Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
At the beginning of the 20th century, sci- of mystery about them. Hardy (who was periods of somewhat fragile self-esteem.
ence was still an esoteric pursuit of re- responsible for Ramanujan becoming It happened when the depression caused
clusive intellectuals. The quiet revolution known internationally), would have none by his illness was compounded by family
in the academic worlds of Göttingen, problems and Trinity’s racist rejection of
Copenhagen, Cambridge and Paris of the his nomination to its Fellowship (Trinity
early decades exploded into global did appoint him a Fellow later). Ramanu-
awareness of science with Hiroshima. jan threw himself before a train, but
With the Sputnik, science soared even luckily a guard brought the train to a halt
higher in public esteem and many a sci- in time. To prevent his arrest for attem-
entist, became a public figure, a celeb- pted suicide, Hardy attempted some
rity, an icon for the youth. Physicists white lies: he told the Police that Rama-
dominated this celebrity parade, but there nujan was a Fellow of the Royal Society
were chemists and biologists in fair (at that point of time Ramanujan was
number. In this context of hype about only a candidate; he was elected a month
science and adulation for the scientist, I later) and that Fellows of the Royal So-
think the mathematician is described best ciety could not be arrested (which was,
by a Tamil proverb: he is the hapless fel- of course, nonsense)! The Police were
low who brought home a copper vessel not taken in, but nevertheless did not
after taking part in a raid on Kubera’s press the charge.
Alakapuri! Many great names in mathe-
matics are entirely unfamiliar to people
outside the scientific community. This
article is about some mathematicians
who have contributed significantly to
mathematics in the 20th century and, of that, but Littlewood, Hardy’s close
more importantly, have had considerable friend and collaborator certainly thought
influence on mathematics in India. Some so. Mark Kac, another famous name, de-
of them are probably not very well scribes him as a ‘magician rather than a
known even within the scientific com- genius’. Bruce Berndt, a mathematician
munity. who has now spent two decades unravel-
A word about the choice of personali- ling Ramanujan’s notebooks, says – and
ties that I have made: they are all men I quote – ‘I still don’t understand it all. I
who figured a good deal in the mathe- may be able to prove it, but I do not
matical lore that I was brought up on at know where it comes from and where it
the Tata Institute of Fundamental Re- fits into mathematics’. Some of Ramanu-
search; and that lore has its bias. jan’s Indian contemporaries were sure
I begin – inevitably – with Srinivasa that he was deeply religious and were
Ramanujan, the best known Indian ready to believe even in divine interven- Ramanujan’s insights continue to in-
mathematician, who is reckoned among tion. fluence mathematical developments to
the greatest mathematical intellects of We may not have a clear idea about this day. His collected works have been a
the twentieth century. The romantic story the nature of Ramanujan’s thought proc- source of inspiration to many outstanding
of the passage of the poor clerk in the esses. There is however one trait of his mathematicians of the 20th century.
Madras Port Trust to the portals of the which emerges clearly from contempo-
ivory towers of Cambridge and the sub- rary writings about him: he was entirely
sequent tragedy of genius cut-off in its artless and was modest to a fault: his ∞ ∞
n 24
prime by illness is well-known, and so I q ∏ (1 − q ) = ∑ τ ( n) q n
near total lack of feelings of self- n =1 n =1
will not dwell on it. importance is indeed striking. He does The Ramanujan τ function is a func-
To many mathematicians, Ramanu- not seem to have had a true measure of tion on positive integers defined by
jan’s thought processes have an element his own extraordinary talents, despite the above identity obtained by formal
Hardy playing ‘Jambavan to his Hanu- expansion of the left hand side.
*Based on a public lecture delivered at the man’.
Annual Meeting of the Indian Academy of There is in fact the episode of his at- The τ function
Sciences, held at Chandigarh in 2002. tempted suicide in England that suggests
n = n1 + n2 + … + nr,
Edited and published by P. Balaram and S. Ramaseshan, Current Science Association, Bangalore 560 080.
Typeset by WINTECS Typesetters (Ph: 3327311), Bangalore 560 021 and Printed at Printek Printers, Bangalore (Ph: 3287763)