server is software. It is responsible for
accepting browser requests,
retrieving the specified file, and returning its contents.
Web servers first retrieve the
request using Berkeley sockets. The Web server listens
for requests on a particular
port on the server machine. Once the
server receives the request, it locates the
document being requested. It looks for the
file under the document root directory.
The server sends the contents of the file
back to the client. By default web browsers
use port no. 80 for their requests. Once the
server receives the request, it locates the
document being requested. It looks for the
file under the document root directory. For example, if
the document root is /usr/local/httpd/htdocs,
and the client requests the document
/staff/matthew.html, then the server retrieves
/usr/local/httpd/
htdocs/staff/ matthew.html.The server sends the
contents of the file back to the client, along with some
HTTP response headers. Among the data in the
response headers is the media type (also known as a
content type or MIME type), i.e., the format that the file
is in.
Q41.Explain JSP error handling.
Ans: Like all development methods, JSPs need a
dynamic mechanism for handling errors.
The JSP architecture provides an error-handling
solution through the use of JSPs that are
written exclusively to handle JSP errors. The errors that
occur most frequently are runtime
errors that can arise either in the body of the JSP page
or in some other object that is called
from the body of the JSP page. Request-time errors that
result in an exception being thrown
can be caught and handled in the body of the calling
JSP, which signals the end of the error.
Exceptions that are not handled in the calling JSP result
in the forwarding of the client request,
including the uncaught exception, to an error page
specified by the offending JSP. Here we
see how an error page works, let’s create a simple JSP
that throws an uncaught exception.
The JSP shown here uses the error page created in the
previous section.
<%@ page errorPage=”errorpage.jsp” %><%if ( true )
{ throw new Exception(“An uncaught
Exception”);}%> In this listing that the first line of
code sets errorPage equal to errorpage.jsp,
which is the name of the error page. To make a JSP
aware of an error page,we simply need to add the
errorPage attribute to the page directive and set its
value equal to the location of our JSP error page.
Q42. Explain any three method of the
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession interface.
Ans. a) void addCookie(Cookie cookie): -Adds the
specified cookie to the response object
b) java.util.Enumeration getAttributeNames():
-Returns Java Enumeration of String objects containing
the names of all the objects in this session.
c) long getCreationTime(): -Returns the time when
this session was created (measured in
milliseconds since midnight January 1, 1970 GMT).
d) long getLastAccessedTime(): -Returns the last time
the client sent a request in
with this session, as the number of milliseconds since
midnight January 1, 1970 GMT.
e) int getMaxInactiveInterval(): - Returns the
maximum time, in seconds, which the
server will keep this session open between client
accesses.
f) void removeAttribute(java.lang.String name):
-Removes the object with
the specified name from this session.
Q43. What do you mean by scriptlets in JSP?
Ans: Scriptlets are the JSP components that bring all
the JSP elements together.
They can contain almost any coding statements that are
valid for the language
referenced in the language directive. They are executed
at request time, and they
can make use of all the JSP components. The syntax
for a scriptlet is as follows:
<% scriptlet source %>
Q44.What is SSL? What is the necessity of it?
Explain the working of SSL.
Ans: SSL stands
for
Secure Sockets
Layer.
SSL is a protocol.
It is developed by
Netscape, has become the
universal standard on the
Web for authenticating
Web sites to Web browser
users, and for encrypting
communications between browser users and Web
servers. The main role of SSL
is to provide security for Web traffic. Security includes
onfidentiality, message
integrity, and authentication. The working of SSL is:
SSL has two distinct entities,
server and client. The client is the entity that initiates
the transaction, whereas the
server is the entity that responds to the client and
negotiates which cipher suites
are used for encryption. In SSL, the Web browser is
the client and the Web-site
server is the server. Three protocols lie within SSL, the
Handshake Protocol,
the Record Protocol, and the Alert Protocol. The client
authenticates the server
during the Handshake Protocol. When the session is
initiated and the handshake
is complete, the data transfer is encrypted during the
Record Protocol phase.
If there are any alarms at any point during the session,
the alert is attached to
the questionable packet and handled according to the
Alert Protocol.
Q45. Write a JavaScript program to pop up an alert
message.
Ans: <HTML> <HEAD> <Script language=”Java
Script”> alert (“This is an alert message for java
script”)
</SCRIPT></HEAD><BODY></BODY></HTML>
Q46.Explain in brief how to use hidden controls in a
web page. Give an example. Further,
list the advantages and disadvantages of hidden
controls.
Ans: Using HTML hidden control is an easy way to
store data in a webpage.
The user set the text to store in a hidden control in a
text field.
The code stores the text, the user type in the hidden
control.
Advantages: A hidden control in a Web page is the
easiest way of associating
some information with the user that’s not directly
accessible to him. Hidden
controls to store data in the Web page sent to the
browser and then sent back to the server
Disadvantages: Storing data in hidden controls is not
very secure. The data stored in those
controls is visible if the user views the page’s HTML
source. We can’t store data between sessions.
Q47.Explain the ordered lists and unordered lists.
Ans: Ordered lists: The OL tag displays an ordered,
or numbered, list. The default numbering
style is determined by the browser, but you can use the
tag’s TYPE attributes to change the
numbering sequence and numbering style. Use the LI
tag to designate the individual list items.
Syntax: <OL -START="value"- TYPE= "A" |"a"| "I"
|"I "|"1" -CLASS= "styleClass” –
ID="namedPlaceOrStyle" –LANG=”ISO”
-STYLE=”style” > </OL>.
Unordered list: The UL tag displays a bulleted list.
You can use the tag’s TYPE
attribute to change the bullet style. Use the LI tag to
designate the individual list items in the list.
Syntax: <UL TYPE="CIRCLE"|"DISC"|"SQUARE"
-CLASS="styleClass" –
ID="namedPlaceOrStyle"—LANG= “ISO”
-STYLE=”style” > </UL>.
Q48.Write HTML script to display “Hello world,
welcome to the
world of HTML”, the title as “world of HTML”.
Ans: <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>world of
HTML</TITLE><Script language=”Java Script”>
Hello world, welcome to the world of
HTML</SCRIPT></HEAD><BODY></BODY>
</HTML>
Q49.Write a JSP program which displays different
message to the user based on the time of day.
Ans: <%@ taglib prefix=”c”
uri=”http://java.sun.com/jstl/core” %> <html> <body
bgcolor=”white”>
<jsp:useBean id=”clock” class=”java.util.Date” />
<c:choose><c:when test=”${clock.hours < 12}”>
<h1>Good morning!</h1></c:when><c:when test=”$
{clock.hours < 18}”><h1>Good day!</h1>
</c:when><c:otherwise><h1>Good evening!
</h1></c:otherwise></c:choose>Welcome to our site,
open 24 hours a day.</body></html>.
Q50.With diagram explain the life-cycle of Servlet in
briefly.
Ans: The lifecycle of a Servlet consists of the following
fundamental stages:
• Instantiation - The web server creates an
instance of a servlet. This based on a request or
a container startup
• Initialization - The web server creates the
instance’s init() method. When web server loads
a web application, it also loads the initialization
parameters associated with the application.
• Service - This is the third state in the servlet
lifecycle. In this state the servlets service()
method is called which generates response.
i) Setting the content type of the
response. The receiving application
(browser) uses this information to
know how to treat the response data.
 ii) Print Writer is a class from java.io caption for the table. We can use the CELLSPACING
package that extends the attribute to specify
java.io.writer abstract class. the distance between cells in the table and the
iii) We can use meta tags in the HTML CELLPADDING attribute to
generated to indicate browser not to specify the distance between the border and content of
cache page and some of the similar every cell.
tasks.
• Destroy - This is the final stage in a servlet
lifecycle. In this stage destroy() method is called
before shutting down the servlet.
Q51.What is servlets? Give the Basic servlet
structure.
Ans: Servlets are programs that run on a Web server
and build Web pages.
The outline of a basic servlet that handles GET
requests. GET
requests, are
requests made by
browsers when the
user types in a
URL on the
address line,
follows a link from
a Web page, or
makes an HTML form that does not specify a
METHOD. Servlets can also very easily handle POST
requests, which are generated when someone creates an
HTML form that specifies METHOD=”POST”. A class
should extend HttpServlet and override doGet or
doPost, depending on whether the data is being sent by
GET or by POST. These methods take two arguments:
HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse.
HttpServletRequest has methods that find out about
incoming information such as FORM data, HTTP
request headers. HttpServletResponse has methods that
specify the HTTP response line response, PrintWriter
used to headers and most importantly, obtain a send
output back to the client. For simple servlets, most of
the effort is spent in println statements that generate the
desired page. We have to import classes in java.io ,
javax.servlet , and javax.servlet.http. DoGet and doPost
are called by the service method, and sometimes we
want to override service directly.

Q52.Explain the tags that use to design table.

Ans: The TABLE tag defines a table. Inside the
TABLE tag,
use the TR tag to define rows in the table, use the TH
tag to
define row or column headings, and use the TD tag to
define table cells.
The TABLE tag can also contain a CAPTION tag,
which specifies the