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Objectives:
After studying this lesson you should be able to understand:
Primary sources of data
Advantages and disadvantages of primary data
Disadvantages of primary data
Methods of collecting primary data
Secondary sources of data
Features of secondary data
Use of Secondary data
Finally, secondary sources are not limited in time and space. That is, the
researcher using them need not have been present when and where they
were gathered.
8.3.2 Use of Secondary Data
The second data may be used in three ways by a researcher. First, some
specific information from secondary sources may be used for reference
purpose. For example, the general statistical information in the number of
co-operative credit societies in the country, their coverage of villages, their
capital structure, volume of business etc., may be taken from published
reports and quoted as background information in a study on the evaluation
of performance of cooperative credit societies in a selected district/state.
Second, secondary data may be used as bench marks against which the
findings of research may be tested, e.g., the findings of a local or regional
survey may be compared with the national averages; the performance
indicators of a particular bank may be tested against the corresponding
indicators of the banking industry as a whole; and so on.
Finally, secondary data may be used as the sole source of information for a
research project. Such studies as securities Market Behaviour, Financial
Analysis of companies, Trade in credit allocation in commercial banks,
sociological studies on crimes, historical studies, and the like, depend
primarily on secondary data. Year books, statistical reports of government
departments, report of public organizations of Bureau of Public Enterprises,
Censes Reports etc, serve as major data sources for such research studies.
8.7 Summary
Data are facts and other relevant materials, past and present, serving as
bases for study and analyses. The data needed for a social science
research may be broadly classified into (a) Data pertaining to human beings,
(b) Data relating to organization and (c) Data pertaining to territorial areas.
Personal data or data related to human beings consists of: Demographic
and socio-economic characteristics of individuals: Age, sex, race, social
class, religion, martial status, education, occupation income, family size,
location of the household life style etc.
Behavioural variables: Attitudes, opinions, awareness, knowledge, practice,
intentions, etc. Organizational data consist of data relating to an
organizations origin, ownership, objectives, resources, functions,
performance and growth. Territorial data are related to geophysical
characteristics, resource endowment, population, occupational pattern
infrastructure degree of development, etc. of spatial divisions like villages,
cities, taluks, districts, state and the nation. Data form the basis for testing
the hypothesis formulated in a study. Data also provide the facts and figures
required for constructing measurement scales and tables. The sources of
data may be classified into (a) primary sources and (b) secondary sources.
Primary data are first hand information collected through various methods
such as observation, interviewing, mailing etc. The secondary sources
consist of readily compendia and already complied statistical statements
and reports. Finally secondary sources are not limited in time and space.
That is, the researcher using them need not have been present when and
SAQs
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
TQs
1. Section 8.0
2. Section 8.1
3. Section 8.4
4. Section 8.4.2
5. Section 8.5
6. Section 8.6
7. Section 8.6