Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL DATA ON STUDY REGION............................................................................................................. - 2 -
1.1. HISTORY.............................................................................................................................................................- 2 -
1.2. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE.................................................................................................................................- 2 -
1.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF TSOGTTSETSII SOUM...............................................................................................- 2 -
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“Tsogttetsii Soum Solid Waste Management Plan” ENVIRON LLC
TABLES
TABLE-1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDEX OF TSOGTTSETSII SOUM..................................................................................- 3 -
TABLE 6.....................................................................................................................................................................- 14 -
TABLE 7.....................................................................................................................................................................- 19 -
TABLE 8. COMPOSTION OF THE WASTE GENERATED BY THE HOUSEHOLDS BEING PORTED TO THE DUMP SITE... .-
22 -
SOIL POLLUTION OF UKHAA KHUDAG MINE AREA DETERMINED BY TOTAL BACTERIA NUMBER IN 1G OF SOIL. - 27
-
TABLE 14...................................................................................................................................................................- 34 -
TABLE 17...................................................................................................................................................................- 43 -
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IMAGES
IMAGE 2. TSOGTTSETSII SOUM LAND SURFACE ELEVATION...................................................................................- 6 -
IMAGE 11. SOUM CENTER LIVESTOCKS GATHER AROUND THE WASTE DISPOSAL SITE, SCATTERING THE WASTES
AND ALSO BECOMES A SOURCE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE...................................................................................- 18 -
IMAGE 2. ENERGY RESOURCES LLC OFFICE, STAFF HOUSING AND KITCHEN.......................................................- 19 -
IMAGE 15. CURRENT SITUATION OF THE TSOGTTSETSII SOUM WASTE DISPOSAL SITE.......................................- 21 -
IMAGE 16. PLASTIC AND PAPER WASTES AT THE SOUM WASTE DISPOSAL SITE..................................................- 24 -
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“Tsogttetsii Soum Solid Waste Management Plan” ENVIRON LLC
FOREWORD
“Tsogtsetsii soum solid waste management plan” was developed by Environ LLC, by the request of
Energy Resources LLC. In recent years, due to increased number of various businesses, the amount of
wastes are also increasing, therefore it is harmful to human health and living conditions.
This management plan is developed to introduce environmentally friendly solution to solid waste
management in Tsogttsetsii soum, Umnugovi province. Our team members worked in the soum from
July 8th to 10th to meet the current waste management condition, quantity, composition of wastes, its
collection and transportation method, waste reusage and processing, waste disposal site area
measurements and took soil pollution measurements. Our team also has conducted meetings with the
soum government authorities, introduced them with the development of the plan and received their
comments and also obtained useful research data from them.
Several meetings have been conducted with local residents and small businesses and useful
comments on waste composition and collection and transportation of wastes have been received.
We’ve also took into account the current waste management policies and laws, regulations and
methodologies in Mongolia and also we’ve researched for best practices and methods used
internationally to enhance waste management systems and introduced some of the information that we
think is best suited for the Tsogttsetsii soum’s solid waste management plan.
The plan coheres to the requirements set in 2008 Environmental and Social Policy Documents of
the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development and the waste management articles stated in
the contract between the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development and Energy Resources
LLC.
Due to lack of availibity of information and data from the soum government their data is lightly
addressed in the play, but the data provided by Energy Resources LLC was valid and precise, therefore it
was more heavily used to develop this plan.
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1.1. History
Tsogttsetsii soum was founded in a place called Sevhuul by Shanhai mountain 1924 and moved to
the current location and was named Tsetsii in 1928. It was called Tsogttsetsii since 1934. The soum has
72.4 thous.m2 lands. Tsogttsetsii neighbors Tsogt-Ovoo soum by its north border, Ulziit soum of
Dundgovi province by its Nort-East border and Khanbogd soum by its South-East border and Manlai
soum by its East border.
Soum governor
Bag Staff
This diagram does not whom should be responsible for waste management. Currently the environment
ranger is only responsible for monitoring the implementation of environmental pollution laws as it is
addressed on their job description.
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“Tsogttetsii Soum Solid Waste Management Plan” ENVIRON LLC
square meter land and population of 2600. There are number of big organizations operating in
Tsogttsetsii, such as Wagner Asia. Also 25 other organizations with environmental impact assessment
are functioning in the soum and Khan bank and Mongol Postal Bank are providing banking services.
Soum people draw their water supply from 3 wells. The water in the soum has high mineralization
therefore causes intestinal and internal organ sickness rate is high.
Deceased Qty. 15 12 15 10 13 12 16 19 21 17
Households Qty. 572 570 570 575 569 579 583 614 674 806
Herder Qty.
households, of 416 409 359 351 340 346 351 368 378 376
which:
Owns electrocity Qty. 43 115 102 88 156 198 179 203 272 226
Owns radio Qty. 289 202 269 343 207 256 270 245 378 258
Owns motorcycle Qty. 120 159 114 106 114 179 153 171 178 161
Employed Qty. 1012 1022 995 1033 935 1031 1084 1072 939 1206
Unemployed Qty. 13 11 5 8 15 17 12 11 9 9
Hospital staffs Qty. 17 14 16 15 14 15 17 20 21
Senior doctors Qty. 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3
Junior doctors Qty. 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 4
Nurses Qty. 5 5 5 5 3 4 5 4 6
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Population
Capitation data shows at the end of 2009 population of Tsogttsetsii were 2642. Most of the
population is living in the camps and villages established around thte Tavantolgoi mine and 1300 people
are herders. In 2008 registered unemployment increased by 25, employment increased by 26 and ???
became 9. 1.1 percent of the total population are unemployed and they fall into following categories:
has higher education 1, secondary education 3, partial secondary education 5. Due to establishment of
big and small organizations around the Tavantolgoi coal mine population of the soum is rapidly
increasing, therefore increasing the number of households in the soum center and causing the ger
district to spread wider.
According to the statistics there were 78 births and 21 deaths, which is 59.2 percent increase in births
and 5% increase in deaths. There were also 5 neo-mortalities this year. 41 people were infected by
contagious disease and 39 of them were hepatits. This indicates much higher number than previous
year. Increase of pollution in the soum center might be the cause of increased infections.
Agriculture
Main source of livelihood of Tsogttsetsii residents is lifestock and its raw materials. According to
the statistics of 2008 there were 664 herders of 378 houselholds which is 10 less households and 25 less
herders. In 2009 88358 lifestock were counted, of which were 1992 camels, 4260 horses, 858 cattles,
2664 sheeps and 54547 goats, which was 13713 less or 14.5 percent less than the previous year. The
reason why the 61.7 percent of the lifestock are goats is due to economic needs. In 2009 36564
offsprings were delivered and 46.8 percend of them survived.
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During the dzud in 2009 and 2010 a lot of livestock werere killed. Livestock count is approximately
40000 livestock were counted (including the new offsprings) in the first half of year 2010. 6.3 tons of
vegetables were harvested from 3.3 ha land in 2009. This is relatively low in terms of people involved
and also harvested vegetables. 161 tons of hay, 34.5 tons of fodder, 270 tons of hujir suu and 4.4 tons of
straw were prepared.
Due to massive loss of livestocks in last year’s zhud disaster, there are large amount of animal originated
wastes at the dumpsite and in rural areas.
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2.2. Landscape
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Winter. Winter starts from 11th of November to 11th of March total of 119 days. Compared to the
northern region, winter in this soum starts early and ends early and has almost a full month less
duration. Temperature drops down to -5.0 OC to -37.6OC. Less heat from the sun and short days have
harsh impact on working conditions. Coldest month is January where the temperature drops down to
-37.6OC at the coldest. During constant snow cover the thickness of the snow cover is 5cm or lower.
æèë è éí 4 óëè ðà ë
160
120
õî í î ã
80
40
0
11,III 1,Y 27,IX 12,XI
óë è ðà ë
Spring. Spring continues for 51 days from 11 th of march to 1st of May. The temperature rises to 5-10 OC,
but sometimes the temperature drops to -27 OC and reaches 27OC. Spring is the driest season, during the
spring for 50 or sometimes even more days there is only 30% or less humidity. Wind speed is highest in
the spring, it reaches up to 34m/c. Sand dust storms are common during the spring. These storms pick
up light wastes like plastic bags and papers and spread it around the rural area. If landfilling is not
properly done negative impacts may occur.
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Summer. Summer continues for 149 days from 1 st of May to 27th of September. The temperature goes
up to 10-38.3OC. Sun heat is highest and dry in the beginning of the summer but it rains a lot and
becomes humid towards the end. Temperature is above +30 OC for 30-40 days during the summer.
Fall. Fall continues for 46 days from 27 th of September to 12 th of November. The temperature drops
down to +10OC to -5OC and gets drastically cold.
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Compared to the northern region heating duration is more than month or 37 days shorter. Therefore
the fuel usage and wasetes generated by heating is smaller.
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123 species of 78 generas in 29 families of plants are registered in Tsogttsetsii territory. The family
containing most generas is the
2.6. Fauna
There are no inhabitants other than reptiles and insects. Foxes and corsacs are seen at night in
winter feeding on carrions at the waste disposal area.
Lizards play important role in foodchain of this area. Snakes number and density is relatively low around
the soum center area. Gloydius halys is also important to the foodchain as it manages the number of
small rodents and also feeds neophrons.
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Common, rare
Steppe
Humid
Sandy
Rocky
ä/ä Name of species
Àmphibia
Bufonidae
1 Bufo raddei + r
Reptilia
Gekkonidae
2 Alsophylax pipiens + r
3 Teratoscincus przewalskii + r
Agamidae
4 Phrynocephalus versicolor + c
Lacertidae
5 Eremias przewalskii + r
6 Eremias multiocellata + + c
7 Eremias argus + + c
Colubridae
8 Coluver spinalis + Rr
9 Elaphe dione + c
10 Psammophis lineolatus + Rr
Crotalidae
11 Aqkistrodon halys + + + + c
9 2 2 3
Most of these species live around the soum center, especially in the hills to the west.
Aves
Most common vertebrates that people run into or live around the soum center are birds.
Based off of the information collected over time there are 62 species of 48 genera from 21 families in 11
orders. Of these species ambling bustard and podoces were already included (in 1997) in the Red Book
of Mongolia, amling bustard was also introduced in Endagered species stated in Law on Animal Kingdom
in 2000, amur falcon was included in endangered species list established by government of Mongolia
(Government Resolution-164, 2001) and cinerous vulture, lesser kestrel and ambling bustard are
included in the Asain Red Book in 2001. Although lesser krestels are often found in the Gobi regions, it is
much rare in central Asia. Cinerous vultures are beneficial to the nature as they feed upon animal
carrions.
Out of the 62 species of birds only 1 was included in Annex-1, 23 species were included in Annex-2 of
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). It can be
concluded that none of the birds registered in this area are protected, as they are included in CITES and
CMS (Conservation of migratory species).
These birds dominate the Gobi region food-chian, and are on top of the food-chain pyramid. They are
small in quantities but number of encounters is high. Out of the 62 bird species, 22 of them are non-
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migratory and 40 of them are migratory species. Non-migratory species include: upland buzzard,
common kestrel, chukar partridge, daurian partridge, Pallas’s sandgrouse, common pigeon, hill pigeon,
owl, little owl, crested lark, Mongolian lark, horned lark, great grey shrike, red-billed chough, common
raven, brown accentor, house sparrow, tree sparrow, rock sparrow, Mongolian lark and Mongolian
finch. From the non-migratory birds, Pallas’s sandgrouse, chukar partridge and daurian partridge are
hunted and prepared as frozen food.
Out of the 40 migratory birds, 20 species spend the summer and lay their eggs, 13 species pass through
the area, 4 species are rarely encountered and 2 species migrate from north and spend the winter in this
area.
When classifying the birds by their habitats the birds which indicate desert and has characteristics of the
desert mostly define the context of the area. These birds include birch partridge, crested lark, desert
warbler, and desert wheatear also birds that come looking for food to the Gobi including cinereous
vulture and 14 species of birds from desert steppe and steppe. In addition 17 species of mountain birds,
17 species of garagana area birds and 7 species of swamp area birds will be encountered.
14 species of endangered birds will be encountered somet year and some year they will not be
seen and sometimes non-registered birds will come across the area. Carnivorous birds are commonly
seen around the soum center. Carnivous birds are seen in large numbers in winter around the waste
disposal site.
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“Waste management plan” development was carried out by following steps (Table 6)
Table 6.
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The soum planned to collect at most 3000 tugrik fee from each household to create finance for
collection and transportation of solid waste. But in reality the fee was never collected and used for
waste reduction activities. Since March of 2010 funded from the environmental protection fund the
soum government office contracted with a driver with a truck owner to collect and transport the soum
center solid waste. Even though there is no logs and statistic information on waste collection and
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“Tsogttetsii Soum Solid Waste Management Plan” ENVIRON LLC
transportation, it is beneficial to reduction of the soum’s solid waste. Some volunteers and Energy
Resources LLC are carrying out the sorting, keeping the waste disposal area organized.
Solid waste management issue is not regulated, this matter is not resolved in the policy level and
there is no outcome so far. Household and other solid wastes are disposed into the soum’s waste
disposal site. Payment of collection and transportation of solid wastes from soum’s ger district
households is not regulated. Lack of waste management service and monitoring from government and
citizens on waste disposal is creating condition for disposal of waste in open area.
Although the livelihood of the soum households is low, fee must be charged in order for the people
to understand that they need to pay the fee for collection and transportation of their waste. Even if the
fee is low people who pay the fee will have the mind set to reduce their waste in order to reduce the
amount of fee they pay. Market economy is important for reducing laziness and more importantly for
the people to care about waste reduction and sort their waste.
Because the waste management financial system is inappropriate number of people paying the fee
is insufficient. Currently the following managements are critically needed: proper collection of solid
waste, sorting, reusing, reprocessing, introduce technologies that generate small amount of waste to
reduce waste generation, prevent from pollution and protect the human health from any kind of
hazards.
It is appreciative that local people are started doing social work towards waste reduction. Mr.
Jaalbaatar moved to Tsogttsetsii from the aimag center and voluntarily started sorting and collecting
solid wastes on the waste disposal site. He establishad a NGO and employed some of the unemployed
people to work on sorting solid waste at the waste disposal site.
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Data have been collected on the types of waste generated by the clinic and we’ve met with the
clinical waste disposal method. Currently hazardous wastes from the clinic include used syringes,
needles and droppers. There are 40 shots a day, 1200 shots monthly and 14400 shots yearly in a 8 bed
hospital and 160 shots daily, 4800 shots monthly and 57000 shots yearly in a 32 bed hospital. These
wastes are being disposed in a hand made incinerator since the hospital doesn’t have a dedicated
incineration tool. No hazardous waste goes to the soum’s waste disposal site. Size of the neutral waste is
defined not only by the 20 employees at the hospital but also by the number of patients coming into the
hospital daily and the 100 patients already being treated and the total waste size for a day is 50kg.
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Image 11. Soum center livestocks gather around the waste disposal site, scattering the wastes and also
becomes a source for infectious disease.
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Image 2. Soum center steam boiler Image 3. Energy Resources LLC office, staff
housing and kitchen
Industrial wastes generated in the soum
include: zoogenic wastes such as animal corpse, flock and pelt, wood, paper, plastic, polymerous, epoxy,
tissue and fabric, zoogenc and phytogenic fat, elastic, copper, aluminum, bronze, other metals, glass,
porcelain, stone, ash and dust generated from steam boiler, construction wastes such as sand, alabaster,
bricks, plaster and cement, coal and wood ash. According to the Estimate Solid Waste Generation Rates
for Commercial Establishments method, average waste produced daily is determined by the amount of
wastes per square. The average waste produced daily by services such as cafes, stores and gas stations
was 0.0108 tons/square per foot/year, converted to metric system this amount is 328 grams/m 2. If the
average area of the stores in Tsogttsetsii soum is around 20m 2 the total waste produced by the 10 retail
stores in the soum is about 65.6kg.
Following table shows the origin of each waste generated
Table 7.
Waste generating organization Amount of waste Annual waste generation
Daily/kg Tons
Cafeteria (2) 13.1* 4.8
Hotel (3) 19.7* 7.2
School with 518 students 65.6* 23.9
Dormatory (135 students in 2
6.56* 2.4
dormatories)
Bank branches Postal and Khan
34** 12.4
bank)
Kindergarden (100 children) 5 1.8
Tailor shop (3) 40.5*** 14.7
Government office 3 1.1
Recreation center 20 4.8
Facilities of Energy Resource LLC 5 1.8
Ger camp 2 0.7
Gallery camp boiler 1 3.6
MCSI 1 3.6
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TG workshop
(Coal-break)Concentration
870 312
facility
Ger camp boiler 1440 516
Dough production facility 2140 768
Total (tons) 4228.8
Note:
Using methodologies used for waste calculation of California, USA.
Waste generated by lunch and materials used for education for primary class children were accounted.
Average of 0.3kg of waste was accounted for one student of the dormitory.
Clinic wastes are separated into two categories: household and hazardous.
Gas stations sometimes pollute the soil by spilling the flammable materials into the soil, but they always
clean the environments. Almost zero amount of solid and liquid wastes are generated from these places,
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Amount of waste is increasing and currently there is 2030m3 of solid waste in 565m2 area. Energy
Resources LLC have decreased the area by pushing the spreaded wastes into the center of the site.
The north most point (X3) and the north-east point (X2) of the site are located 1488-1491m above the
sea level and are below the majority of wind direction, therefore the accumulated wastes are hardly
affected by the wind. Unfortunately the west and south oints of the site are located in a bit less altitude;
therefore the wastes might spread through this area due to amount of rainfall and the topology of the
land.
All of the wastes generated from the facilities in the soum center and Energy Resources LLS are
being disposed in this site only.
Image 15. Current situation of the Tsogttsetsii soum waste disposal site
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The waste disposal site is not protected by any means of containment structure; therefore
livestocks lingering in the dump site are prone to biological hazard. This shows that wastes should be
sorted and reused if possible at the origin of the waste and implementation of clean technology to
reduce waste.
Table 8. Compostion of the waste generated by the households being ported to the dump site.
Composition Winter Summer
Unit
Housing Ger district Housing Ger district
Food waste Percentage 32.7 1.0 30.4 30.4
Paper Хувь 12.7 1.4 18.7 13.9
Fabric Хувь 4.6 1.0 4.1 6.2
Plastic Хувь 22.4 1.2 14.5 13.3
Grass, wood Хувь 1.1 0.2 5.3 3.9
Leather, elastic Хувь 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.8
Bones, skins,
carrion of Хувь 7.8 3.8 7.1 3.0
animal
Flammable
wastes Хувь 82.0 10.8 81.7 71.5
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waste
According to the implementation of the solid waste management plan, total annual expense is
approximately 33.3 million tugriks (based on 2010 expense). Based on previous studies 29.3 percent of
the wastes generated from settled areas are reusable wastes, therefore 29.3 percent or 9.7 million
tugriks of Tsogttsetsii waste management expense can be recovered from the reusable wastes.
For example: plastic bags and wares take about 56.3 percent of the reusable wastes by the year 2010
and will take about 56.9 percent by the year 2020. Currently price for 1kg multicolored plastic bags cost
100-150 tugriks, 1kg single color plastic bags cost 100-200 tugriks, 1kg plastic bottles cost 300 tugriks
and other plastic packages cost about 80-100 tugriks a kilogram. So if we take these values into account
the total annual waste management expense falls down to 23.6 million tugriks. (inflation is not
accounted in this)
There are reusable items from the waste disposal site; which include paper, plastic bags, plastic
bottles, glasses and metals. The amount of reusable and reprocessable items is determined based on
previous studies conducted on urban waste management and the Tsogttsetsii’s waste composition. The
amount of reusable and reprocessable wastes seem to increase in the future, therefore sorting and
monetizing these wastes will produce jobs and make profit.
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Image 16. Plastic and paper wastes at the soum waste disposal site
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Treatment level, %
Maintenance and
Start-up date
Wastewater
Capacity of the
upgrade
Treatment treatment
№ water treatment
type facility
facility
operation
Approved by the soum governor’s order, Energy resources LLC is building housing in 21 ha area in
the soum. Amount of liquid waste generated from the housing will increase due to new housing.
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1. TSK-MB 1
Stomach bacilli haven’t
2. TSK-MB 2
been detected
3. ERM-MB 1
Гэдэсний бүлгийн
4. ERM-MB 2
MNS 5034: 2004 эмгэг төрүүлэгч haven’t
5. ERM-MB 3
MNS 5367: 2001 been detected
6. ERCamp-MB 1
E coli haven’t been
7. ERCamp-MB 2
detected
8. ERCamp-MB 3
9. Puu-MB 1
10. TTG-MB 1
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Analysis report shows that this year’s soil composition and content of chemicals in the soil is within
the MNS 5850:2008 standard. Above report doesn’t include soil samples from the soum center and the
dump site; therefore soil samples have been collected from 8 spots within 5 indicators, which are:
1. Number of bacterias in 1g of soil.
2. E.coli
3. Cl.perfingens
4. Proteus titre
5. Number of Дулаасаг bacteria
Soil pollution of Ukhaa khudag mine area determined by total bacteria number in 1g of soil.
Number of bacterias in Soil pollution
№ Sample
1g of soil /million/ assessment
1 Soum well 3 Medium pollution
2 Soum center liquid waste disposal site 12 Highly polluted
3 Soum center solid waste disposal site 11 Highly polluted
4 New dump site 1,5 Clean soil
5 MCS International LLC 2,6 Medium pollution
6 Coal-break facility 3 Medium pollution
7 Wastewater treatment facility 5 Highly plluted
8 Ger camp 2 Minor pollution
*1-1.5 million is clean, 2 million=minor pollution, 2.5-3 million=medium pollution and 3-5 million or
more=highly polluted.
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Conclusion
Bacteria level in 1g soil indicates the soil is clean in new dump site, has minor pollution in ger camp,
medium pollution in soum well, MCS International LLC, coal-break facility and highly polluted in soum
center solid and liquid waste disposal sight.
E.coli level in soil analysis shows only the solid and water waste disposal site is polluted and other
areas are not.
Detection of Cl.perfingens indicates the soil is polluted by dejecture for long period. Study shows
that two places have minor pollution. But the Proteus alone is not an indicator of soil pollution, but if
E.coli and Cl.perfingens are indicated along, the soil is polluted. Soum well, soum solid and liquid waste
disposal sites are highly polluted with Proteus.
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Soil polluted with animal dung have DULaasag bacteria. Places other than MCS International LLC,
ger camp, coal-break facilitiey have minor pollution in this indicator. This study shows that soum solid
and liquid waste disposal sites have medium soil pollution in terms of bacterial pollution.
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Following requirements must be fulfilled for the organization responsible for organize and implement
the waste management activites:
Independent unit must be in charge of the landfill operation organization. Main objectives of the
unit are to organize daily operations of the staffs and write recommendations concerning the
issues raised and deliver it to the soum citizens’ representative council and the government
office to be solved.
Provide and ensure maintenance of necessary tools and equipments and provide training to
enhance the technical knowledge of the employees.
Determine objective and implement use of best practices of landfill technology used
internationally and by developed countries.
Operate as an independent organization in terms of both finance and operation.
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Table 14.
Activity types
Activity
Management and Establish organizations to manage waste management, especially hazardous and industrial wastes.
structural actions Support initiatives and implement establishment of small-medium facilities to process waste paper and plastic
bags and produce briquettes.
Implement more cost-effective solid waste management by supporting involvement of private entities and
using financial leverage.
Increase staff capacity by conducting training for the staff working at the solid waste management
organization.
Organize public training according to a program in order to increase public involvement in extending solid
waste sorting, collecting and processing activities.
Third stage (2016-2020)
Technical actions Fully involve ger district citizens in waste sorting and collecting activities. This activity will be fully stabilized
when all urban and ger district citizens are fully involved in waste sorting and collecting system.
Sorting shop and reprocessing facilities will have increased capacity and stabilized operation.
Initiation of planning the next stage activities for waste management техникийн тогтолцоо
Management and Provide financial support for businesses establishing small and medium factories for waste reprocessing at the
structural actions dumpsite. Goal for Tsogttsetsii soum is to develop an environmentally friendly waste management system, in order
to reach this goal the soum must fully introduce a system to reduce waste at its origin, reuse and reprocess wastes.
Stabilize landfill operation.
Solid waste management will be improved and the foundation must be set for further development.
Monitor activities of private entities involved in solid waste management.
Solid waste management information database must be fully functional to provide information for economical
and social activities such as decision making, monitoring, city planning and financial management.
Substantially decrease amount of waste to landfill by increasing public knowledge about the waste processing
system and increasing the public’s involvement.
Integrated system will be established for waste management improvement, waste collection and
transportation.
4.6. Tsogttsetsii soum solid waste management development plan
Percent of population to
involve in waste
collection, (%)
- apartment houses
0 0 100 100 100 100 100 100
- ger district
100 100 100 100 100 100
Portion of wastes to
collect and sort within the
total waste generated,
(%)
0 0 40 40 60 60 80 80
- apartments
0 0 40 40 50 60 80 80
- ger district
Once in Once in
Once in
two two Twice a
two Once a Twice a month Twice a
months months month on
months on month on on average month on Twice a month on
- ger district on on average
average average average average
average average
Collection system
Accumulate waste in a countainer placed between households and transport the waste according to timetable.
Note: Non-reusable wastes will be transported twice a week and reusable wastes will be transported once a week.
“Tsogttetsii Soum Solid Waste Management Plan” ENVIRON LLC
Transportation:
Dump truck 2 2 3 4
Drawing-machine 0 0 1 1
Bulldozer 0 1 2 3
Work force There are no certain In Tsogttsetsii soum In Tsogttsetsii soum In Tsogttsetsii soum
provisions on solid waste administration: administration: administration:
management. Person in charge of waste Person in charge of waste Person in charge of waste
Environmental inspector management – 1 management – 1 management – 1
at soum level is in charge Accountant – 1 Accountant – 1 Accountant – 1
for monitoring of Solid waste inspection Solid waste inspection Solid waste inspection officer – 1
environmental regulations officer – 1 officer – 1 Driver – 1
related with pollution. Driver – 1 Driver – 1 Loader – 2
Loader – 2 Loader – 2 Unit in charge of landfill
Unit in charge of landfill Unit in charge of landfill operations:
operations: operations: Unit director/engineer – 1
Unit director/engineer – 1 Unit director/engineer – 1 Driver -1
“Tsogttetsii Soum Solid Waste Management Plan” ENVIRON LLC
Manually or with tools and Manually or with tools and Using machinery and
Operation methodology Using machinery and equipments
equipments equipments equipments
Dinstance from the soum New landfill is going to be New landfill is going to be New landfill is going to be at New landfill is going to be at the
center, êì at the current dumpsite at the current dumpsite the current dumpsite current dumpsite
km 2 2 2 2
Expense, thousand tugriks 19600 4040000 15200000 232000000
Clinincal waste
generation ì3/year 3.6 18.2 36.5 40.5
Waste amount to
dispose by inceneration, 0.6 3.2 5.0 6.0
ì3/year
Amount of waste to
3.0 15.0 31.5 36.5
dispose ì3/year
Disposal expense.thous. 1.46
tug 0.12 0.60 1.24
“Tsogttetsii Soum Solid Waste Management Plan” ENVIRON LLC
Table 17.
Second
Technical assets First stage
stage Third stage (2016-2020) Total
(2010-2012)
(2013-2015)
Expenses
Dumptruck 5800 16600 16600 3900
Bulldozer, excavator
5000 10000 10000 2500
Drawing machine 4500 9000 9000 22500
Total 15300 35600 35600 86500
Note: In the first stage of the management plan implementation through 2010-2012 expenses consist of 351600 thousand tugriks for wages (not
considering inflation), 86500 thousand tugriks for vehicles and machineries, so total of 438100 thousand tugriks are planned. Vehicle and
machineries expenses include fuel and lubricants and maintenance service expenses. Budged doesn’t include expenses of operations carried out
by soum administration, citizens and private entitites and possible expenses caused by natural disasters etc.
1. Create and enforce regulation for waste storage and collection for the first stage and
implement waste sorting and collection activities for the second stage.
2. Establish support mechanism (provide information, financial support, loan, release from tax
duty etc) for organizations contributing to recycling and processing of wastes.
3. Create roads and infrastructure for transportation of waste.
4. Take appropriate measures to prevent possible spread contagious disease because of dead
animal corpses around the dumpsite.
5. Locate waste management administrative organizations and service providers near the
landfill and provide constant service. Thus changing the habit of just being satisfied with
transporting the waste to the dumpsite.
6. Constantly clean and maintain landfill protection dams and holes.
7. Strictly prohibit use of underground water near the landfill area.
8. Frequently test quality of well water located 2 kilometers inside the landfill area. Have
professional institution to take sample and run analysis.
9. Build water and gas monitoring hole to frequently monitor water quality and composition of
gas emitted by landfilled waste. Determine water leakage area and other factors.
10. Plant trees, build fences and walls and use the land characteristics to protect the land and
keep people from loude noise and unpleasant odor.
11. Clean, rehabilitate dumpsite and establish greenzone according to specific plans.
12. Create regulation to pre plan next landfill pot preparation during covering of previous
landfill.