Customer Update

Cisco Expo 2010 - Split

Introducing recent Cisco7600 Innovations

Christian Schmutzer
Technical Marketing Engineer, cschmutz@cisco.com
25-Mar-2010
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
 Cisco 7600 — Services Ethernet leadership
Convergence of Transport & Service capabilities

Carrier Ethernet
• 20G Linecards –> 40G Linecards • Ethernet OAM, CFM 8.1
• Broadband Aggregation • L2/L3 Services Flexibility and Scale
• Flexible QoS • EVC Infrastructure
• Resiliency: Multichassis LAG • Provider Bridging

Mobility
• Integrated Timing, SyncE, 1588v2 • Enhanced Gateway Capabilities
• IP RAN Aggregation • Integrated Mesh WiFi agg
• Cell Site Backhaul over MPLS • PDSN/GGSN
• Cell Packing

Video
• LSM: P2MP-TE • Multicast HA
Cisco 7600 • RSVP Call Admission Control • NSF/SSO
Series • Inline Video Monitoring • WAN PHY/OTN PHY
• 80G infrastructure capability

Over 95,000 Cisco 7600 Units Deployed

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
 Investments Through Product Phases
7600 Journey..
1588 on ES+*

MPLS-TP *

Programmable
Ethernet *
Foundation Quality Excellence

2010 2011+

SIP-200/400/600 2009

ATM, Ethernet, Serial,
CHOC, POS SPAs
2007-08

IPSec SPA
40G ,ES+ LC

Foundation of
IPoDWDM

Supervisor 720 Converged PE
ES+ Combo LC

S-Class Chassis
ES+ LQ LC

720G Fabric

E-FlexWAN
ES20 LC
RSP720-10G HA

Lan Cards
CEOPs
Enhance Svc

Foundation of CE
Services Aware Ethernet,
2005-06 Introduction – Solidification of
Voice, MGW Mobile & CE

Services
Introduction,
2003-04 Extending in
Mobile

* Not Eced, under planning,

Seed Invest Capitalize
Presentation_ID
subject to change © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
 The Cisco7600 Road of Success

$5B in Revenue

100,000 Chassis

500,000 slots

7 Million Carrier Ethernet Ports

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
 Cisco 7600 Service Evolution at the Edge
LAN, WAN, and Services

Engines
Supervisor 32 Ethernet Services Modules
Supervisor 720 GE and 10GE
Route Switch Processor 720 with Rich QoS, Distributed,
Route Switch Processor 720 - 10G Line-rate Performance

SPA Interface Processors

Modular Carriers Cards High-Density Ethernet Modules
for WAN and Metro High-Density GE and 10GE
Shared Port Adapters with Distributed, Line-rate Performance

Chassis
3, 4, 6, 9,
and 13 slots
80 gig capable
Carrier class
Services Modules
Distributed Security;
Enhanced FlexWAN IPSEC SPA, Firewall, IDS,
7500 Parity and DoS Protection
PA Investment Protection
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
 7600 Engines Comparison

SUP720
RSP720-10GE
RSP720
RSP720 Benefits
Control Plane MSFC3 MSFC4
Ctrl Plane CPU 600Mhz MIPS 1.2GHz PowerPC
DRAM 1GB Max 4GB 1. Reduced Boot Time
NVRAM 2MB 4MB
Bootflash 64MB 512MB 2. Faster
Forwarding Plane PFC3B/XL PFC3C/XL Convergence time
MAC (CAM) Table
32k / 64k 80k / 96k
Size (pract./theor.)
IP Subscriber
Termination
x 32k 3. Increased
IP Forwarding 30Mpps 30Mpps
Scale
MPLS Forwarding 20Mpps 20Mpps
10 GigE Uplinks N/A RSP720-10GE

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
 ES+ Ethernet Services Plus Family
High Performance
• GE & 10GE Options to 40 Gig
• Line-Rate L2/L3 multicast – w/features
• EVC, CFM, VPLS, H-VPLS
• ANA EMS support

Dense QoS
• 256K queues BNG
BROADBAND
• 4-Level H-QOS NEXT GEN.

Service Rich
• Subscriber Aware Ethernet – BNG/ISG
• PPP/IP Sessions
• 802.1ah
• SyncE
• In-Line Video Monitoring
• Lawful Intercept
• Programmable microcode
• CWDM&DWDM SFPs/XFPs
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
Chassis Support:
7606, 7609, 7603-S, 7604,
7606-S, 7609-S, 7613

Processor Support:
Sup720-3B/XL 4x10GE
RSP720-3C/XL
RSP720-10GE-3C/XL 2x10GE

General Feature Support:

Superset of ES+

ES+XT Feature Highlights

• LAN, WAN, OTN PHY support

• ITU-T G.709/FEC support
• EFEC – ITU G.975.1 I.4 mode between 7600’s
• Performance Monitoring (OTN and WAN)
• CISCO-OTN-MIB support (FEC and Controller Tables) BNG
BROADBAND
• Clocking support (loop, line, internal) NEXT GEN.

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
 2x10GE + 20x1

1x10GE + 10x1

ES+XC Feature Highlights

BNG
BROADBAND
NEXT GEN.

* ES+XT parity
Presentation_ID - OTN
© 2006 Cisco Systems,(G.709/FEC)
Inc. All rights reserved. WANPHY
Cisco Confidential support, post FCS (Rls 7 target) 9
 Multiple Savings From ES+XC
Requirements
1 Redundant Uplinks
Total Cost
2 20 GigE ES+ UNI ports
$370k
3 Redundant RSP’s

0k

5k
0k

0k

5k
$8

$4
$8

$6

$4
7606-S
Chassis

Core or
Optical UNI
Network Redundant NNI Facing Links
Facing Links
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
 Multiple Savings From ES+XC

5k

5k
7.5

7.5

$4

$4
$8

$8
7604 Total Cost
Chassis
$285k
Core or
Optical UNI
Network Redundant NNI Facing Links
Facing Links

1 Reduction in 2 Reduction 3 Reduction

power in footprint in cost

-30% -29% -23%

est. - 553w* - 2RU - $85k*

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential *projected estimates 11
 ES20 and ES+ Feature Licensing
ES+ Licenses
Licenses Description Comments

76-ES+BASIC-LIC Per Card - Base License (included), IPv6 All models

76-ES+ADVIP-LIC Per Card - MPLS VPN, MVPN, 6VPE All models
76-ES+OTN-LIC Per Card - OTN License for G.709/FEC ES+XT only
76-ES+ISG-LIC Per Chassis – ISG License, 8k subs, 8 MPLS VRF’s Not for ES+T

ES20 Licenses
Licenses Description

76-ES20-BASIC-LIC Per Card - Base License (included), IPv6

76-ES20-ADVIP-LIC Per Card – MPLS VPN, MVPN, 6VPE

 IPv6 is now available in the Basic License

 License only required for cards that use licensed features
 Licenses can not be transferred between ES20 & ES+
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
 Support in SRD3 & SRE SW images

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
 L2 Shapers (4) L3 Shapers (8) L4 Queues (16)

ES+T Maximum of 16
1G or 10G port queues at leaf level

Alternatives include 2/4/16 and asymmetric configurations

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
 ES20 ES+ ES+XT ES+XC ES+T
Number of Queues 16k 128k (I/E) 128k (I/E) 128k (I/E) 16/port
BNG Capable No Yes Yes Yes Yes
10G Interface Modes LAN LAN LAN/WAN LAN/WAN LAN/WAN
OTN – G.709/FEC No No SRD1 Rls7 SRD3
Video Mon Capable No Yes Yes Yes Yes
L3VPN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
H-QoS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
L2VPN/VPLS Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
SyncE Capable No Yes Yes Yes Yes
DFC 3C/3CXL 3C/3CXL 3C/3CXL 3C/3CXL 3CXL
Interfaces 2/4x10GE 2/4x10GE 2x10GE 2x10+20X1 2/4x10GE
20/40xGE 20/40xGE 4x10GE 1x10+10X1 20/40xGE

ES+, ES+XT, ES+XC ES+ T (Transport)

Extended capability to support higher Provides transport service capability with 16
subscriber density applications with queues per port, and price conscious scale
128k queues
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
 12.2 SRE
Delivering ground breaking Mobile networking capabilities
Timing Enhancements
SyncE Physical Layer Support on ES+

2x10GE + 20x1GE BTS LTE-

FDD

RNC BSC

1x10GE + 10x1GE
POC2 POC1
ES+ GE/10GE Ethernet
ES+
IP/
MPLS
SyncE (in)
PRC
LTE Gateway - GTPv2 Cell Packing – CEoPS and OC48 ATM SPA’s
User Authentication/
IP Address Allocation Provisioning/ Accounting • Single Cell Relay
for
on
r ati ct to ATM HEADER
ne e GGSN IP : 172.2.2.2
VC Label Payload
ge nn Tunnel Label
DHCP AAA CG Re to co AS w/o HEC
P R Charging tariff-times 0900, 1200
PP bile ate
Mo rpor Charging record per MB of data
Co Coca
Coca
Coca  4 Bytes  4 Bytes  4 Bytes 
 48 Bytes 
Cola
Cola access-point 1
SGSN Cola
VPN
VPN
VPN name INTERNET_SERVICES
P
L2T
No User AUTHENTICATION
IP address from Radius

GGSN access-point 2
• Packed Cell Relay
Internet
name COCACOLA_CORP
BEARER
•IP Address Authenticate User
NETWORK ATM
configured static regenerate PPP Tunnel VC Label Cells x ATM
Mobile OR HEADER Payload … Payload
VRF1 access-point 3 Label N HEADER
provisioned on APN1 w/o HEC
radius/DHCP with name PREPAID.NET w/o HEC
SGSN GTP
GGSN APN2 Do AUTH/ACCT
Tunnels
local IP address 4 Bytes 4 Byte 4 Bytes 48 Bytes   52xN  4 Byte  48 Bytes 
•Interfaces with
SGSN/ Charging APN3
gateway/ RADIUS/
DHCPPresentation_ID GTP
© 2006 Cisco Mgmt.
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential PACKED CELLS MAX 28 (28*52=1456 bytes) 16
 Introduction to Synchronous Ethernet

 Supported on all ES+ family members

ES+, ES+T, ES+XT, ES+XC

 SyncE uses physical layer to transmit clock information

 ESMC is not available in 12.2(33)SRE (planned for
RLS7)
ESMC … Ethernet Synchronization Messaging Channel
Used to transmit clock quality information

 Up to 6 clock sources can be configured

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
 Application #1
Clock Recovery from SyncE Network

Secondary
Primary
SDH/PDH T1 I/Fs PRC
CEOP SUP/RSP SyncE
Network
Network
GE or
OCx 10GE
ATM ES+ I/Fs
4/0/0 6/1

GE or GE or
SyncE 10GE 10GE

Network
I/Fs ES+ Backplane ES+ I/Fs
3/1 Clock Distribution 5/1

7600

! Example: configure core-facing GigE as timing source and transfer timing to downstream SyncE or SONET/PDH links
!
interface GigabitEthernet 5/1
Recover clock from GE line
synchronous mode
clock source line
Map GE clk to primary BP
network-clock synchronization automatic clock
network-clock input-source 1 GigabitEthernet 5/1
Map GE clk to secondary
network-clock input-source 2 GigabitEthernet 6/1
BP clock (config not
shown)
interface ATM 4/0/0
clock source internal

interface GigabitEthernet 3/1

synchronous mode
clock source
Presentation_ID internal
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
 Application #2
Clock Recovery from External (BITS)
BITS or

Secondary
Primary
SDH/PDH other PRC-
T1 I/Fs
Network CEOP SUP/RSP traceable
reference
OCx
ATM Other LC
4/0/0

BITS
GE or
SyncE 10GE GE or
Network
I/Fs ES+ Backplane ES+ 10GE
3/1 Clock Distribution 5/1 I/Fs SSU

7600
! Example: configure core-facing GigE as timing source and transfer timing to downstream SyncE or SONET/PDH links
!
interface GigabitEthernet 5/1
synchronous mode
clock source internal

interface GigabitEthernet 3/1

synchronous mode
clock source internal Automatic mode configures
ES+ TX clocking to take
interface ATM 4/0/0 system clock
atm clock internal
Non-intuitive Port Ref Alert
network-clock synchronization automatic BITS port is always x/0/0
network-clock input-source 1 external 5/0/0 t1 sf X=slotnum
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
 Qos per
What and Why Service Groups? physical port

 Deploy many services on a “single port” Qos per

Sub-IF
 “Transport” aspects of a “Service” are
typically defined per EVC or Sub-IF
 “QoS” aspects historically can only be 1. Customer buying
service made of 2x
configured on Qos per
Sub-IFs
EVC
Per EVC/Sub-IF basis
Per physical port basis
Wholesale
Customers Qos per
 Two major applications where we physical port
needed a solution for
1.“multi-service” customer  one customer buys
Qos per
multiple sub-IFs/EVCs but does want an Sub-IF
“aggregate QOS SLA”
2.Provider does want to separate customers
buying different products  i.e. residential vs.
business; retail vs wholesale and does want to
assign certain QOS SLA to each of the different
groups Retail
Qos per Customers
EVC
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
 Configuring Service Groups
Step 1: Create a Service Group
PE2(config)#service-group 1
PE2(config-service-group)#?
service-group submode commands
default Set a command to its defaults
description Service group specific description
exit Leave the service-group configuration submode
no Negate a command or set its defaults
service-policy Attach a policy-map to a service group

Step 2: Configure Ingress and/or Egress QoS

PE2(config-service-group)#service-policy ?
input Attach a policy-map to ingress of a service group
output Attach a policy-map to egress of a service group

Step 3: Assign a EVC to a Service Group

PE2(config)#int gi 2/0/10
PE2(config-if)#service instance 100 ethernet
PE2(config-if-srv)#group ?
<1-32768> Service group ID number

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
 3-Level QoS Example
Policy-map flat
Service-group 2 class class-default
service-policy out hqos shape average <bit/s>
bandwidth remaining ratio <value>
Int gi 2/0/10
service instance 102 eth Policy-map hqos
service-policy in policing class class-default
shape average <bit/s>
service instance 103 eth bandwidth remaining ratio <value>
service-policy in policing service-policy llq

Policy-map llq
class pq
police <kbit/s>
priority
class cbwfq
bandwidth percent <%>

Policy-map policing
class class-default
 Service Group (egress) police ...
Parent: Rate-limited by shaper &
Minimum bandwidth by BRR
Child: queuing with 1x PQ and 1x CBWFQ

 EVC (ingress)
Traffic is rate-limited and/or marked (DiffServ ingress Metering as per QoS SLA)
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
 4-Level QoS Example
Service-group 1 Policy-map flat
service-policy out flat class class-default
shape average <bit/s>
Int gi 2/10 bandwidth remaining ratio <value>
service instance 100 eth
group 1 Policy-map hqos
service-policy out hqos class class-default
service-policy in policing shape average <bit/s>
service instance 101 eth bandwidth remaining ratio <value>
group 1 service-policy llq
service-policy out hqos
service-policy in policing Policy-map llq
class pq
police <kbit/s>
 Service Group (egress) priority
class cbwfq
bandwidth percent <%>
Rate-limited by shaper
Minimum bandwidth by BRR Policy-map policing
class class-default
police ...
 EVC (egress)
Parent: Rate-limited by shaper & Minimum bandwidth by BRR
Child: queuing with 1x PQ and 1x CBWFQ

 EVC (ingress)
Traffic is rate-limited and/or marked (DiffServ ingress Metering as per QoS SLA)
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
 Different support on
port-channel vs single-link

Policy Combinations – Support Matrix

Policy combination ES+ ES20

Ingress Egress Ingress Egress

H-QoS queuing on service only (3-level) Yes 1) Yes No Yes

H-QoS queuing on group only (3-level) Yes 1) Yes No Yes

H-QoS queuing on service and flat queuing on group (4-level) Yes 1) Yes No No

H-QoS queuing on group and flat queuing on service No No No No

H-QoS queuing on service and group (5-level) No No No No

Policing on service only Yes Yes Yes 2) No

Policing on group only Yes Yes Yes 2) No

Policing on service and group No No No No

Workaround:
1) not supported on Port-channel Hierarchical policing on
2) not supported on Port-channel  Planned for RLS7 Groups is supported!

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
 Shi
12.2 SRE p
Q4C ping
Y09
Delivering Advanced Carrier Ethernet Services at the Edge
Resiliency Enhancements Carrier Ethernet Convergence
mLACP, Hot-Standby Pseudowire, REP+EVC 802.1ah + VPLS , CFM 8.1, EVC expansion
EPLAN: Port
Classify default
EPLAN: QinQ
Access
MPLS Access Classify S-VLAN
Ingress Pop S-
VLAN symmetric
EVPLAN: 802.1q
Dual Access
Classify C-VLAN
Homed Ingress Pop C-
H-VPLS
802.1q or QinQC-MAC VLAN symmetric
Access BD2
ISID-1
ISID-1 Transport VFI
VFI
MPLS/IP Core 802.1q or QinQ B-MAC VPLS PW
BD
802.1q or QinQC-MAC
Ring Access BD2
ISID-2
ISID-2

802.1q or QinQ
PBB AC
Video Integration
Multicast HA, LSM: P2MP-TE,
Video Mon (Q1CY10)
MDI: MDI:
Hub Headend
CMTS
Cisco Cisco CRS-1
7600 7600 DCM DCM
GQAM
/XDQA
DNCS
Hub
CMTS Cisco
7600
GQAM CRS-1
/XDQA

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
Cisco 7600 High Availability
Network and Node Resiliency
Access Resiliency Mechanisms
SR/MR APS
Microwave Access
Access Circuit Redundancy
PW Redundancy, MS-PW
BTS Cisco 7600 Resilient Ethernet Protocol (REP)
Microwave
Spanning Tree (MST, PVRSTP)
Node
B SR/MR 802.3ad (mLACP)
R-L2GP (SRE), MAC withdrawal

TDM/ATM Access MPLS/IP Core Node Resiliency Mechanisms

Fully Redundant Commons
Fast Fabric Synchronization
BTS
Protocol Inclusive NSF/SSO
EFSU/ISSU
Node B
ISIS NSR (OSPF & BGP, Planned)

Core Resiliency Mechanisms

MPLS Access
2-way PW Redundancy (SRE)
MPLS TE/FRR, HSRP
BTS Hot Standby PW (SRE)
BFD, BFD VCCV (Planned)
Node PIC Edge (SRE), PIC Core
B
IP FRR (Planned), MoFRR (Planned)
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
 BGP Prefix Independent Convergence (PIC)

Detection of Link layer failure milliseconds

Report failure to Route Controller milliseconds

10’s of
Generate and flood an LSP milliseconds

10’s of
Trigger and Commute an SPF milliseconds

BGP Immediate
PIC Adjust FIB with single event and (0 milliseconds)
communicate change to linecards

Install FIB adjustment into linecard HW path Immediate

(0 milliseconds)

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
 BGP PIC Variants

 BGP PIC Core

IGP path to BGP Next-Hop does change
Examples: PE-P or P-P link failure, P node failure

 BGP PIC Edge

BGP Next-hop does change
Examples: Egress PE node failure, PE-CE link failure

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
 Cisco
BGP PIC CORE Leadership
Feature!
Sub-Second BGP Convergence

Intf1
PE2 CE2 N/n
CE1 PE1
VPN1 VPN1
site1 Site2

Normal forwarding path from ingress to egress PE

Intf1
PE2 CE2 N/n
CE1 PE1
Intf2
VPN1 VPN1
site1 Site2

Forwarding path from ingress to egress PE upon core failure

Configuration
cef table output-chain build favor convergence-speed

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
 Core Convergence without BGP PIC

Reaction to this
failure see next
slide

In case of 10,000 BGP prefixes,

10,000 output chains need to be
rewritten!

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32
 Core Convergence with BGP PIC
New Output Chain Element (OCE) called
“loadinfo” pointing to label OCE (IGP label)
and adjacency OCE (outgoing interface)

Reaction to this
failure see next
slide

10,000 BGP prefixes point to

loadinfo, one rewrite change in
OCEs of loadinfo is enough to
converge 10,000 prefixes

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33
 7600 – BGP PIC Core Test Results

63,291
prefixes/sec

5,035
prefixes/sec

 10,000 FIB rewrite events  10,000 FIB rewrite events

No No
PIC  10,000 new adjacencies are created, 10,000 PIC  1 new adjacency is created, 10,000 pointers are
pointers are redirected to new adjacency entries redirected to 1 shared adjacency entry
 1 FIB loadinfo inplace modification event  1 FIB loadinfo inplace modification event
PIC  Content of 1 adjacency is rewritten, no pointers PIC  Content of 1 adjacency is rewritten, no pointers
are redirected 1) are redirected

1) PIC core for VPNv4

Presentation_ID prefixes
© 2006 Cisco does
Systems, Inc. use
All rights recirculation
reserved. on Cisco7600
Cisco Confidential 35
 BGP PIC Edge – Node Failure

No /32 IGP route

2
to BGP Next-Hop

Recursive BGP
3 prefixes become
unresolved
Switchover to
4 Backup BGP
Path via new NH

BGP Next-Hop
1 goes down
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36
 BGP PIC Edge - Configuration
Ingress PE
cef table output-chain build favor convergence-
PIC Edge is a feature speed
configured only on the Enable inplace
router bgp 4711
local router! bgp log-neighbor-changes modificationin CEF
neighbor 1.0.0.67 remote-as 4711
neighbor 1.0.0.67 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 1.0.0.68 remote-as 4711
neighbor 1.0.0.68 update-source Loopback0
neighbor 100.100.4.34 remote-as 1012
neighbor 100.100.4.34 fall-over bfd
!
address-family ipv4 Install second best
bgp additional-paths install
bgp nexthop trigger delay 0 BGP Path as backup
neighbor 1.0.0.67 route-map Lauda_v4 out
neighbor 1.0.0.68 route-map Berger_v4 out
neighbor 100.100.4.34 activate
Force BGP path !
resolution to /32s address-family vpnv4
only for fast and neighbor 1.0.0.67 route-map Lauda_vpnv4 out
neighbor 1.0.0.68 route-map Berger_vpnv4 out
reliable detection !
address-family ipv4 vrf vrf101
bgp additional-paths install
bgp recursion host
neighbor 100.101.4.34 fall-over bfd

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37
 BGP PIC Edge – PE-CE Link Failure

Recursive BGP
3 prefixes become
unresolved Link to BGP
1
Next-Hop goes down
Switchover to
4 Backup BGP
Path via new NH
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38
 7600 – BGP PIC Edge Test Results
Default NHT
delay is 5s

7,251
prefixes/sec 12,453
prefixes/sec

 10,000 FIB rewrite events  10,000 FIB rewrite events

No No
PIC  10,000 new adjacencies are created, 10,000 PIC  1 new adjacency is created, 10,000 pointers are
pointers are redirected to new adjacency entries redirected to 1 shared adjacency entry
 1 FIB translation map rewrite event  1 FIB loadinfo inplace modification event
PIC  10,000 adjacency entries pre-programmed, PIC  Content of 1 adjacency is rewritten, no pointers
10,000 HW pointers are redirected 1) are redirected

1) HW FIB pointer
Presentation_ID re-direction
© 2006 Cisco Systems,is
Inc.very fast
All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40
 SW CEF Entry for VPNv4 Prefix
With BGP PIC Edge

Software FIB (customer command)

engine#sh ip cef vrf vrf101 65.0.1.0 de
65.0.1.0/24, epoch 4, flags rib defined all labels
recursive via 1.0.0.11 label 1043
nexthop 1.1.14.32 GigabitEthernet3/0/1.114 label 27
recursive via 1.0.0.33 label 1043, repair
nexthop 1.1.1.45 GigabitEthernet3/0/0.101 label 30

BGP paths are Inplace modification Backup path sent by

recursive via IGP enabled BGP/RIB

Software FIB (internal command) – CEF paths and flags

engine#sh ip cef vrf vrf101 65.0.1.0 in | i list|lock|adj|buck|choic|chain|> label|Path|Trans|Repair
contains path extension list

path 13342B1C, path list 1334E708, share 1/1, type recursive, for IPv4, flags must-be-labelled,
neos indirection, recursive-via-host

path 1A7214C4, path list 1C023BF8, share 1/1, type attached nexthop, for IPv4
nexthop 1.1.14.32 GigabitEthernet3/0/1.114 label 27, adjacency IP adj out of GigabitEthernet3/0/1.114,
addr 1.1.14.32 1D312700

path 13342A2C, path list 1334E708, share 1/1, type recursive, for IPv4, flags must-be-labelled,
neos indirection, repair, recursive-via-host

path 13342FCC, path list 1C023E28, share 1/1, type attached nexthop, for IPv4
nexthop 1.1.1.45 GigabitEthernet3/0/0.101 label 30, adjacency IP adj out of GigabitEthernet3/0/0.101,
addr 1.1.1.45 13348AA0
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 41
 Redundant Access Gateway Enhancements
L3 Service L2 E-LAN
Redundant Services L2 E-LINE IP Sessions

7600

1 MST Access
Gateway L3 IP/MPLS

2 REP or REP
Access
ASR 9000
Gateway
3 Multi-chassis
Link aggregation

L2 Access IP/MPLS Aggregation

Redundant
Access Gateway

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 48
 R-L2GP New in SRE

Root
L2 Network
BPDU PE11 MPLS Core
SVI VFI PE21
VFI SVI

L2
Switch
VFI SVI PE22
SVI VFI

BPDU PE12
VFI VFI

Second Best Bridge SVI SVI

 R-L2GP simplifies the solution by removing requirement to run full MSTP on N-PE
 Light modification to existing MST; static BPDU are generated and sent to L2
domain
 L2 domain isolation  Access network is in its own STP domain. Access network is
isolated to each other. Easy provisioning and troubleshooting
 Convergence time as per rapid STP
 TCN propagation  BPDU snooping to trigger VPLS MAC withdrawal

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 49
 New in SRE
mLACP Standby POA
Virtual LACP Peer

DHD
Inter-chassis Communication

EtherChannel with mLACP

Active POA

 mLACP with 2 sided PW redundancy integration provides a strong mechanism for

multi-chassis resiliency
 DHD is attached to a group of Points of Attachments which look like a single node
 mLACP appears to DHD as a single 802.3ad LACP
 POA work in active/standby mode
 ICC exchanges redundancy information between chassis
 Links to standby PoA are in hot-standby state
 Similar enhancement applies to REP access
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 50
 mLACP with two sided VPWS/VPLS New in SRE
redundancy
MPLS

PW 2 L3
L2 Standby Active
Standby PE1 PE2 Active
PW 1
Standby Active
PW 3
L1 Standby L4
DHD1 Active DHD2
Active PE4 Standby
PE3 E Active PW 4
Standby

 VPWS

Two PEs form one virtual group on each site, one PE is primary the other is backup
PE’s send primary/backup information during PW signaling
PW with both sides status <active> are established, others are hot standby
MPLS uplinks, attachment circuits and PW status tracking
Message exchange within virtual group (for mLACP it is ICC). New primary PE will
send PW status message to its peer group, and bring up the PW into forwarding.
 VPLS

PW will be active between PE’s with active access circuits only

Single active path through VPLS domain between PE virtual group
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 51
 Introduction to MACinMAC (802.1ah)
B-DA B-SA B-TAG TPDNRI C-DA C-SA C-TAG L2 PDU FCS

Octets 1–2 3 4–6 7–12 13–18

Res2
Res1
I-DEI
NCA
Ether-Type
I-PCP I-SID C-SA C-DA
(0x88-e7)

Bits 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

802.1ah Frame Format Settled

 Priority Code Point (I-PCP)
 Drop Eligible Indicator (I-DEI)
 No Customer Addresses (NCA)
 Reserved 1 (Res1)
 Reserved 2 (Res2)
 Backbone Service Instance Identifier (I-SID)
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 52
 IEEE 802.1ah Control Plane Model
IB-BEB
I-Component B-Component
C-MAC Lookup Function B-MAC Lookup Function
MAC Relay MAC Relay

EFP I-EFP B-EFP Switch

(Physical) (Virtual) (Virtual) Port
(Physical)

CIP PIP CBP PBP

B-MAC Tagging/ B-VLAN Re-write/

I-SID Insertion I-SID Validation

Ingress EFP (802.1ah UNI) MAC Tunnel Egress switchport (NNI)

int gig1/1 ethernet mac-tunnel virtual abc.com int gig1/2

service instance 15 ethernet bridge-domain 100 switchport
encapsulation dot1q 9 second-dot1q 8 service instance 31 ethernet switchport mode trunk
bridge-domain 10 c-mac encapsulation i-sid 10000 switchport allowed vlan 100
bridge-domain 10 c-mac

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 53
 802.1ah Related Terminologies and Inter-connections
CE

MPLS
PE C
Core 802.1ah 802.1ad / Q-in-Q CE
C
PBBN PBN
I PEB
B IB S
B
BEB BEB S
PB CE
I S
Peer B B B S
802.1ah BEB PB
PBBN B BCB S S CE
B S
(PB)
B B I
BEB S PEB
Hierarchical B I BEB B I
B C CE
802.1ah BEB I BEB
PBBN
B B
PE/ I
802.1Q C CE
BEB Q
I C
M C Q
MPLS BEB
P C
Core Q
C CE

Legend: C S I B M
C-Tagged S-Tagged I-Tagged B-Tagged MPLS
Interface Interface Interface Interface Interface

I B IB PE/ Q
PB PEB CE
BEB BEB BEB BEB
I type B type IB type MPLS PE and Provider Provider 802.1Q Customer
Backbone Backbone Backbone Backbone Bridge Edge Bridge C Bridge Equipment
Edge Bridge Edge Bridge Edge Bridge Edge Bridge (S Bridge) (C + S) Bridge
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 54
 Pseudo-wire Scalability of VPLS
PE PE VPLS
PE IP/MPLS PE
 Full mesh of PWs between virtual switching
instances (VSI)
 Mesh per VPLS customer
PE PE
PE PE
 PW scale challenges

Hierarchical VPLS (H-VPLS)

N-PE IP/MPLS N-PE
 Core interconnects edge domains (MPLS or
Ethernet)
U-PE
U-PE IP/MPLS 802.1ad  Hub-and-spoke topology in IP/MPLS edge
N-PE N-PE
PB  Smaller full mesh in core
 Mesh per VPLS customer

H-VPLS with PBB

N-PE IP/MPLS N-PE
 U-PE adds/removes PBB encapsulation
U-PE
 U-PE can group multiple I-SIDs in a B-VID
U-PE IP/MPLS 802.1ah  Multiple customers per mesh possible if
N-PE N-PE PBB using VPLS instance per B-VID

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 55
 MAC Address Scalability in H-VPLS
H-VPLS H-VPLS with PBB
N-PE IP/MPLS N-PE N-PE IP/MPLS N-PE

U-PE U-PE U-PE U-PE

IP/MPLS 802.1ad IP/MPLS 802.1ah
PB
N-PE N-PE N-PE N-PE PBB

c-mac c-mac c-mac b-mac b-mac c-mac

c-mac c-mac c-mac b-mac b-mac c-mac
: : : : : :
: : : b-mac b-mac :
: : : :
: : : :
: : : :
: : c-mac c-mac
: :
: :
: :
: :
: :
: :
:
:
:
:
 No customer MAC addresses
:
:
:
:
on N-PE nodes
: :
: :  N-PEs only learn backbone
: :
:
:
:
:
MAC addresses imposed by
:
:
:
:
U-PEs
c-mac c-mac

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 56
 7600 – MPLS + PBB IB-BEB Configuration
VPWS + 802.1ah Service Implementation

Step 1 Step 2
Ingress EFP configuration (UNI) Mac-in-Mac tunnel configuration
interface TenGigabitEthernet3/1 ethernet mac-tunnel virtual 1
dot1q tunneling ethertype 0x88A8 description ** IB-BEB - Mac Tunnel 1
service instance 100 ethernet bridge-domain 1000
description ** UNI EFP – VPWS Service service instance 1 ethernet
encapsulation dot1q 100 second-dot1q 1-4094 description ** VPWS Service - ISID
rewrite ingress tag pop 1 symmetric encapsulation dot1ah isid 10000
service-policy input vz-ingress-policer bridge-domain 100 c-mac
service-policy output vz-H-QoS-parent
l2protocol forward
bridge-domain 100 c-mac

Step 3
VPWS configuration
interface Vlan1000
description ** IB-BEB – VPWS Service
xconnect 2.2.2.2 3000 encapsulation mpls

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 57
 7600 – MPLS + PBB IB-BEB Configuration
VPLS + 802.1ah Service Implementation
Step 2
Step 1 Mac-in-Mac tunnel configuration
Ingress EFP configuration (UNI) ethernet mac-tunnel virtual 1
description ** IB-BEB - Mac Tunnel 1
bridge-domain 1000
service instance 1 ethernet
interface TenGigabitEthernet3/1
description ** VPWS Service - ISID
dot1q tunneling ethertype 0x88A8
encapsulation dot1ah isid 10000
service instance 100 ethernet
bridge-domain 100 c-mac
description ** UNI EFP – VPLS Service
encapsulation dot1q 100 second-dot1q 1-4094
rewrite ingress tag pop 1 symmetric
service-policy input vz-ingress-policer
service-policy output vz-H-QoS-parent
l2protocol forward
bridge-domain 100 c-mac
Step 3
VPLS configuration
interface TenGigabitEthernet3/2
dot1q tunneling ethertype 0x88A8
l2 vfi Vz-MAC-Tunnel-1 manual
service instance 100 ethernet
vpn id 3000
description ** UNI EFP - VPLS Service
neighbor 2.2.2.2 encapsulation mpls
encapsulation dot1q 100 second-dot1q 1-4094
neighbor 3.3.3.3 encapsulation mpls
rewrite ingress tag pop 1 symmetric
service-policy input vz-ingress-policer
service-policy output vz-H-QoS-parent
interface Vlan1000
l2protocol forward
description ** IB-BEB – VPLS Service
bridge-domain 100 c-mac
xconnect vfi Vz-MAC-Tunnel-1 manual

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 58
 P2MP RSVP-TE
Receiver
High
Bandwidth
Source PE3
Receiver
PE1 P1
PE4
Receiver

PE2
• PE1 is the head-end
• Three tunnel destination: PE2, PE3 and PE4
• PE1 sets up and maintains three S2L sub-LSPs via three
RSVP Path messages (one per destination)

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 59
 P2MP TE RSVP –
RSVP PATH Messages

PATH
PE3
PATH

PATH
PE1 P1 PATH

PATH PE4

PE2
Head-end Router PE1 sends three path messages (one per
destination)
First PATH message: PE1 -> P1 -> PE3
Second PATH message: PE1 -> P1 -> PE4
Third PATH message: PE1 -> PE2
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 60
 P2MP TE LSP Setup –
RSVP RESV Message
L=30
RESV Headend Branch Tailend1
point
L=50 PE3 PATH
RESV PATH
PA
TH

RESV
RESV RESV
PE1 L=50 P1 RESV RESV RESV

L=40 PE4
RESV Tailend2
L=20

PE2
• PE3 advertises incoming “30”, PE4 advertises “40” and PE2 advertises “20”
• RSVP RESV from PE3 and PE4 may reach P1 at different times
• Upon arrival of RESV from PE3, P1 advertises incoming label “50” for the LSP
destined for PE3
• Upon arrival of RESV from PE4, P1 realizes that it is a branch point. Hence, P1
also advertises SAME incoming label “50” for LSP destined for PE4
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 61
 P2MP TE LSP Data Plane
Label IPv4 IPv4
30 packet packet
IPv4 Label IPv4
packet 50 packet PE3

IPv4
packet
PE1 P1
Label
40
IPv4
packet
PE4
Label IPv4
20 packet

PE2 IPv4
packet
Mid-point Label Replication
• Advertise the same incoming label for LSP destined for PE3 and PE4
• This mechanism allows upstream LSR to perform label replication
Head-end Label Replication
• Sends one packet (outgoing label 50) for both LSP destined for PE3 and PE4

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 62
 P2MP-TE Deployment Considerations

 P2MP IOS Supported Platform : 7600

 Image release : 122SRE
 7600 P2MP Supports Egress replication only. So cannot co-exist with
MVPN. Ingress capable cards have to be powered off.
 TE-FRR Link protection is only supported for this release.
 Supports head-end scalability of 1500 TE Tunnels/sub-lsps.
 Midpoint scalability limit of 10,000 tunnels/sub-lsp’s.
 For line rate performance use ES+ line cards.
 Active and backup have to be bundled interfaces across same line
cards for port-channel FRR

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 63
 Cisco 7600 Subscriber Aware Ethernet
For 3-Play Services
Service
Service Subscriber
Subscriber
User
User
Authentication
Authentication
Voice
Voice over
over IP
IP
Dynamic
Dynamic
Provisioning
Provisioning //
Self-provisioning
Self-provisioning

IPTV
IPTV Accounting
Accounting

High
High BW
BW &&
Multicast
Multicast
High
High Speed
Speed
Internet
Internet
Access
Access Hierarchical
Hierarchical QOS
QOS

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 68
 Flexible Ethernet Services Mapping
Enabling Multiservice Aggregation
Residential
Flexible Mapping of VLAN translation Business VPN L2/L3
Subscriber Sessions
subscriber VLANs to capabilities for single Bitstream wholesale
with RADIUS based
services (L2, L3, and doubled tagged services
zero-touch
MPLS, ISG) VLANs
provisioning

Residential
VLAN
-802.1q ISG
-QinQ Subscriber
H-QOS Session
per
STB
Session
Business L3/VRF
Corporate
Flexible L2, Bridged
VLAN Security
H-QOS VPLS
Business
per Trans-
L2, Point to Point
Corporate VLAN lation
1:1 EoMPLS
Residential 2:2
1:2

STB
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 69
 Cisco 7600 ES+ Subscriber-Aware Ethernet

RADIUS DHCP Portal

 IP/PPP Sessions to meet triple-

play requirements with simple,
flexible per-subscriber control RADIUS /
AAA
 Zero-touch provisioning and push/pull
Per
dynamic per-subscriber H-QOS Sub/Service
Accounting
Self-pro-
with Cisco ISG visioning
/ Selfcare
ISG
 Up to 40G per slot for business PPPoEoX L4R
and residential services on same IPoE Internet
port
 Distribute architecture and ISG
decrease CAPEX spending with Sessions

increased BW per subscriber

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 70
 7600 BNG Feature Highlights
 PPPoEoE (802.1q, QinQ)  ES+ support with 40Gbps per slot
 ISG IP Sessions bandwidth
 ISG Support  Link Aggregation for PPPoE/IP
Zero-touch provisioning Sessions -- 1:1 (ES+ only)
Change of Authorization
 Multicast Co-existence with IP
Dynamic VRF assignment
sessions (ES+ only)
 RADIUS support
 NAS port option 82 + option 60
 DHCP relay/server Transparent Auto Logon
 DHCP Radius Proxy
 DHCP Authentication
 48K VLAN subinterfaces
 Session HA for ISG IPoE and
PPPoE
 Hierarchical QoS
 Lawful Intercept
 Control Plane Policing

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 71
 ES+ Intelligent Services Gateway License

 The ES+ ISG license includes all the available features

for subscriber aware sessions :
IP sessions, ISG, PPPoE sessions, ISG dynamic QOS provisioning,
IP session HA, radius accounting, DHCP relay, DHCP server,
radius proxy, and TAL.
8 VRF’s per license for internal management / operations use.
 Purchase ISG licenses for the entire system, in units of
8000 sessions, for example:
One 8K license for 8000 sessions on the system
Two 8K licenses for 16,000 sessions on the system

76-ES+ISG-LIC ES+ Intelligent Services Gateway (ISG) Software License

76-ES+ISG-LIC= ES+ Intelligent Services Gateway (ISG) Software License

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 72
 7600 SW Releases and Planning Timeline
SRA
Shipped
June ’06
End of Sale SRC SRC4 SRD3 SRD4 Rls7 15.0(1)S Rls9 15.1(2)S
Shipped Shipped Shipped Shipped FCS target FCS target
January ’08 May’09 Sept’09 Feb ‘10 Jul’10 Mar’11
EOS EOS CC’d Planning
announced announced

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

SRB SRD SRB6 SRE SRE1 Rls8 15.1(1)S Rls10 15.1(3)S

Shipped Shipped Shipped Shipped FCS target FCS target FCS target
February ’07 October ‘08 Jun’09 Nov’09 Apr‘2010 Nov’10 Jul’10
End of Sale EC’d Planning Planning

Recommended
SW Releases

Future Release Information is Subject to Change

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 73
Time Based Release -- Benefits
New Time-Based Release Model for 7600
Starting with Rls7 in July 2010

Faster Time to Market – Feature release every 4

months
Responsive to
Business Needs Predictable schedule for new features and
rebuilds

Improved quality – releases are more stable more

quickly (no features in rebuilds)
Faster to Deploy
Broadened feature consistency across platforms
(Shared components with ASR1000 )

Clear software deployment & migration guidelines

Proactive release support policies

Easier to Manage
Consistent release numbering for new feature
releases vs. maintenance rebuilds

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 74
 Cisco 7600 and IOS Releases

2H 2009 1H 2010 2H 2010 1H 2011 2H 2011 1H 2012 2H 2013

SRB6
SRB EOS (Oct. 09)

SRC4 EOS (May 10)

SRC
Catalyst 6500
End of Sale Announcement
chassis support
SRD3 SRD4 (Feb 10) on 7600 SW
SRD
branches

12,2SRE SRE1 (Apr 10)

SRE
CCO 11/09 SRE2

15.0(1)S S1 S2 S3 S4
7600-RLS7
CCO (July 10)

7600-RLS8
CCO (Nov 10)

7600-RLS9
Initial CCO CCO (Mar 11)

Rebuild
PSIRT * SW Release dates subject to change without notice
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 75
RLS7 Feature Summary Status: EC’d
FCS : July 2010

Carrier Ethernet High Availability QOS

• 802.1ad full compliance • MPLS TE-FRR for VPLS
• REP configurable fast timers Port-Channel/LACP uplinks
• CLASS-based-QoS-MIB for • BRE plus Sonet/SDH APS
EVC support on SIP400 & SIP
• Private Host on SVI for 200
VPLS and SVI based • BFD VCCV for ATM AC
EoMPLS • BFD over Port Channel
• EVC over Port-
channel/LACP with weighted Video / Multicast
load balancing • Vidmon
• Static PW using P2MP TE or
RSVP
Mobile • P2MP MPLS-TE NSF/SSO
• 1588 v2 on Metronome SPA • mLDP for mVPN and mVPN
• Synchonization Messaging Extranet
via SSM/ESMC (including
HA) Routing
• PIC Core for IGP with ECMP
• ES+ Port-Channel Qos Gap
completion
• Policing for EVC over Port-
Channel/LACP on ES20
• Non-Agg WRED on ATM
(v1) SPA
• COS based WRED on L3
Main Interfaces on ES+
ISG and IP edge
• DHCP Radius Proxy
Hardware
• WAN PHY/OTN on ES+XC
• ATM v2 SPAs
• Tunable DWDM XFP for
ES+
• GLC-GE-100FX for ES+
• XFP-10G-MM-SR for ES+
• ONS-SC-155-EL – Electrical
STM1 for v1 and v2 ATM
SPAs

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 76
 Cisco 7600 delivers on next generation requirements

 Services shift – any service any screen

Subscriber Aware Ethernet for Next Generation BNG
features
L2 & L3 service control and accounting with ISG for IP and
Ethernet
Leading 3G/4G Mobile Gateway solutions

 New Broadband Profiles

High BW per subscriber – ES+ 40 Gig LCs
High queuing density and granularity
Architecture Flexibility and scale

 Focus on profitability
Leading distributed edge architecture
Residential, Business, and Wholesale profiles
ISG 2.0 – dynamic services for Ethernet
Video performance and Management leadership

 Execute on Carrier Ethernet vision

ISG Dynamic service creation for L2/L3
IP-RAN scale and migration to Ethernet
Flexibility to respond to changing user behavior

Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 77
Presentation_ID © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 78