c c c c c

/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
1. (a) Discuss the di erent modes by which heat be transferred. Give suitable example to
illustrate your answer.
(b) Write the fourier rate equation for heat transfer by conduction. Give the units
and physical signiÀcance of each term appearing in this equation.
[8+8]

2. A composite slab consists of 250 mm Àre clay brick (k=1.09 W/mK) inside, 100 mm Àred earth
brick(0.26 W/mK) and outer layer of common brick (0.6 W/mK) of thickness 50 mm. If inside
surface is at 12000C and outside surface is at 1000C, Ànd:

(a) heat Áux,

(b) the temperature of the junctions and
(c) the temperature at 200 mm from the outer surface of the wall.

[16]
3. (a) DeÀne the term overall heat transfer coe
cient? And explain its signiÀcance.

(b) An aluminium Àn (200 W/mK) of 3 mm thick and 75 mm long protrudes from a wall at 3000C.
The ambient temperature is 500C with heat transfer coe
cient of 10 W/m2K. Calculate the
heat loss from the pin for unit de

coe
cient of 10 W/m2K. Calculate the heat loss from the pin for unit depth of material. Also
calculate its e ectiveness and e
ciency?

[8+8]

4. (a) A Áat electrical heater of 0.4 m× 0.4 m size is placed vertically in still air at 200C. The heat
generated is 1200 w/m2. Determine the value of convective heat transfer co-e
cient and the
average plate temperature.

(b) Explain Grasho number signiÀcance in natural convective heat transfer.[10+4]

5. (a) Describe the relation between Áuid friction and heat transfer.

(b) A Áat plate of length 2m, with width 1.5 m was placed along the path of air stream at velocity of
5.6 m/s. Determine the type of Áow along the plate. Temperature of air was 250C.

[8+8]
6. (a) Distinguish between Àlmwise and dropwise condensation. Which of the two
gives a higher heat transfer coe
cient? Why?

(b) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 2.5 bar condenses on the surface of a vertical tube of
height 1.5m. The tube surface temperature is 1200C. Estimate the thickness of the condensate
Àlm and the local heat transfer coe
cient at a distance of 0.3m from the upper end of the tube.

[6+10
 /////////////////////

7. A vertical plate 0.6 m high and 0.3 m vide is maintained at a temperature of 930C
in a room where the air is 200C and 1 bar. The walls of the rooms are also at 20
0C. Assume thatdž = 0.7 for the plate. How much heat is lost by the pipe through
radiation?
[16]

8. A hot liquid of speciÀc heat of 0.86 Áowing at the rate of 0.833 kg/sec enters a parallel Áow
heat exchanger at 1000C Water at the rate of 1.4 kg/sec is circulated for cooling of the hot
liquid. The inlet temperature of water is 10m2 and overall heat exchanger coe
cient is 1163
W/m-k. calculate Outlet temperature of water and hot liquid. E ectiveness of heat exchanger.

If the Áow quantities and temperature drops for water and hot liquid are maintained with a
counter Áow heat exchanger, Then Ànd the area required for counter Áow. Find also the
maximum drop in temperature of heat Áuid possible with parallel Áow arrangement.

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////

(a) The surface of steel plate measuring 0.9m long× 0.6m wide× 0.025m thick is maintained at a
uniform temperature of 3000C, and the plate loses 250 watt by radiation. If air at 150C
temperature and 20 w/m2-deg convective heat transfer coe
cient blows over the plate,
calculate the temperature on inside surface of the plate. Take thermal conductivity of plate as
45w/m-deg.

(b) Derive expressions for temperature distribution during steady sate heat con-
duction in a solid sphere with internal heat generation.
[8+8]

2. (a) The rear window of an automobile is defogging by passing warm air at 400C over its inner surface
and associated heat transfer coe
cient is 30 W/m2K. The out side ambient temperature is -
100C and the associated heat transfer coe
cient 65W/m2K. Estimate the inner and outer
surface temperatures of the window, if window glass (0.2 W/mK) is 4 mm thick.

(b) A solid cylinder rod of diameter 10 mm and length 150 mm is the insulated on its cylindrical
surfaces. Determine the heat Áow rate through the rod if k= 0.78 W/mK. The temperatures of the
ends of the rods are 00C and 1000C respectively.

[8+8]

3. (a) The thermal conductivity of plane slab varies with temperature with the f////////////////

4. forced convection from a Áat plate, the local Nusselt number is given by the follow-
ing correlations for Laminar and turbulent Áow:
Laminar:N U x=0.331Re1/2
x
pr1/3
 Turbulent:N U x=0.0288Re0.8
xpr1/3

The Àns on an Air-cooled motor cycle Engine may be considered as individual Áat plates of
Length L=0.2m owing to disturbances in the free stream, transition occurs atRex,T
ransition=2× 105. Calculate, for a road speed of 140 kmph, the average heat transfer co-
e
cient fromthe Àn surface allowing for separate laminar and turbulent sections and compare
this with the result obtained assuming purely Turbulent Áow. Comment the result. Takeǒ =1.1
kg/m3;µ=1.7× 10ï5 kg/ms, K=0.026 w/mk and pr=0.7.

///////////////What do you understand by the hydrodynamics and thermal boundary

layers.

Illustrate with reference to Áow over a Áat heated plate.

[16]
6. (a) Distinguish between Àlmwise and dropwise condensation. Which of the two
gives a higher heat transfer coe
cient? Why?

(b) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 2.5 bar condenses on the surface of a vertical tube of
height 1.5m. The tube surface temperature is 1200C. Estimate the thickness of the condensate
Àlm and the local heat transfer coe
cient at a distance of 0.3m from the upper end of the tube.

[6+10]
7. (a) DeÀne the terms:
i. absorptivity
ii. reÁectivity and
iii. transmissivity.
(b) Di erentiate between specular and di use reÁections.
(c) Derive Stefan-Boltzmann·s law from Plank·s law.
[6+4+6]
8. (a) What is meant by ´foulingµ in heat exchangers mean? List the factors respon-
sible for fouling.

(b) Water Áows through a copper pipe (k=380 w/m-K) of 18mm diameter. It is surrounded by
another steel pipe of 21mm and oil Áow through the annular passage between copper and steel
pipe. On the water side, the Àlm coe
cien

///s 4500 w/m2-K and the fouling factor of .00032m2-K/W. The corresponding values for the soil side
are 1250 W/m2-K and 00082m2-K/W. Find the overall heat transfer coelcient between water
and oil.