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Planning Rule
Release BR9.0
FRS 89997
Version number 1.0
17-03-2006
Offer Level
IUS 1.0
Issued by
Comunications
Com MN PG NM NE 1
St.-Martinstrasse 76
D-81541 Munich
© SIEMENS AG 2006
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without express
written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rights created by patent
grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved. Technical modifications possible.
Technical specifications and features are binding only in so far as they are specifically and expressly
agreed upon in a written contract.
Contents
1 GENERAL INFORMATION...............................................................................................4
1.1 AUTHORS.............................................................................................................................4
1.2 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................4
1.3 HISTORY..............................................................................................................................4
1.4 REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................4
1.5 ABBREVIATIONS, DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS....................................................................5
2 GENERAL FEATURE RELATED PART..........................................................................8
2.1 FUNCTIONAL FEATURE DESCRIPTION........................................................................................8
2.1.1 BR 8.0 implementation...............................................................................................8
2.1.2 BR 9.0 implementation...............................................................................................9
2.1.2.1 Basic idea of BR9.0 QoS improvements..........................................................10
2.2 PARAMETERS......................................................................................................................15
2.3 MOTIVATION TO INTRODUCE THE FEATURE..............................................................................15
2.4 INTERDEPENDENCIES WITH OTHER FEATURES............................................................................16
2.5 INTERDEPENDENCIES WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGIES......................................................................16
2.6 FURTHER ISSUES..................................................................................................................16
2.6.1 Discussion of OEM Products...................................................................................17
2.6.2 Norms.......................................................................................................................17
2.7 OPEN ISSUES.......................................................................................................................17
3 DIMENSIONING ASPECTS (ACQUISITION LEVEL)................................................18
3.1 AFFECTED SERVICES AND QUALITY OF SERVICE DEFINITIONS, USED TRAFFIC MODELS..................20
3.2 RELEVANT BSS SPECIFICATION AND CONFIGURATION LIMITS....................................................20
3.3 IMPACT ON EXISTING DIMENSIONING METHODS.......................................................................20
3.4 SUMMARY OF DIMENSIONING RULES......................................................................................20
3.5 RULES FOR PHASE-ORIENTED OFFERS....................................................................................20
3.6 IMPACT ON EXISTING PLANNING MANUALS (PMNS)................................................................21
3.7 IMPACT ON EXISTING OFFER TOOLS, POSSIBLE WORKAROUNDS...................................................21
3.7.1 GERAN Offer tool....................................................................................................21
3.7.2 QandD Offer Tool....................................................................................................21
3.8 OPEN ISSUES.......................................................................................................................21
4 IMPLEMENTATION ASPECTS (REALISATION LEVEL)........................................22
4.1 ORDERING..........................................................................................................................22
4.1.1 Affected Services and Quality of Service Definitions, used Traffic Models............22
4.1.2 Relevant BSS Specification and Configuration Limits............................................22
4.1.3 Impact on Existing Planning Methods.....................................................................22
4.1.4 Summary of Planning Rules.....................................................................................22
1 General Information
1.1 Authors
• S. Nowak
• L. Koszulanski: Support of MS Multislot Classes 30-33
1.2 Introduction
This is a Siemens internal document and thus not intended to be handed out to
customers.
The main goal of the document is to illustrate the features, the parameterization and
to give criteria for the deciding of the parameter values. Additional goal is to define
the impact of the features on planning, dimensioning and performance of a mobile
radio network.
The reader is assumed to be familiar with the GPRS (General Packet Radio
System)/EGPRS (EDGE GPRS) service model and the QoS (Quality of Service)
model for GPRS.
Persons involved in the document’s generation:
Szymon Nowak
Szymon.Nowak@siemens.com
Lukasz Koszulanski
Lukasz.Koszulanski@siemens.com
1.3 History
0.2 AFI 24/10/05 All AFI version reviewed internally within NE. Minor
changes introduced.
Document accepted by TS without any
1.0 IUS 17/03/06 All
comments.
1.4 References
RT Real Time
RX Receiver
SI System Information
TSLs Timeslot
TX Transmitter
UL Uplink
RT TBF multiplexing
The BR 8.0 “QoS support for PS services” has provided an innovation in TBF
scheduling to properly support quality of service mechanism of Rel 97/98 onwards.
The focus was placed on means to ensure that certain quality of service will be
fulfilled especially in case of demanding RT application. Thus the TBF scheduling
algorithm has been redesigned and a new scheduling entity: PFC scheduler has
been introduced to better handle different applications’ requirements. Thanks to
scheduler enhancements and the admission control mechanism, the RT services e.g.
streaming can be dealt with in the most favourable way. The scheduler’s main task is
to assure that a number of physical resources assigned to RT services are always
sufficient to have the QoS requirements fulfilled. This is achieved, among others, by
proper TBF/PFC multiplexing and based on the assumption that in case of RT
services no multiplexing over the same PDCH of TBFs pertaining to different MS, is
allowed. As a consequence the RT services always take priority over less demanding
NRT services and the QoS of specific RT TBF will never be degraded by other MSs.
Even though this approach seems to be attractive since it guarantees certain amount
of resources “virtually dedicated” to RT services, it leads to inefficient utilization of
radio resources. Consequently, the number of RT TBF admitted in the system is also
limited. Furthermore, it does not assure the availability of resources for the entire
user session duration.
EDA TBF multiplexing
As regards packet switched domain, there are three different methods for UL PDCHs
multiplexing among different users: fixed, dynamic and extended dynamic allocation
of which only two latter means are of interest in the document.
In case of dynamic allocation (BR7.0) an MS, for which an UL TBF is allocated, is
forced to decode each DL block assigned to the PDCH to obtain USF and TFI and
finally decide whether it is allowed to transmit in UL direction in the next (or next four)
radio blocks. Extended Dynamic Allocation (BR8.0) has eliminated the need of
receiving USF on each timeslot. When working in EDA mode, MS monitors all
assigned PDCHs starting from the lower numbered PDCH. As soon as the MS
decodes own USF on a particular PDCH it is allowed to transmit on the PDCH and all
higher numbered PDCHs the MS have assigned. This has been achieved with the
following constraints:
- EDA TBFs can be allocated in the horizontal mode
- EDA TBFs multiplexing is not allowed
- EDA is not supported in the far area of extended cells
In the light of this, the number of users that could exploit UL resources is severely
reduced.
Together with EDA the new MS multi-slot classes 11 and 12 were introduced,
supporting up to 4 TSLs in one direction and max. 5 TSLs in total (UL and DL). For
further details please refer to [PLR 88930-87477].
- RT TBFs can be admitted only in “virtually dedicated” mode which means the TBFs
carrying streaming PFCs can not be multiplexed over the same radio resources
- EDA TBF can be admitted only in horizontal status; EDA TBF multiplexing is not
allowed
The main drawbacks coming from such limitations have been pointed out in 2.1.1.
The following paragraph provides a basic concept of BR 9.0 improvement. The focus
will be placed on RRM and scheduler aspects relevant for QoS improvements as in
FRS 89997. Some more detailed aspects of RRM like Channel Allocation Algorithm,
multiplexing rules etc. are out of scope of this document and will not be treated
further.
TBF scheduler
The TBF scheduler’s task is not only to assure that RT services are properly served.
It is also in charge of providing means to share bandwidth between RT traffic class
and NRT traffic class in such a way that both types of services are served with the
best possible QoS (in terms of throughput and delay).
In order to achieve it the TBF scheduler has been split to two entities as depicted
(Table 2):
- RT TBF scheduler
- NRT TBF scheduler
The structure of TBF scheduler, when compared to BR 8.0, has been kept. The only
changes concern NRT services. NRT TBF scheduler provides some new features to
support NRT services and their coexistence with RT ones. Both NRT and RT
schedulers work on the same radio resources, on TRXs/TSs basis.
The new concept has been developed to ensure that both RT and NRT service are
treated according to their QoS requirements. The (E)GPRS bandwidth, normally
measured in kb/s, has been split into Radio Blocks per second available per TRX.
The measure of bandwidth is then independent from (M)CS. The intention behind is
to give an operator a possibility to easily convert radio block per second into kbit/s
based on the initial (M)CS.
Example
Assume there is one TRX dedicated to (E)GPRS services with 6 TSs reserved for PS
domain (Table 3)
The RRBRT defines a portion of resources that can be used by RT traffic only.
Consequently, the rest of RBs can be utilized by NRT traffic.
Similar to BR8.0, PFC scheduler will be involved in the scheduling phase in case a
TBF carries more than 1 PFC (applicable for MS Rel 99 onwards). The structure and
functionality of PFC scheduler remain as same as in BR 8.0. For further details
regarding PFC scheduler please refer to PLR 00486.
As can be noticed, the new method for sharing the resources between RT and NRT
TBFs does not foresee an exclusive assignment of radio resources to a specific RT
TBF. Thus, the radio resources can be shared among more than 1 RT TBF.
Consequently, the limitation of BR8.0 has been overcome.
As far as NRT services are concerned, the multiplexing rules are based on the “old”
BR8.0 approach. The allocation/scheduling weights are used to achieve adequate
NRT TBFs handling.
In order to maintain a backward compatibility with BR8.0 the RT TBF multiplexing
between TBFs belonging to different MSs may be blocked. This can be achieved by
means of RT_MUXING_BACKWARD_COMP parameter. As long as
RT_MUXING_BACKWARD_COMP=1 the RT TBF multiplexing is not allowed
between TBFs of different MSs. In such a case the RT TBF multiplexing is only
allowed for RT TBFs belonging to a particular MS.
Further RT TBF multiplexing constraints may come from transfer delay requirements.
The suggestion is that in case of stringent demands in terms of transfer delay (PFC
transfer delay smaller than 1 second) the RT TBF multiplexing (among different MSs)
will not be allowed. The transfer delay constraints are determined by the system.
Admission Control
The basic idea of AC both in BR8.0 and BR9.0 is to provide the following
functionality:
- verify if the required QoS profile is feasible according to the network resources
- verify if the requested QoS profile is plausible according to MS capability
If both conditions are satisfied the incoming RT PFC will be admitted. Otherwise it will
be rejected and PFM procedure may be started to renegotiate QoS parameters.
In practice, the admission control mechanism affects RT services only.
When compared to BR8.0, the BR9.0 AC functionality is kept the same. However, the
introduction of new method for bandwidth sharing has entailed some changes in the
admission control phase. In BR8.0 the admission control is restricted only to pre-
allocation phase. As a result, the radio resources are reserved for a short period of
time when PFC is being admitted and there is a need to establish RT TBF. In
addition, RT PFC can be admitted in the BR 8.0 only in “horizontal status”.
The BR9.0 AC overcomes all abovementioned limitations. The algorithm tries now to
keep the radio resources reserved as long as RT PFC context exists in BSC. There
is also no restriction concerning the “horizontal status” of the system. RT TBF will be
admitted unless there are no resources to assure GBR. In such a way the RT TBFs
can be multiplexed on the same radio resources as long as QoS criteria are fulfilled.
- - - - - - 1 1
Table 5 Channel allocation for MS Multislot Class 30 - 33
2.2 Parameters
Not considered yet
4 1 236,8 59,2
3 3 177,6 177,6
3 2 177,6 118,4
3 1 177,6 59,2
2 4 118,4 236,8
2 3 118,4 177,6
2 2 118,4 118,4
2 1 118,4 59,2
1 4 59,2 236,8
1 3 59,2 177,6
1 2 59,2 118,4
1 1 59,2 59,2
Table 3 Theoretical and Expected Throughput per MS Configuration
Note: the above cited throughputs refer to theoretical throughput; add all overhead
protocols until RLC/MAC Layer to calculate the throughput offered to RLC/MAC
Layer.
2.6.2 Norms
Not applicable
MS RX capability
PS traffic/cell 4 TS/5TS 100%-0% 4 TS/5TS 50%-50% 4 TS/5TS 0%-100%
23.974 5.062 5.032 5.012
35.955 4.601 4.561 4.499
47.932 4.236 4.199 4.176
MS RX capability
PS traffic/cell 4 TS/5TS 100%-0% 4 TS/5TS 50%-50% 4 TS/5TS 0%-100%
23.974 7.8 7.8 7.8
35.955 6.6 6.6 6.6
47.949 5.4 5.4 5.4
As shown in the figure below there is no significant difference in terms of mean delay
in case different MS RX capability is regarded (with only 1 TS difference). As far as
95%-ile delay is concerned no contrast at all can be observed.
6
23.974
5 35.955 (kbps)
Mean delay [s]
47.932 (kbps)
4
0
4 TS/5TS 100%-0% 4 TS/5TS 50%-50% 4 TS/5TS 0%-100%
MS RX capability
9
8
7
Mean delay [s]
6 23.974 (kbps)
5
35.955 (kbps)
4
3 47.932 (kbps)
2
1
0
4 TS/5TS 100%- 4 TS/5TS 50%- 4 TS/5TS 0%-
0% 50% 100%
MS RX capability
3.1 Affected Services and Quality of Service Definitions, used Traffic Models
Not applicable
4.1 Ordering
4.1.1 Affected Services and Quality of Service Definitions, used Traffic Models
Not applicable.
4.2 Implementation