Practice questions –Metabolism

1. What are the two major processes of Metabolism and what does each of them do?

2. Catabolism creates energy in what two forms?

3. How is cellulose used in metabolism? Disaccharides? Monosaccharides?

4. Where does glycolysis occur? Is oxygen required?

5. The process of glycolysis splits glucose into two what?

6. If oxygen is available, pyruvic acid moves to what cycle?

7. The net yield of glycolysis is how many ATP and NADH2?

8. Where does the Kreb’s cycle occur?

9. During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is converted into what enzyme?

10. What two things are produced during that conversion?

11. After its production, Acetyl CoA combines with what?

12. Those two enzymes produce what?

13. From 2 pyruvic acid, the Kreb cycle produces what?

14. Where is the electron transport system located?

15. What occurs to the NADH2 and FADH2 upon entering the electron transport system?

16. What occurs to the H atoms during the electron transport system?

17. What is the final produce of the electron transport system?

18. What process occurs in the absence of oxygen?

19. During anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is transformed into what?

20. What does a high build-up of lactic acid cause?

21. What is glycogenesis? When does it occur?

22. What is glycogenolysis? Where does it occur?

23. What is gluconeogenesis? Where does it occur?

24. What is the function of insulin?

25. What does glucogen do?

26. What does Epinephrine do?

27. What is the function of ACTH and Glucocorticoids?

28. What does growth hormone do?

29. In what three forms are lipids found in the body?

30. What are chylomicrons?

31. What are lipoproteins?

32. What are fatty acids?

33. During lipid catabolism, triglycerides are broken down into what two things?

34. Glycerol is transformed and enters what process?

35. Fatty acids are covered into what? And enter what process?
36. How much energy do lipids yield vs. carbs?

37. What is lipogenesis?

38. How is fat metabolism related to carbohydrate metabolism?

39. What are the sources of both nonessential and essential amino acids?

40. What is deamination?

41. What occurs to the ammonia that results from protein catabolism? Keto acid?

42. How do growth hormone and testosterone control protein metabolism?

43. How do glucocorticoids affect protein metabolism?

44. What is the definition for metabolism rate?

45. What conditions must be met to measure the Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

46. What are the six factors that can affect BMR?

47. How does size affect BMR? Sex? Age?

48. How does thyroid hormone affect BMR? Temp? Drugs?

49. What is the Total Metabolic Rate? What factors determine it?