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ADAPT-MAT 2010
USER MANUAL
110810
Copyright 2010
support@adaptsoft.com www.adaptsoft.com
ADAPT Corporation, Redwood City, California, 94061, USA, Tel: +1 (650) 306-2400 Fax +1 (650) 306-2401
ADAPT International Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, India Tel: +91-33-302 86580 Fax: +91-33-224 67281
LIST OF CONTENTS Content
LIST OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 5
BASIC FEATURES .......................................................................................... 9
2 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 11
2.1 GEOMETRY ......................................................................................................... 11
2.2 SUPPORT CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Soil Support Area....................................................................................... 15
2.2.2 Compression Only Soil .............................................................................. 16
2.2.3 Soil / Rock Anchors ................................................................................... 16
2.2.4 Grade Beam Support .................................................................................. 16
2.2.5 Line Springs ............................................................................................... 17
2.2.6 Point Springs .............................................................................................. 17
2.2.7 Point Supports ............................................................................................ 17
2.2.8 Line Supports ............................................................................................. 17
2.2.9 Piles............................................................................................................ 18
2.2.10 Voids in Soil .............................................................................................. 18
2.3 MATERIAL PROPERTIES................................................................................... 18
2.4 LOADS .................................................................................................................. 18
2.4.1 Load Cases ................................................................................................. 19
2.4.2 Load Combinations .................................................................................... 19
2.5 BASE REINFORCEMENT ................................................................................... 19
2.6 POST-TENSIONING ............................................................................................ 19
2.7 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 20
2.8 DESIGN ................................................................................................................. 21
2.9 GENERATION OF DRAWINGS ......................................................................... 22
2.10 LINK WITH OTHER PROGRAMS AND BUILDER DATA EXCHANGE CAPABILITY
............................................................................................................................ 22
3
Content LIST OF CONTENTS
TUTORIAL..................................................................................................... 47
6.1 GENERATE STRUCTURAL MODEL ................................................................ 49
6.2 ANALYSIS............................................................................................................ 49
EXAMPLES .................................................................................................... 95
SAMPLE CALCULATION REPORT......................................................... 99
9 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 101
4
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW
5
OVERVIEW Chapter 1
ADAPT MAT is a computer program that enables you to model, analyze, design, and
generate structural drawings for ground supported concrete structures that are used to
transfer load to the underlain soil in a serviceable and safe manner. The program can
handle practically all possible foundation configurations and loads, using a state-of-the-
art 3D modeling and Finite Element Technology, and designing in accordance with the
US and major international building codes.
Following a short glance at some of the features of the program that are described below,
it is recommended that you go through the section on “Quick Start” to familiarize
yourself with the operation of the program. Next, follow the tutorial, before you start
your design project.
Since this program forms a part of the ADAPT-Builder suite, the general graphical
interface and modeling techniques are described in ADAPT-Floor Pro’s User Manual.
This User Manual forms part of the ADAPT-MAT software package. It is recommended
that you keep the manual handy and refer to it when needed.
If you are already familiar with ADAPT-FLOOR Pro, you may skip the section on Quick
Start, and Modeling and Design Process, since the two programs use essentially the same
interface, modeling and design process.
7
Chapter 2
BASIC FEATURES
9
BASIC FEATURES Chapter 2
2 OVERVIEW
2.1 GEOMETRY
Slab regions: a foundation mat can consist of one or more slab regions,
each with its own shape on plan, and its own thickness. The slab regions
can have different elevations, creating steps either at the top or bottom of
the foundation system.
Grade beams: Grade beams can be in any number, any dimension and
orientation. Grade beams can be standalone or be part of a foundation slab.
If they are part of the foundations slab, their structural interaction with the
slab in resisting the applied loads is automatically accounted for in the
analysis and design steps of the software. Further, the program recognizes
the elevation of the grade beams with respect to the foundation slab in
both its analysis and design stages.
11
Chapter 2 BASIC FEATURES
12
BASIC FEATURES Chapter 2
13
Chapter 2 BASIC FEATURES
Walls and columns above foundation mats: One story height of walls and
columns can be modeled above a foundation system. The program
accounts for the stiffness of these structural components when analyzing
the foundation. The degree of stiffness of each of these structural
components depends on the fixity defined by you at the far end of a wall
or a column. The default setting of the program is freedom to
displacement and rotation at the far ends of the walls and columns above a
foundation. The height of a wall or column above a foundation is taken to
be the story height defined by you, but you have the option to modify the
height of each wall.
14
BASIC FEATURES Chapter 2
Foundations can be modeled to rest on more than one type of soil. Each
soil type will be specified with its own property and the support area it
covers. A supporting soil region can be extended beyond the boundary of
a mat and below the openings. The program will consider only the
resistance of soil that is immediately below the structural members of the
foundation. Soil regions modeled extending beyond the boundary of a
mat’s structural members and within the openings will not be considered
to provide support. Not all the regions of a foundation system need be
supported on soil. You may define parts of the foundation to overhang or
span unsupported lengths.
The soil is represented by Winkler springs, for which you define the
associated bulk modulus as part of your input data. The unit for the soil’s
bulk modulus is lb/in3. This value typically varies between 100 to 400 pci
(between 0.03 to 0.12 N/mm3). In the absence of detailed information 200
psi (0.06 N/mm3) is a reasonable starting point.
15
Chapter 2 BASIC FEATURES
You have the option to limit the transfer of force between a foundation
member and its underlain soil as compression only. This results in
separation between the underlain soil and the foundation member, where
tension is likely to occur – hence no load transfer. Also, you can specify
the soil to resist both tension and compression.
The soil region you define provides only up and down support. For a
support with capability of resisting forces in the horizontal direction and
moments, you will use other options of support, as detailed below.
Soil and Rock anchors are designed to resist tensile forces only. They are
used where there is potential of uplift, such as overturning due to high
winds, seismic forces, or uplift from raised water table. Under normal
conditions, support is provided by soil. But when the load on a foundation
results in an uplift, the soil/rock anchors will be mobilized to resist the
uplift. The tensile force developed in a soil/rock anchor depends on the
user defined stiffness. In principle, soil anchors are “tension only” point
supports with specified stiffness values. You will use point springs to
model soil anchors.
The default setting of the program is that the soil anchors take only tension
in the vertical direction. You define their property in terms of (pounds per
inch of extension, kN/mm extension, or tons/cm of extension). The
program provides you the option to specify stiffness for displacements
other than vertical direction.
Grade beams that are integrated with a mat slab do not need additional
support definition. The soil region that supports the mat will also support
the grade beam. But for grade beams that are isolated (Fig. 2.2-2) you
need to specify a line support along the beams. The stiffness of the support
is defined in terms of displacement of the soil support per unit force
placed on unit length of the grade beam [lb/in2; kN/mm2; t/m2).
Obviously, the wider the grade beam, the stronger will be the resistance of
the supporting soil, since the larger contact area mobilizes a larger volume
of soil beneath the beam.
16
BASIC FEATURES Chapter 2
For example if the bulk modulus of the soil is 200 lb/in3, (0.06 N/mm3
units) and the width of the grade beam is 24 inch (600 mm), the resistance
of the soil per unit length of the beam to be specified is : 200x24 = 4,800
lb/in2 length of grade beam (0.06x600 = 36 N/mm2 length).
In the general case, you will use line spring tool with compression
stiffness in the vertical direction to model grade beam supports.
Line springs provide you with a more general support condition than the
simple support of a member on soil. The support provided by a line spring
can be resistance along one or more of the three principal directions, with
or without associated rotational stiffness. The stiffness provided along the
length of a line spring is constant. Changes of stiffness along a line are
defined by several lines springs, each with its own stiffness.
direction(s). The vertical location of the line support can be below, above
or any other height with respect of the mat foundation.
2.2.9 Piles
Piles are used, where the soil is considered not adequate in providing the
support needed for the superstructure. A pile supported mat behaves
essentially the same as a column supported slab, since the mat and its load
are supported at discrete pile locations similar to a suspended slab
supported on columns. There is no design contribution of the soil below
the mat in providing resistance is disregarded. The pile supported mats can
be best modeled and designed using ADAPT-Floor Pro. When using
ADAPT-MAT each pile has to be modeled as a point spring having the
same stiffness properties as the pile it represents.
Each of the structural components specified, such as slab regions, grade beams,
and reinforcement have can be specified with its own material property. Structural
components of the same type, such as two columns can each have their own
different material properties. You define the properties of the materials to be used
in your model in the “Materials” pull-down menu and assign them to the
structural components you create.
2.4 LOADS
18
BASIC FEATURES Chapter 2
Each load you define is assigned to a “load case.” This will enables you to
group the loads that are associated with a common source. There is
essentially no limitation on the number of loads that you may define, nor
is there a limitation on the number of load cases. The program comes with
default load cases of DEAD, LIVE, and PRESTRESSING along with
several other pre-defined cases. Selfweight of the mat is automatically
calculated, and at your choice it can be included in your analysis.
The base reinforcement you define, can be expressed in terms of (i) bars at given
spacing (regular mesh), or (ii) reinforcement areas per unit width of the slab, (iii)
or isolated single or spaced bars with given length, size and location, (iv) or a
combination of one or more of the above types. Different regions of the mat can
be assigned different reinforcement. In other words, you can define different mesh
reinforcement specifications for different regions in the mat.
2.6 POST-TENSIONING
19
Chapter 2 BASIC FEATURES
2.7 ANALYSIS
The analysis process is initiated by assuming full contact of a mat with underlain
soil. At each iteration, the program eliminates the regions of the soil/mat contact
where uplift occurs, until full equilibrium of the entire structural system through
transfer of compressive force between the mat and its underlain soil is achieved.
In each iteration, the program re-generates the entire stiffness matrix of the
structure, and obtains a solution. For this reason, and the fact that in such
conditions superposition of load cases does not apply, the analysis of mat
foundations with potential of uplift takes longer to achieve.
20
BASIC FEATURES Chapter 2
2.8 DESIGN
21
Chapter 2 BASIC FEATURES
The design information concludes with a complete code check, using the building
code you specify. Where needed, the program determines and reports
reinforcement from the library of bars defined by you, or bar sizes of your choice.
The program checks both the service (SLS) and strength (ULS) requirements of
your selected building code. The reinforcement report of the program includes
the number, position and length of each bar on plan of the mat, ready to be used in
your structural drawing. If prestressed, the program also gives you a detailed
report of stress check, as required by building codes.
If the foundation slab you design forms part of a multi-story building for which
you have developed an independent model in a commercially available program,
and you have the results of the loads from the superstructure, there are several
ways to facilitate the transfer of this information to ADAPT -Mat as applied load.
The common method is to simply enter the load in the program using
the loading toolbar
Loads from other software can be formatted into the mat’s data
exchange file and be imported to ADAPT -Mat. The program can read
and import loads, if the information is formatted according to
ADAPT’s Data Exchange File. Details of this file are given in one of
the manual appendices.
ADAPT-Mat has the capability of importing solutions directly from
several commercially available programs. With time, more programs
will be added to the list of software that can directly export their
solution to ADAPT-Mat. The programs with direct link with ADAPT
are listed in a pull-down menu (File/Import) of your ADAPT-Mat. A
direct importation of loads eliminates potential errors in data
generation, in addition in a significant saving in time.
22
Chapter 3
QUICK START
23
QUICK START Chapter 3
3 OVERVIEW
This Chapter covers two simple examples giving you a quick introduction to the
program. Once you are done with the examples of this chapter, it is recommended
to review the Chapter on Tutorial for a step-by-step description of data generation
and design.
Open the program to display the splash window shown below. Select
“Mat/raft foundations/grade beams” option, if not already selected. Click
OK to open the main program interface.
Details of the interface and its tools are given elsewhere. You may refer to
them, if needed. But, for the current task we limit ourselves to the features
that cover our immediate objective.
25
Capter 3 QUICK START
For getting started, we will use the tools that enable us to do the following
We will introduce and invoke each of the tools listed above one after the other
3.2 EXAMPLE 1
Find the deflection of the foundation mat shown in Fig. 3.2-1 and the distribution
of soil pressure below it.
Create a Grid
We will use the tool marked 8 in the toolbar shown below to create a grid of 5
ft spacing as illustrated in the second figure below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
26
QUICK START Chapter 3
FIGURE ???
27
Capter 3 QUICK START
started on the gives you a list of the steps to follow in order to complete the
analysis and design of your mat foundation. The items listed here are discussed in
greater detail in the Modeler Manual and in Chapter 5 of this manual.
o Perform analysis
o Prepare to design
o Design
28
QUICK START Chapter 3
The common and at the same time more accurate method for the
generation of geometry of your structural model is the option 1 –
importing an AutoCad file, since most of the commercially available
multi-story software does not model the complex foundation geometry
with adequate degree of accuracy.
Define the location and properties of the soil support, piles and rock anchors,
if any.
In this step you determine whether the structural model of the foundation slab
you have generated and its support conditions are indeed a faithful
representation of your requirements, before proceeding with detailed analysis
and design. The steps are:
Mesh the structure
Analyze the structure for an arbitrary concentrated load in the central
region of the mat
Analyze the structure
View the deflected shape of the structure under selfweight and satisfy
yourself that the results look reasonable in shape and magnitude.
29
Capter 3 QUICK START
30
QUICK START Chapter 3
The program provides you with the option to generate structural drawings
with detailed information for construction, as described elsewhere in ADAPT-
Builder documents1
Review the rebar generated and edit the size, orientation, number and
length of the bars, if needed.
View/modify the font size and line properties of the drawing suitable
for the size of DWG drawing you plan go generate.
1
Workshop package of builder
31
Chapter 4
USER INTERFACE
33
USER INTERFACE Chapter 4
4 OVERVIEW
The features of the user interface of the program, description of details of each of
the toolbars, and the modeling techniques are detailed in Chapter 3 of the Modeler
User Manual. The following describes the tools that are specific to the mat
foundation
Describe some from the modeler manual and the remainder here.
4.1 ??
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 – unchanged
1.1 – between tool 1 and tool 2 add the “Soil Support” tool and its tool tip.
2 – graphics unchanged – limit to creation of column above
3 – graphics unchanged – limit to creation of wall above
4 – unchanged
5 – unchanged
6 – change the bitmap to show the column above (ask Bijan for details).
6,1 create a tool graphics as given by Bijan, for a pile foundation. Use the
following tool tip:
End-bearing pile
6.2 create a tool graphics as given by Bijan for soil/rock anchor and use
the following tool tip.
Soil/rock anchor
7 - rebar
35
Chapter 4 USER INTERFACE
36
Chapter 5
37
MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS Chapter 5
5. OVERVIEW
This section outlines the steps that you have to follow in designing a
conventionally reinforced or post-tensioned mat foundation, using the ADAPT-
Mat. You will skip the sections that relate to post-tensioning, if the mat you
design is conventionally reinforced. Depending on whether you already have an
electronic file of the mat geometry or not, and whether you are familiar with
AutoCAD or not there are different options available to you. Refer to the flow
chart and the text that follows for the details.
39
Chapter 5 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS
Yes } No
Fabrication drawing
(shop/installation drawing)
40
MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS Chapter 5
If you have an electronic file of the floor slab, and also have some
knowledge of AutoCAD.
o Create layers that you will be using to convert the drawing into
structural model for analysis and design. For example, create a layer
for columns and copy or move the columns on the CAD drawing to
that layer. And, create a layer for walls, for openings, for beams, and
for distinct slab regions. This will enable you to convert the CAD
entities directly to the associated structural components, once you
import your drawing to ADAPT Floor Pro. Remember when you
import walls and columns from the CAD drawing, you need to move
them above the mat.
Open ADAPT-Mat
Import and Calibrate the floor plan
Create and Validate the Structural Model
41
Chapter 5 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS
Apply Loads
o If the load cases you plan to use are more than “dead”, “live”,
“selfweight” and “prestressing” do the following2:
Go to “Load Case Library” and enter the label of the other
load cases that you plan to use. Once the label is listed in the
library, enables you to enter the associated loads.
o Enter the loads of each load case. Make sure that each load you enter
is assigned to the correct load case listed in the load case library.
2
Note that a “load case” is different from “load combination.” Using basic load cases, you can combine
them in many different ways. The load cases are the basic constituents of the load combinations. The
prestressing load case includes both “prestressing” and “hyperstatic” cases.
42
MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS Chapter 5
Base reinforcement is the reinforcement you like to place in the mat slab,
regardless of the outcome of the calculations. But, at the same time, you
want presence of the reinforcement you have specified as base
reinforcement to be fully accounted for in design. In other words, you want
the program to report only the reinforcement needed in excess of what you
have specified. The base reinforcement generally consists of a bottom and or
top mesh, added pre-defined bars below the columns (number, size and
length)3, and pre-defined longitudinal bars at the corners of beam cages.
3
In many instances, you may wish to place a given number of bars of pre-defined size and length below
the support in a given direction. The program allows you to define these and will report whatever is needed
in addition to your pre-defined bar layout.
43
Chapter 5 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS
Analyze Structure
o Go to 3D viewer and view the deflected shape of the structure for the
principal load cases. These are “service”, “post-tensioning” and
other load cases that you have defined. If the deflected shapes and
their magnitudes appear acceptable, you may proceed to the design
stage. Otherwise, adjust or correct the suspect data or parameters.
o Use the support line wizard to create support lines along one of the
principal axes of the structure. If the columns/walls do not line up,
the support line will not be straight. This should not be a concern,
since the program can automatically adjust the direction of the
calculated reinforcement to that of your choice independent from the
orientation of associated support lines. Alternatively, you can draw
support lines along the directions where you are likely to place added
reinforcement, where needed.
o Create “Design Strips” automatically for the support lines created
above. Use the FEM option for design strip creation.
o Use the color rendering of the design strips to make sure that the
strips created cover the entire floor area. Each part of the floor area
must have been assigned to a design strip.
o Correct the errors if any.
o If based on your judgment, the geometry of the strips created by the
program is not a good arrangement, use splitters to modify the
program’s choice.
o Re-create the design strips, until the selection is acceptable to you.
o Save
44
MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS Chapter 5
o Activate the code check of the structure and the calculation of the
necessary reinforcement by selecting “Design the Design Sections.”
o If the mat is post-tensioned, the program reports the design sections
that do not meet the minimum requirements of the code in broken
magenta lines. Otherwise, the design sections will be shown in
green. Green display of a design section means that the code
requirements for that section are met. If the mat is not prestressed,
the program provides added reinforcement, where needed to comply
with the design code you have selected.
o To accept the design, select several of the critical design strips one
after the other, and view the outcome of the design by displaying the
following:
45
Chapter 5 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS
o Select the “Punching Shear Check” tool to perform code check for
punching shear.
o View the values of the punching shear reported by the program on
the screen. If necessary and permissible, the program reports the
necessary reinforcement. The program also reports, if a section does
not pass Code.
o Save data
Once you reach this stage, your design is completed. The steps to follow are to
prepare the structural documents. These are:
4
Punching shear check can also be performed after the completion of the “analysis” and prior to the
“design.”
46
Chapter 6
TUTORIAL
47
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
6.2 ANALYSIS
Add loads:
49
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
Go to the Criteria pull-down menu, select General and review the default
values of each of the tabs. Modify if necessary. In particular, make sure
that you select the building code of your choice. Once you select/confirm
the building code, the program automatically creates the default load
combinations of the building code you selected.
Go to the Materials pull-down menu, and enter the material properties for
concrete, nonprestressed steel and prestressed steel, if applicable. If there
is more than one concrete material, steel or prestressing in your structure,
this is the time to give a label to each of the new materials used and define
their properties. In your modeling, the program has assumed that all the
components of the structure you created have the material names entered
on the first line of each of the lists. If you added any new material to the
list of existing materials, open the property box of the structural
components that must have the new material and change their material
name to the one you created.
5
Once you add new loads, the selfweight load case is likely to become part of other load combinations.
That is why you need to create a selfweight load combination. Also, if you plan to have skipping of live
load, leave this option to the last, after you have made sure that the model you have created works well.
50
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
Design:
o Using the support line wizard from the Model Strips pull down
menu, create support lines in two orthogonal directions. Make sure
that you assign to the support lines in one direction X-direction,
and to its orthogonal direction Y-direction.
o Go to the FEM pull down menu and click on Create Design
Sections Automatically. Save data.
o From the FEM pull-down menu click on Design the Design
Section(s).
Generate/view reinforcement:
51
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
Group tendons:
6
For generating fabrication drawings, tendons are grouped more extensively, assigning unique group
identification to tendons of same length and profile.
52
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
o In the Tendon tab, select the group to add the selected tendons.
Press OK to close the Modify Properties dialog window.
o Repeat the above steps, until all tendons are assigned to their
respective groups.
o Go to the Grouping Dialog Window and make only one group of
tendons visible, such as distributed tendons. Once you have printed
the drawing for this group, hide this group and make the next
group visible.
From the Reports pull-down menu, click on Compiled Reports. Select the
items of your choice and send to printer.
6.3 EXAMPLE??
You can generate a structural model in several ways. (i)If you have
dwg/dxf of the floor, you can import a DWG file and convert it to a
structural model (1B-3B), or (ii) if you do not have dwg/dxf of the floor,
you can simply draw the structure (1A-3A) as we will do in this tutorial.
The last option is the quickest way to become familiar with the
environment and principal features of the program.
53
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
From the main toolbar click on the Grid Settings tool ( ). The
following dialog window opens (Fig.1-1). Select 5 ft spacing and
click OK.
From the User Interface pull-down menu, select the Build Toolbar.
The following (Fig. 1-2) tool bar will display. We will use this
toolbar to create the geometry of our floor slab.
7
The plus sign “+” on the graphics of each tool means that the tool is for “generation” of what its
graphics implies.
54
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
o After you click on the fourth vertex of the slab, press “C” to
close the slab boundary. Your slab should look similar to Fig.
1-3.
o Next click on “Esc” or right-click the mouse to exit the mode
of creating slab region.
o To enter the slab thickness, place the mouse on the slab
boundary and double click on it. The property box of the slab
(Fig. 1-4) will open. In the “Thickness” data field, enter 16 in
(400mm).
o Click on the check mark at the top left of the dialog box. The
changes you make in the dialog box will be applied only if you
click on the check mark after you make a change. Then click
on the top right “x” to close the dialog box.
55
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
56
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
57
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
Next step is to create the soil support. From the User Interface pull-down
menu, select the FEM Supports and Spring Creation Toolbar. The following
(Fig. 1-7) tool bar will display. We will use this toolbar to create the soil
support for our floor slab.
58
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
Click on the “View Model”( ) tool to open the 3D viewer of the model.
59
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
From the pull-down menu bar select FEM and click on Automatic
Mesh Generation to open the dialog box shown in Fig. 2-5, and
accept the default values.
60
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
After the completion of meshing, the program will display the meshed slab
similar to Fig. 2-6. Depending on the details of your structural model, it is
possible that the program will interrupt, display several pink circles on
your model and the message box shown in Fig. 2-7. Click on “Continue.”
We will now clear the screen from the mesh and continue with the
analysis process.
Click on the Select/Set View Items tool ( ). Open the tab Finite
Element and de-select the check box “Shell/Cell Element”. Click
the OK button to validate your selection. This should clear the
display of the mesh from your screen.
Save the data.
61
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
From the FEM pull-down menu, click on the View Analysis Results (
) tool. This will bring up the viewer screen, as shown in Fig. 2-9. Next,
we will view the deflection contour of the Slab.
Figure 2-9 is the display of the viewer screen showing the contour of the
deflected shape of the Slab. To view a 3D-presentation of the structure’s
deflected shape as shown in Fig. 2-10, click on the Warp Display tool.
62
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
(a) US units
(b) SI units
FIGURE 2-9 BUILDER VIEWER SCREEN SHOWING THE
DEFLECTION CONTOUR
63
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
The various options for design, such as building code to be used, preferred
reinforcing bar size, cover to reinforcement and more are all grouped
under the Criteria pull-down menu.
First select the design code; for this tutorial, choose ACI 2008/IBC 2009.
For other criteria assume that the default values of the program are
acceptable.
64
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
You can enter as many types of materials you want by clicking “Add”
button at the left of each material input screen. Select the material type
you want and enter the corresponding properties.
(a) CONCRETE
65
Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
(c) PRESTRESSING
Next step is to enter the remaining loads and the load combinations.
The procedure to apply the load is the same as we described in section 2.1.
From the Loading pull-down menu select Display Loading Toolbars. The
toolbar shown in Fig.5-1 will be placed on your computer screen
66
TUTORIAL Chapter 6
Based on the building code set in the Criteria, the program creates the appropriate
load combinations. We will now add to the load combinations of the program a
“Selfweight” load case. The objective is to learn how new load combinations can
be created, or a pre-defined load combination can be edited.
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Chapter 6 TUTORIAL
From the Loading pull-down menu select Load Combinations. The dialog
window shown in Fig.5-4 opens. It shows the load cases and load combinations of
the building code selected. In this case the combinations refer to ACI 2008 and
IBC 2009 (displayed below the Combination list data window).
Note that if you don’t uncheck the prestressing load case from the load case
library that we described earlier, the load combinations will show “Prestressing”
and “Hyperstatic.” These are the defaults of the program. Since, in this tutorial we
are not using prestressing, the program will automatically delete those from the
combination as soon as you enter the analysis stage. Once deleted, they will not
appear in the combination.
Any loading, or load case for which you wish to have an independent solution to
view or report, must appear on the Combination list shown on top of the dialog
window. Do the following to add the selfweight load case to the list of
combinations.
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From the User Interface pull-down menu select Reinforcement Toolbar. The toolbar
shown in Fig.6-1 will be placed on your computer screen
o Click on the Create Mesh Reinforcement tool ( ). The mouse cursor changes
shape to a simple cross line. With the help of the mouse, click at the locations
of your choice; for this tutorial, click at the four corners of the slab. You can
also click at points outside of the slab too. The program disregards the
reinforcement not below slabs.
o After you click on the fourth vertex of the slab, press “C” to close the mesh
reinforcement.
o Next click on “C” or right-click the mouse to exit the mode of creating the
mesh reinforcement.
o To enter the reinforcement properties, place the mouse on the mesh
reinforcement and double click on it. The property box of the mesh
reinforcement (Fig. 6-2) will open. Select the bar location, CGS and bar
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area/size of your choice. However, for this tutorial, provide as shown in Fig
6.2.
o Click on the check mark at the top left of the dialog box. The changes you
make in the dialog box will be applied only if you click on the check mark
after you make a change. Then click on the top right “x” to close the dialog
box.
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Since in this tutorial we are not using prestressing, we are going to skip this step. ??
Having defined the geometry, design code, loading, load combinations, mesh
reinforcement and accepted the other defaults of the program, such as material
properties and other design criteria we are now ready to analyze the structure.
From the FEM pull-down menu select Analyze Structure ( ) tool. This will perform
the finite element analysis of the structure and report its completion on the computer
screen. Save the data.
You can validate the solution by viewing the analysis results using View Analysis
Results ( ) tool in the FEM pull-down menu. From the FEM pull-down menu, click
on the View Analysis Results tool and view the deflection as described in section
2.2.3. Make sure that the deflection displayed makes sense to you. Also you can view
the soil pressure to see whether that is acceptable to you or not.
Figure 9-1 is the display of the viewer screen showing the contour of the deflected
shape of the Slab. To view a 3D-presentation of the structure’s deflected shape as
shown in Fig. 9-2, click on the Warp Display tool.
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(a) US Units
(b) SI Units
FIGURE 9-1 BUILDER VIEWER SCREEN SHOWING THE
DEFLECTION CONTOUR
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Click on the Load Cases/Combinations tab on the bottom left of the screen.
From the menu that opens, select Service Combination.
Click on the Results tab on the top left region of the screen.
From the list of results available select Soil Pressure.
Select Color Contour tool.
Click on the Display Results tool. This button turns the results on and off.
Figure 9-3 is the display of the viewer screen showing the soil pressure contour of
the slab.
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(a) US units
(b) SI units
FIGURE 9-3 BUILDER VIEWER SCREEN SHOWING THE
SOIL PRESSURE CONTOUR
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The wizard works by searching for supports, namely columns and walls, along
a slab band defined by the user. It connects the supports detected within the
band together to form a support line. The direction and width of the slab band,
within which supports will automatically be sought and connected, are defined
by the user. Here is how it works.
From the Model Strips pull down menu items, click on the Support
Line Wizard ( ) tool. The dialog box shown in Fig. 10-1 opens.
In the Support Line dialog box select:
The last data input cell, Angle for Wall modeling considers whether a
Wall encountered within the band of support lines should be
considered to fall along the support line, or the support line should
cross it. If the angle the wall makes with the direction of the band
exceeds the value entered in the data cell (30 degrees shown in the
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figure), the Support Line will cross it. Otherwise, the support line will
pass along the wall.
After pressing OK, the Support Line Wizard dialog box closes. The
command line (the line at the bottom of your screen) instructs you to select
two points, one after the other, to identify the direction of the Support Line.
Click at two points, one next to each of the supports. An image similar to
Fig. 10-2 appears. Since the scanning area displayed contains the two
supports, which we intend to act as supports, click on Yes in the dialog box.
The dialog box closes and the screen displays the support line selected for
the top two supports as shown in Fig. 10-3. Note that this figure also shows
the support lines for the lower two supports, that we are going to create
next.
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o Repeat the same for the second support line covering the lower two
supports.
This completes the creation of support lines for the X-direction. We will not
pursue the creation of support lines in the Y-direction in this tutorial.
From the Model Strips pull down menu items, click on the Create Support
Line tool.
Use the Snap to Nearest ( ) tool and click near the edge of the slab. The
support line will pick the Slab edge; or for columns and end of walls, we
must use the Snap to Endpoint ( ) tool.
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Snap to the first endpoint of the first wall from the left.
Snap to the second endpoint of the first wall from the left.
Snap to the endpoint of the column from the left.
Select the Snap to nearest tool and deselect all other snapping tools.
Click to the right side of the slab edge.
Press the “C” key to close the support line.
The Support Lines generated in the X-direction should resemble those shown
in Fig. 10-4.
Each Design Strip is broken down into spans and cantilevers, if applicable.
Each span and cantilever is designed at several points along its length. At
each design point along a support line, a design section is automatically
created. A design section is a section (cut) normal to the support line and
extends on each side of the support line to the next tributary or slab edge. The
number of design sections for each span has a default value between 6 and
12, but can be changed by you. In addition to the specified number of design
sections, the program automatically selects a number of design sections at
specific locations. These are at each face of column, at the end of each wall,
and at midspan. For each span or cantilever, the design sections are equally
spaced. Also, to avoid excessive output, the automated generation, checks the
spacing between design sections against a default minimum spacing8.
8
The minimum spacing is set in the initialization file of the program. It is editable by the user.
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Click on the Design the “Design Section(s)” button from the FEM pull-
down menu (Fig. 10-5) to calculate the design values and the associated
reinforcement for each of the design sections shown.
During designing, the program automatically calculates the integral of the actions for
each of the design sections (cuts) and applies the integral to the cross-sectional area of
that section to determine the required reinforcement. During this stage, program does
the code check and calculates the design values and the associated reinforcement for
each of the load combinations and also calculates the envelope of all the load
combinations.
The next step is to view the design results and see whether the design is acceptable or
not.
The design moment (the integral value used for the computation of the reinforcement)
for each of the support lines, as well as other actions, such as shear and axial forces
can be viewed for each support line. Also the deflection, stress, precompression and
balanced loading can be viewed for each support line. They can also be included in
the reports that the program generates. We will now view one display variation of the
design moments of the support lines in X-direction. This display is handled using the
Support Line Result Scale Toolbar (Fig.10-7).
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The reinforcement for each support line is calculated and reported. We will view the
reinforcement and the design values of the upper support line (support line 1).
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Click on the upper design strip. Change in color indicates that the design
strip was selected.
From the combo box at the top of the screen select Strength (Dead and
Live) Combination. Then click on the Moment Diagram button. A
distribution, such as shown in Fig. 12-4, appears. This diagram shows the
distribution of design moment of the support line selected. It is the moment
of the entire tributary shown along the support line.
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reinforcement necessary for the design of the design strip, select the
Envelope from the combo box of the toolbar.
From the combo box, select Envelope. Click on the Rebar Diagram
button. The total area of reinforcement needed at each design section along
the length of the support line will display, as shown in Fig. 12-6. This
reinforcement is the envelope of all load cases specified by the user. In our
case, it will be from the two strength load cases since there are no
minimum reinforcement requirements of the code for MAT structure.
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After reviewing the result, if the design is acceptable to you, you can move forward to
generate the structural documents such as Rebar drawing, PT drawing and calculation
report. If not acceptable, modify structures or other parameters and design again.
From the FEM pull-down menu, click on Generate Rebar Drawing. The
program generates a reinforcement drawing similar to Fig. 13-1. Obviously,
when using the SI system of units, the reinforcement will be expressed in the
common practice of metric systems.
From the User Interface pull-down menu bring the Reinforcement Toolbar
on the screen (Fig.13-2).
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If the size of the text of rebar on the screen is not right, go to the Select/Set
View Items ( ) and change the size of the Rebar font.
Double click on one of the bars to open its property box. This allows you to
modify the display, as well as other properties of the reinforcement. The
extent of editing available to you depends on the configurations of your
program.
Turn the rebar display off by clicking on Display/Hide Rebar ( )
You can export this rebar drawing to dwg/dxf format using Export option
under File menu.
The program generates detailed professional quality reports of the design you
performed. You have full control of the items and the size of the report, as well as its
layout. For illustration purposes, we will generate a single sheet of tabular report. The
tabular reports generated by the program are in rtf file format. They can be opened in
your in-house word processing, viewed, edited and printed.
For tabular reports, we select the design section forces. Do the following:
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This brings us to the end of the analysis and design tutorial using the ADAPT-Builder
MAT capabilities of the ADAPT software suite.
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Chapter 7
ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND
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ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND Chapter 7
This section provides information on several aspects of the analysis and design features
of ADAPT-MAT.
7 OVERVIEW
7.2 ANALYSIS
Beams and columns are modeled as beam (stick) elements with six degrees of
freedom at each node.
The advanced and unique features of ADAPT-MAT have become possible due to
a finite element formulation specifically developed for analysis of complex
concrete structures, including post-tensioning [Aalami, 2003?]
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Chapter 7 ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND
7.3 DESIGN
The design involves (i) the calculation of “design values” (demand), (ii) the
comparison with allowable limits of the building code you select, and (iii)
provision of reinforcement, where applicable.
The design values are determined in a manner similar to elevated slabs. The
procedure is explained in detail in reference [PTI ??, ]. The important point to
note is that for each design section the builder platform determines the design
values from the equilibrium of the finite element nodes, as opposed to the
common practice of using the integration of stresses along a cut at the section. As
a result, accurate design values are obtained for relatively coarse finite element
mesh [ADAPT-TN ???].
Reports
The report generation and features are identical to floor-pro and are
reported in FLOOR-Pro user manual [ADAPT, ??? ]
Soil Pressure
In addition to the values reported in floor pro, the program reports the
distribution of soil pressure below a slab as indicated in Fig.???. The
following in the interpretation and evaluation of soil pressure is
noteworthy.
The raw data obtained from a finite element analysis, as shown in fig
above, is the distribution of stress at “points” below the foundation slab.
From a practical point of view, however a high or low value of soil
pressure at a “point” does not reflect the likely response of the soil that is
of interest to design engineer. For an engineering evaluation, when
dealing with a reinforced concrete slab resting freely on soil, one considers
the average pressure over a minimum area of design significance. For
concrete slabs resting on common soil9 a minimum diameter four to five
times the slab thickness should be considered. In other words, at the
location of design check, the distribution of soil stress reported below the
slab, should be integrated over a “design” significant area to determine the
total force. The total force over the “design” patch when divided over the
area of the patch will yield the design stress to be compared with the
allowable soil pressure for the soil.
9
Bulk modulus 100 to 200 pci
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ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND Chapter 7
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Chapter 8
EXAMPLES
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EXAMPLES Chapter 8
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Chapter 9
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SAMPLE CALCULATION REPORT Chapter 9
9 OVERVIEW
101
APPENDIX
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APPENDIX
NOTATION
REFERENCES
105