Hybrid Optical-Wireless Network Architectures

for Cloud Services Delivery

Ioan Turus
s090878
Cloud computing is …
• A technical solution which gives the possibility to externalize the resources
needed for running an application or obtaining a service.

• The resources can be:

– Computing power
– Storage
– Network
– Or even specific applications or platforms (e.g. OSs, Microsoft Word, mail
system … and others)

• The result is that you can have a “light” terminal working as being a
“supercomputer” with “super applications”.
– E.g. renting processing power and platform from Amazon and running
Matlab applications from your smart phone

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Why cloud computing?
• Cheaper resources
– You don’t have to buy expensive HW that you are going to use 15%
of the time at full capacity => you would rather rent this resource
and pay per use

• Breaks limits
– Offer of resources that would be probably impossible to be owned by
a normal end-user

• No more concerns with management and maintenance

– HW and SW resources are being handled by professionals and
updated accordingly

• Provides:
– Flexibility
– Resiliency
– Scalability
– Workload migration
– Virtualization
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Types of Cloud Computing Services
• 3 major categories:
– IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service)
• E.g. Buying/renting three IBM System Z servers by a small
company that wants to install its own platform and run
applications on it

– PaaS (Platform As A Service)

• A cloud provider offers a platform (similar to an API) where
developers can create and run applications specific to that
platform
• E.g. Google Apps Engine

– SaaS (Software As A Service)

• A cloud provider offers a service that runs within the cloud
• E.g. Word application provided by Google Docs

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Types of Clouds
• 3 major categories:
– Public
• The infrastructure and the control of the cloud resources is
controlled by the cloud provider
• Is reachable by anyone

– Private
• The infrastructure is controlled by the cloud provider
• The client controls of the cloud resources
• The resources are independent from other resources handled
by different clients

– Internal
• Similar to Private Cloud but the security is not such a high
concern anymore as the physical resources are inside the
company’s infrastructure

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Clouds – a network perspective
• The Cloud is formed by a number of Data Centers (resources) consisting
of computing and storage power linked by certain connections.

• The idea for any cloud application is that it should be reachable through
any internet/public network connection.
– The idea is taken from the grid computing (plug in, get the resource
and pay per use)

Public Cloud vs. Private Cloud

• Requires a network design that • Needs end-to-end network
permits public access from management capabilities
connecting to Internet
• Needs a flexible network design
• Takes into consideration cost
• Not so much concern about
efficient Internet for delivering the
security as for Public Cloud
cloud computing applications
• Various access methods
• Requires specific security
measures for each end-user
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Clouds – a network perspective. Conclusions
• It is not a matter of physical layer for the “Public Clouds”, as the end-
user has various access methods to the cloud which consists in the whole
Internet

• For the “Private Clouds” – the end-to-end connection between client and
user might be well known and probably designed accordingly to the
needs.

• Usually even for the “Private Clouds” the network access is designed
more as a global network perspective and less from a “cloud perspective”
– Normally clients use the usual Internet connections and in case this is
not enough then they use the “leased line” solutions.

• It is hard to look into the low layers design of the network being driven
by the cloud computing application requirements.

The better the network/Internet connection is – the better the cloud

computing service experience can be.
 Network architecture suggestions can be made in very specific
scenarios: e.g. Cloud-RAN
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Cloud-RAN
Redesign the present metropolitan network for supporting the future needs
and expansion of the various mobile network technologies
 Cloud-RAN Architecture (I)
[1] Cloud RAN – A Key Enabling Technology for NG-RAN, NG-Wireless Team, Huawei, Apr 23 2010

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 Cloud-RAN Architecture (II)
[2] Discovery of Cloud-RAN, Hao Guan, Troels Kolding, Peter Merz, Nokia Siemens Networks, 23rd of April 2010

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Advantages
• Reduces OPEX
– The most significant expenditure on mature markets for mobile networks

• Sharing infrastructure
– Using more efficient the transport network

• Flexible capacity
– Depending on the traffic (specific events) on every antenna covered area,
the capacity can be concentrated in one point or distributed => eliminating
the bottleneck specific e.g. to football games or concerts

• Reduces CAPEX
– Easier to deploy new antennas, having the controllers working remotely
• High reliability
– Due to the specific topology protection schemes
• Multi technology
– Possible to have GSM, 3G and LTE on the same site
• Multi operator
– Possible to have two or more operators running resources on the same site
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Issues to be considered
• Which topology should be used for the metro part ?
– Ring, point to point ?

• Which are the values for:

– Latency
• It is very important to know the end-to-end latency for CPRI in order
to increase the air interface margin (delay) thinking that CPRI
transmission from RRU to the CPUs is going to add delay.
– Synchronization
– Throughput ?

• How to differentiate/prioritize the traffic ? (QoS)

– The infrastructure is not going to be only for controlling the RANs but it is
also used by internet traffic on mobile devices or calls

• How to handle internal interfaces for GSM, 3G and/or LTE ?

• CPRI over OTN/DWDM, CPRI over WDM-PON

– CPRI signal routing
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Industrial approach

• Announcement 15th of February 2011

“MTI Radiocomp & AlliedMicro TPACK A/S collaborate on Cloud RAN“

• Announcement 15th of February 2011

“Alcatel-Lucent and China Mobile have announced plans to develop a
centralized, collaborative, Cloud-based RAN (C-RAN).”

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