Methods of defrosting the freezer of a

Refrigerator
Following are the methods of defrost position till whole of
the refrigerator:-
• Switch off the refrigerator and open its door for an
hour or till whole of the frost melts of the freezer of
the refrigerator.
• Put the thermostat knob at defrost position till whole
of the frost melts.
• In some refrigerators a push button in the thermostat
switch knob opens or closes a solenoid valve fitted in
the by pass line from discharge line to evaporator
inlet. In normal position the solenoid valve remains
closed but when defrosting is required the push button
is pressed which operates the solenoid valve and
allows the compressed gas to enter into evaporator.
• This hot gas flows into the evaporator till it is
defrosted. After defrosting the push button
automatically closes the solenoid valve which stops
the entry of compressed gas to the evaporator.
 • In some refrigerators heating element has been
provided near the evaporator for automatic defrost.
• After defrosting, remove the chill tray water and wash
the interior of refrigerator with a solution of warm
water and soda- bicarbonate. Clean and dry it with a
piece of cloth and put the refrigerator again in normal
position.

Pressure gauges
Pressure gauges are used to indicate pressure in the system.
The two most common types of gauges are used in
refrigeration and air conditioning installations are:-

High pressure gauge

This gauge is used on the high side of the system. It is
marked for readings from 0-300 PSI, gauge i.e. 21.09kg/cm
(20.69 bar).

Compound pressure gauge

The compound pressure gauge is used on the low side of
the system. This type gauge can measure pressure both
above and below the atmospheric pressure the scale
markings on the compound gauge to the left of the zero
graduation indicate vacuum in inches of Hg as 1”,2” or 4”.
The markings on the right of zero graduation indicate
pressure, above atmospheric pressure, in pound per square
inch.

Bending tool
Bending tool has stationary arm upon which radius guide is
located. The bending shoe is always grooved and is
furnished as a shoe block or as a grooved wheel, radius
guide is at A, and the grooved wheel at B. The point at
which the bend is to be made is marked and is located even
with the bottom of the grooved in the radius guide as
forming block. The bending lever and is bending shoe or
wheel is slipped in place. Bends up to 180 degree in one
continuous operation can be made with such tools.

Reciprocating compressor
Reciprocating type of compressor is that in which a piston
moves in a cylinder in reciprocating motion with the help
of connecting rod and shaft etc., to compress the
refrigerant.
An ordinary reciprocating compressor consists of a main
body made of cast iron. This body can be divided into four
major portions, such as the top of the compressor is called
head. Bellow the head, cylinder block is fitted. The middle
and the lower portion of the compressor are known as crank
case and bottom respectively.
The head plate has two compartments, one for low pressure
refrigerant and the other for high pressure refrigerant. Just
below the head, a flapper valve plate is fitted. It consists of
two pieces of steel which are known as suction and
discharge valve discs or reeds, according to their function.
These valves are generally mounted on valve plate on the
top of the cylinder of compressor.
Equal numbers of pistons are fitted in the equal number of
cylinder in the cylinder block with the help of gudgeon
pins, connecting rods and shaft etc. the opening of the shaft
is guarded by a siphons seal assembly in the crank case. Oil
splashes or oil pump is also fitted with the crank or
eccentric shaft which supplies the oil to various parts of the
compressor. The bottom of the compressor serves as a
reservoir of oil.
Connecting rod
Connecting rod is usually made of high grade of cast iron
or forged steel. It forms the link between the piston and the
shaft. Its small end bearing is connecting to the piston by
means of a highly polished carbon steel gudgeon pin or
wrist pins while the big end bearing connecting to the shaft.
To provide piston pin lubrication many connecting rods
have an oil passage or holes for supplying the oil. There are
two types of connecting rods. One type which is used with
crank shaft has a big end bearing, split off into two parts
which clamp around the crank shaft journal. The other type
of connecting rod is a one piece casting with small end
bearing and big end bearing. The big end bearing is a
complete ring which is fitted on the eccentric of the shaft.

Hermetic or sealed unit

In a unit of this generally A.C. 50 cycles single phase split
phase induction motor is directly connected with the rotary
or reciprocating type of compressor i.e. the motor and
compressor work on the same shaft and are enclosed in a
welded dome.
The motor and compressor assembly is mounted in the unit
in such a way that the motor is located on the top and
compressor on the bottom in vertical or horizontal position.
For proper lubrication the compressor remains dip in the
oil. But at present, in a specially designed sealed unit, for
keeping the motor cold, it remains dip in the oil at bottom
and compressor is fitted at the top. The oil is forced to the
compressor through the shaft of the motor.
Suitable passages are made on the main body of unit for
gas charging and connecting suction and discharge lines.
But some sealed units of refrigerators are equipped with
five pipe connections. Out of which one pipe connection
from compressor head goes to small condenser. From there,
it gain comes into the sealed unit in the form of a coil and
heats up the coil in the bottom of the dome. After heating
the oil, it leaves the sealed unit and goes to the main
condenser. Remaining two pipe connections are of suction
line and charging line.
The three main terminals (staring, running and common) of
the motor are fitted on the dome and other accessories such
as relay, overload and capacitor are attached with them.
Rotary compressor:-
Rotary compressors are that compressor which compresses
the gas by the rotary motion of the roller in an enclosed
cylinder. Rotary compressors are not as common as
reciprocating compressors. These are generally used in
Norge, Frigidaire, and H.M.V. type of domestic
refrigerators.
Rotary compressor performs the same function as
reciprocating type i.e. compression of gas, maintaining
pressure difference in the system and creating a flow of
refrigerant from one part to another. But the method of
compressing the gas in rotary compressor is slightly
different than the reciprocating type of compressor.