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UNIT 2

Compreensão do
Texto

TEXT: GALILEO GALILEI


Entender um texto pode parecer, à
primeira vista, assustador, não só pelo
vocabulário, empregando palavras
desconhecidas, mas também pelas
sofistica das construções de
sentenças, ou pelo tamanho.
Nesta unidade vamos ajudá-lo a
compreender e lidar com esses
textos que constituem, atualmente, a
parte principal da maioria dos
exames para ingresso nas
universidades.
Compreender um texto depende muito de
saber mos utilizar os conhecimentos
que já possuímos. Assim, existem
assuntos que nos são familiares,
vocabulário que se assemelha ou
está incorporado ao português,
construções gramaticais que dão senti
do ao conteúdo, etc.
Evidentemente cada pessoa tem seu modo
pecu liar de compreender o que lê,
mas, mesmo assim, aqui estão
algumas sugestões para aprimorar seu
próprio método
n alileo Galilei was a great Italian
scientist
U and astronomer. He was the son of a musician and was born at Pisa, Italy. He was sent
to school at the Monastery of
Vallombrosa, near Florence, and at this
time disliked Science. He had many
gifts and became a good musician as
well as an amateur painter. It was
only later that he became interested in
Science and Mathematics. It was from the
top of the Pisa Tower that he became
interested in science and Mathematics. It
was from the top of the Pisa Tower that
Galileo determined the velocity of
falling objects: all objects fall at the
same speed, wha tever their mass.
Previously people had thought that heavy
objects fell to Erth more quickly than
light ones.

DESENVOLVIMENTO DO
VOCABULÁRIO

I. Sublinhe as palavras do texto


que você já entende.
Ex.: Italian, scientist,
astronomer, school ...
Ao ler um texto
procure:
• Observar o título, se houver, pois, em
geral, este
resume o
assunto.
• Analisar a apresentação ou formato do
texto: um
diálogo, carta, poema, narrativa... .'
Identificar, sublinhando se quiser, as
palavras que
você conhece; as que se assemelham
ao português (os cognatos); e as que
já se incorporaram à nossa língua:
hot-dog, shampoo, family, music,
radio, etc. Identificar a sentença
principal ou assunto de cada
parágrafo. Ler as questões formuladas
ajuda muito na identificação do assunto.
Lembre-se de que para compreender um
texto não é absolutamente
fundamental conhecer todas as pala
vras. É perfeitamente possível
compreendê-lo cap tando o seu
sentido geral..
II. Substitua as palavras em português
por suas corres
pondentes em inglês. Consulte o texto. 1. Galileo Galilei (foi) ... (um) ... (grande) ...
Italian
(cientista)... and (astrônomo)... 2. He was the (filho)... of a (músico) ... (e) ...
(nasceu) ....... at Pisa, (Itália)... 3.
He was (mandado) ... to school at the
(monastério)
... of Vallombrosa, (perto de ... Florence,
and at this
(época)... (não gostava) ... Science. 4. He (tinha)... (muitos) ... (talentos) ... and
(tornou-se)
... a (bom)... musician (bem como) ...
... ... an (ama dor).... (pintor)... .
amateur painter — pintor amador. O
adjetivo em inglês antecede o
substantivo que estiver
qualificando.
Quanto às
questões:
• Algumas pessoas preferem responder
as mais fáceis
primeiro É importante responder
apenas e precisamente aqui lo que
foi perguntado. As questões
formuladas não pedem a sua
opinião, elas se referem ao conteúdo
expresso no texto. Pode acontecer de
você ter opinião contrária à do autor,
mas é a dele que será argüida.
Confira suas respostas relendo o
texto com atenção e, o principal,
CONCENTRE-SE!
III. Relacione as palavras da coluna
A com as da coluna
B, de acordo com seu
significado.
TEXT
А

B
1.
only
2.
later
a) interessado b) torre
(
.
( O.
3. interested 4. top 5. tower 6. same 7. speed 8. whatever 9. Earth 10. quickly 11. light 12. ones
c) velocidade d) Terra e) leve(s) f) somente, apenas g) rapidamente h) topo i) os
(pronome) j) mesma k) qualquer que seja 1) mais tarde, depois
IX. Use the verb to be either in the present or in the past
according to the meaning of the sentence. (Use o verbo to be no presente ou no passado, de
acordo
com o sentido da oração).. 1. Galileo ... a great Italian scientist. 2. ... you interested in
Mathematics? 3. The books ... all in the library (biblioteca). 4. In 1987 Henry and
Bob ... famous musicians. 5. I... determined to be victorious now. 6. We ... not sent to the
monastery in 1994.
AN
IV. Traduza o último parágrafo do texto. Confira sua
tradução com a da resposta (pág. 7)
THERE TO BE (haver)
V. Leia as questões do vestibular e verifique onde, no
texto, se localizam as respostas.
Present tense

QUESTÕES DO VESTIBULAR
Singular Plural
there is (há) there are (ha)

Em português, o verbo haver impessoal é usado apenas na 3a pessoa do singular: "Há


uma pessoa" ou "Há
VI. Leia o texto e responda em português. 1. (Unicamp, SP) Comente sobre os
primeiros interes
ses de Galileu e sua relação com a ciência. 2. (Unicamp, SP) Qual a grande inverdade
científica
desfeita por Galileu? Descreva-a.
there to be — tem singular e plural e concorda com o objeto direto associado ao verbo.

There is a tower in Pisa.


GRAMMAR
singular singular

TO BE
There are good painters in Brazil. plurál plural
Past Tense
I Negative and question form
• Negative form: There is not; there are not
Singular 1a pessoa
was (eu era, eu fui, eu esta va, eu estive)
Isnt
aren't

2a pessoa

3a pessoa
You were He was (masc.) She was (fem.) It was (neutro)
Question form: Is there? Are there? Ex.: There is a box on the table. There is not a box on the
table. Is there a box on the table?
Plural
.
1a pessoa 2a pessoa 3a pessoa
We were You were They were

3. ...
VII. Fill in with the past tense of the verb to be. 1. John ... 2. The boys ... 3. The
student ... at home. 4. I... 5. The scientists ...
X. There is or there are?
an astronomer who is famous in Italy. 2.....
many students interested in History? objects which have different mass.
a monastery near Florence. 5. In Pisa... a tower.
not many famous scientists nowadays (atualmente).

Past tense
VIII. Fill in with the past of the verb to be. 1. The tower ... high (alta) and firm
(firme). 2. He ... an astronomer too (também). 3. It ... only after a few years that he
became interested
in Mathematics. 4. The students ... not different from the others
(outros). 5. Those people ... born in Pisa.

TO BE/THERE TO BE
Singular Plural
there was (havia, houve) there were (havia, houve)

There was a man at the top of the tower.

Singular singular
U
There were many objects falling (caindo) at the same speed.

plural
plural
XV. Much or many? 1. ... scientists are really interested in researches. 2. There are
... facts about superconductivity. 3. Are you really interested in all that, or not very ... ? 4.
Galileo was ... ahead (adiante) of his time.
is said (dito) but little is done (feito).
5. ...
1. ...
VARIAÇÕES NO USO DE MUCH E MANY
XI. There was or there were?
three facts discovered (descobertos) yes terday. 2. In 1820...
no buses. 3. ...
many new painters in Brazil?
strange (estranhos) objects in the sky (céu). 5. ...
a famous tower in Pisa? 6.
a good musician on TV last night?
4. ...

XII. Answer the questions. Give short answers. Example: Are there many new facts about
AIDS? Yes, there are./No, there aren't. 1. Is there a permanent study about falling
objects? 2. Was there a prize (prêmio) for the scientists last
year? 3. Were there many people at the ceremony? 4. Was there an intensive effort
(esforço) from you? 5. Were there a lot of problems to solve? 6. Is there a new
theory about the planets?
how much (quanto/a) How much money is there in the bank?
how many (quantos/as) How many books are there in the library?
so much (tanto/a) Clove you so much.
so many (tantos/as) There were so many objects falling to earth.
too much (demais) Too much whisky isn't good for health (saúde)
too many (demais) There are too many people here aqui)
very much (muito -- advérbio de intensidade) Thank you very much.

XIII. Change to question form. 1. There is a place (lugar) at home. 2. There were
many gifts to give (dar) away. 3. There is a tower in Paris. 4. There were heavy
objects falling. 5. There was a good musician at the party. 6. There is an Italian
scientist called Galileo.
XVI. Preencha, em inglês, com a expressão equivalente à que está em portugês. Tente
resolver o exercício con fiando apenas em sua memória. 1. ...... students are there
in the class? (Quantos) 2. Your hospitality costs (custa)... (demais) 3. There are ...
good people in this world. (tantas) 4. Don't ask (pergunte)... questions. (demais) 5. ...
time is necessary to complete the exercise? (Quanto)

MUCH # MANY
&
LITTLE + FEW
I SINÔNIMOS
much/many - a lot of, lots of, a great deal of, plenty of. I have a lot of friends = I have
many friends There's plenty of money in the bank = There's much money in the bank
Much (muito/a) - é empregado diante de substantivos incontáveis no singular. Ex.:
água, dinheiro. much water, much money
LITTLE + FEW
Many (muitos/as) – é empregado diante de substanti vos contáveis no plural. Ex.:
copos, vidas. many glasses, many lives
Little (pouco/a) — é empregado diante de substantivos incontáveis no singular. Ex.:
fé, ajuda. little faith, little help Few (poucos/as) — é empregado diante de substantivos
contáveis no plural. Ex.: erros, dólares. few mistakes, few dollars
Have they found much oil? (Encontraram muito petróleo?)

incontável, singular
There is little interest in science.
They have got many problems. (Eles têm muitos problemas).
incontável/singular
contável, plural
MUCH/MANY - LITTLE/FEW .
He had few gifts.

contável/plural
1. ... 2. ...
XIV. Much or many?
milk (leite) children exercises money whisky words
· XVII. Little or few?
water (água) 2. ... words
time
schools doctors intelligence

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