p10 Putze Engl 23022009 Screen

07/2007
Knauf Plasters
Technical Manual
Knauf Plastering Systems
P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 1 23.02.2009 17:21:28 Uhr

Knauf Technical Know-How
The reference book
Gypsum plaster is the ideal internal plastering medium for virtually any background,
and has proven its worth for decades now. The handling is simple.
However, sometimes you do need to refer to a reference book just to jog your
memory or perhaps expand on your knowledge. This brochure is such a reference
book. We aim to use our technical and practical know-how to support you in the
processing and performance of all plastering work.
We have very carefully compiled the information in accordance with today´s state-
of-the-art technology. However, this does not exempt the specialist from his duty to
be careful.
If you are missing information or have any suggestions, please inform us of these by
fax or email.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Contents
Knauf internal plasters -

timeless surface design
for any interior
Contents
Gypsum – a reliable, versatile building material 4 Machines and logistics
Containers and logistics 30
Product overview Setting up construction site silos, guidelines 31
Machine-applied plasters 6 Knauf silo disposition sites 32
Hand plastering/plaster of Paris 7 Machines and tools 33
Finishing plasters 8
Products for special application areas 9 Heating and cooling systems
Background/surface pre-treatment 10 with Knauf machine-applied plasters 38
Renovation 46
Plaster background
Technical requirements 11
Surface design 48
Checking the concrete backgrounds 12
Plastering different backgrounds 14
Surface quality 52
Background pre-treatment 16
Pre-treating plaster backgrounds 18
Special instructions
Proper processing 55
Processing
Details for finishing plasters 58
Machine-applied gypsum plaster 20 Fire protection with gypsum 60
Hand gypsum plaster 21
Finishing plasters 22 Technical data and building physics
Skim coat 23 characteristics 62
LEGITO clay-based gypsum plaster 24
Readygips 26 Standards 66
PutzPin + MP 75 L plaster base systems 28
Moulding plaster 29 Technical manuals 67
2_ 3
03

Gypsum – a Natural Treasure
A reliable, versatile building material
The first gypsum deposits originated 100 to 200 million years ago by the evaporation
of seawater in the flat basins of our earth´s crust. In chemical terms, gypsum is calcium
sulphate, which crystallises when it comes into contact with water.
Gypsum was a favoured building material even 7000 years before Christ. Gypsum
played a key role as a building material in the construction of the towers of Jericho.
Gypsum has continued to maintain its significance in construction right up to today.
Nowadays, gypsum is further processed to become high-quality internal plaster. How-
ever, gypsum is also used on a daily basis in the ceramics industry and in medicine.
Latest developments in the cultivation of plant cultures take gypsum as a basis.
Environmental responsibility – Knauf treads several routes

For a start, in handling disused natural gypsum mining areas. In close coop-
eration with the nature conservation organisation, these areas are carefully
renaturalised to become valuable biotopes for rare plants and animal species
as ecological habitats.
So as to preserve natural gypsum resources, today Knauf uses FGD gypsum
alongside natural gypsum. FGD gypsum is, to a certain extent, derived from
the high-speed process used in the flue-gas desulphurisation of coal-fired pow-
er stations. Where the Earth required millions of years to “produce” gypsum,
the process for the production of FGD gypsum takes just a few hours. The
chemical formula for FGD gypsum is the same as that of natural gypsum,
namely CaSO4 x 2H2O.
Therefore, the same as natural gypsum, FGD gypsum is also a valuable (in
terms of health and organic architecture), completely safe building material of
the utmost purity and quality.
Low energy requirements for production – this is where Knauf also illustrates
its responsibility towards our environment.

Building
Kapitelbezeichnung
material gypsum
Gypsum offers outstanding properties of building biology for a comfortable

living climate - as it can quickly absorb a lot of moisture from the atmosphere
and then emit it again. Furthermore, it has a very low water vapour diffusion
resistance.
Hence, ideal properties for a balanced room climate. In the event of a fire load,
the crystalline-bound water is released as extinguishing water.
Gypsum plasters are designed for universal use. From the cellar to the roof, in
the kitchen or the bathroom. The specialist knows exactly why he chooses gyp-
sum plasters!
They offer a whole host of surface design opportunities: from aesthetically-pleas-

ing, smooth surfaces right up to the most impressive felted plaster structures.
Even if the area is to be painted, wallpapered or tiled at a later point, this mod-
ern building material presents the ideal background for any situation.
Recommended in terms of building biology

Knauf gypsum plasters are recommended in terms of organic architecture. The
Institut für Baubiologie in Rosenheim (Institute for Building Biology) tested the
health and ecological aspects of Knauf gypsum plasters and confirmed that
Knauf plasters can be recommended without restriction.
Certified quality according to EN ISO 9001

2
Knauf supplies products that are subject to ongoing quality monitoring.
2 molecules of water are stored in the
All operational functions, like research and development, sales and production,
crystal structure of gypsum.
In the event of a fire load, these are are tested and certified by the LGA InterCert in accordance with DIN EN ISO
released as extinguishing water. As a 9001.
result, the water vapour that is released
forms a fire-retardant vapour mist Silo and
Classifying unit mixing unit for
machine-applied
Feed silo and hand plasters
Stone block bed Burner hood Firing
Crusher
Waste gas channel Circulating gas channel Conveyor
Wall surfaces created with gypsum The burning of gypsum is a physical process and is carried out at comparably low temperatures,
plaster feel warm; as gypsum plaster already at c. 200 °C. At the end of the combustion chamber the fuel gases are returned to the
reduces heat loss on account of its burning process – this means the production of gypsum plaster requires little energy.
reduced thermal conductivity
4_ 5
05

The MP75 Family
MP 75 L Processing Material characteristics Consumption

o ne
The light Gypsum plaster for walls and ceilings, Machine-applied plaster Mortar group P IV 0.8 kg per mm and m 2
for rooms with standard air humidity average plaster thickness 10 mm in accordance with with 10 mm plaster thickness
including residential kitchens and bath- DIN V 18550 c. 8 kg/m2
rooms, easy to process, particularly Processing time:
high-yielding and economical c. 180 minutes Material no.
Sack 30 kg 5131
Single-layer on all types of masonry, Surface: Loose/silo 5132
especially mixed masonry and porous smooth, textured
stones as well as rough ceiling surfac- Can be stored for around 3 months
es including cast-in-situ concrete
g
g or feltin
MP 75 G/F-TOP Processing Material characteristics Consumption
Smoothin Gypsum lime plaster for walls and Machine-applied plaster Mortar group P IV 0.95 kg per mm and m 2
ceilings, for rooms with standard air average plaster thickness 10 mm in accordance with with 10 mm plaster thickness
humidity including residential DIN V 18550 c. 9.5 kg/m2
kitchens and bathrooms Processing time:
c. 180 minutes Material no.
Single-layer on all types of masonry Sack 30 kg 5135
as well as rough ceiling surfaces in- Surface: Loose/silo 5136
cluding cast-in-situ concrete smooth, felted, textured
Can be stored for around 3 months
MP 75 Processing Material characteristics Consumption

ic
The class Gypsum plaster for walls and Machine-applied plaster Mortar group P IV 1.0 kg per mm and m 2
ceilings, for rooms with standard average plaster thickness 10 mm in accordance with with 10 mm plaster thickness
air humidity including residential DIN V 18550 c. 10 kg/m2
kitchens and bathrooms Processing time:
Single-layer on all masonry types Sack 30 kg 5133
Surface: Loose/silo 5134
as well as rough ceiling surfaces in- smooth, textured
cluding cast-in-situ concrete
la ster light MP 75 L-F Processing Material characteristics Consumption

Felting p Gypsum lime plaster for walls and Machine-applied plaster Mortar group P IV 1.0 kg per mm and m 2
humidity including residential kitchens DIN V 18550 c. 10 kg/m2
and bathrooms, easy to process, par- Processing time:
ticularly high-yielding c. 180 minutes Material no.
Sack 30 kg 7439
Single-layer on all types of masonry Surface: Loose/silo 5137
as well as rough ceiling surfaces felted, textured
including cast-in-situ concrete Can be stored for around 3 months
Regional delivery only
laster MP 75 F Processing Material characteristics Consumption

Felting p Gypsum lime plaster for walls and Machine-applied plaster Mortar group P IV 1.2 kg per mm and m2
humidity including residential kitchens DIN V 18550 c. 12 kg/m2
and bathrooms Processing time:
Single-layer on all types of masonry Sack 30 kg 5138
as well as rough ceiling surfaces in- Surface: Loose/silo 5139
cluding cast-in-situ concrete felted, textured

Kapitelbezeichnung
Product overview
The Rotband Family
er
und plast
The all-ro
Rotband bonding mortar Processing Material characteristics Consumption
Gypsum plaster with adhesive Hand plaster* Mortar group P IV 0.8 kg per mm and m2
additives for a better adhesion on average plaster thickness in accordance with with 10 mm plaster thickness
concrete, for all plaster bases, concrete 10 mm DIN V 18550 c. 8 kg/m2
including residential kitchens and
bathrooms Processing time: Material no.
c. 100 minutes Sack 30 kg 2862
Single-layer on rough cast-in-situ Surface: Can be stored for around 3 months
concrete areas/masonry, for walls smooth, textured
and ceilings
Rotband pro bonding mortar Processing Material characteristics Consumption

tion pro fessional
Gypsum plaster with adhesive addi- Hand plaster Mortar group P IV 0.8 kg per mm and m2 Th e renova
tives for hand and machine processing average plaster thickness in accordance with with 10 mm plaster thickness
for all plaster bases, including residen- concrete 10 mm DIN V 18550 c. 8 kg/m2
tial kitchens and bathrooms, particu-
larly suitable for renovation work and Processing time: Material no.
on concrete areas. c. 100 minutes Sack 30 kg 75280
Surface: Can be stored for around 3 months

Single-layer on rough cast-in-situ smooth, textured
concrete areas/masonry, for walls and
ceilings
Bonding mortar HP 100 Processing Material characteristics Consumption

one
Gypsum plaster for all plaster bases
in the internal area, including residen-
Hand plaster*
average plaster thickness
Mortar group P IV
in accordance with
0.8 kg per mm and m2
with 10 mm plaster thickness
The quick
tial kitchens and bathrooms. 10 mm DIN V 18550 c. 8 kg/m2
Single-layer, for walls and ceilings Processing time: Material no.


smooth, textured
Bonding mortar HP Filz Processing Material characteristics Consumption

one
Gypsum lime plaster for walls and Hand plaster* Mortar group P IV 1.1 kg per mm and m2 The rustic
ceilings, for rooms with standard air average plaster thickness in accordance with with 10 mm plaster thickness
humidity including residential kitchens 10 mm DIN V 18550 c. 11 kg/m2
and bathrooms
Processing time: Material no.
Single-layer on all types of masonry c. 100 minutes Sack 30 kg 55139
as well as rough ceiling surfaces
including cast-in-situ concrete Surface: Can be stored for around 3 months
felted, textured
Goldband Processing Material characteristics Consumption

plaster
Gypsum plaster for walls and rooms Hand plaster* Mortar group P IV 0.85 kg per mm and m2 The wall
with standard air humidity, including average plaster thickness in accordance with 10 mm plaster thickness
residential kitchens and bathrooms 10 mm with DIN V 18550 c. 8.5 kg/m2
Single-layer on all types of masonry Processing time: Material no.


smooth, textured
* Mechanical processing only after consultation
6_ 7
07

Knauf Finishing Plaster and Skim Coat/Design
Multi-Finish Application area Processing Consumption

Synthetic-modified, gypsum-based In the internal area, for the filling Mechanical/manual 1.0 kg per mm and m 2
filling compound of uneven and rough surfaces,
sealing of concrete and prefabricated Processing time: Material no.
Surface: part joints, holes and slots c. 60 minutes Sack 25 kg 2868
smooth
Plaster thickness 2 mm to 5 mm, Can be stored for around 6 months
greater thickness also possible,
can be stretched out to zero
Multi-Finish M Application area Processing Consumption
Synthetic-modified, gypsum-based In the internal area, for the filling Mechanical/manual 1.0 kg per mm and m 2
filling compound of uneven and rough surfaces,
sealing of concrete and prefabricated Processing time: Material no.
Surface: part joints, holes and slots c. 60 minutes Sack 25 kg 96623
smooth
Plaster thickness 2 mm to 5 mm, Can be stored for around 6 months
greater thickness also possible,
can be stretched out to zero
Universal-Finish Application area Processing Consumption

Finishing gypsum-based plaster, In the internal area, on concrete, bond- Mechanical/manual 1.0 kg per mm and m 2
for felting and smoothing ed masonry like porous concrete and with 4 mm thickness c. 4 kg/m2
lime sandstone, for the reworking of Processing time:
Surface: old plastered areas in the renovation c. 180 minutes Material no.
felted, smooth, textured Sack 30 kg 7910
Plaster thickness 2 mm to 5 mm, Loose/silo 7911
greater thickness also possible
Board-Finish Application area Processing Consumption

Finishing gypsum-based plaster In the internal area, to achieve Manual 1.0 kg per mm and m 2
very smooth, high-quality with 2 mm thickness c. 2 kg/m2
Surface: surfaces on any background Processing time:
Very smooth c. 120 minutes Material no.
Plaster thickness 2 mm to 3 mm Sack 25 kg 3121
Final Coat Plaster Application area Processing Consumption

Gypsum-based filling compound In the internal area to smooth Manual Depending on the background
off basic plaster ca. 0.5–1 kg/m2
Processing time:
Sack 20 kg 2859

Kapitelbezeichnung
Product overview
Products for Special Application Areas
LEGITO Application area Processing Consumption

Clay-gypsum plaster, a unique, In the internal area Mechanical/manual 1.0 kg per mm and m2
single-layer clay- and gypsum-based “from the cellar with 10 mm thickness
internal wall and ceiling plaster to the roof” Processing time: c. 10 kg/m 2
for utmost ecological and health- c. 180 minutes
conscious requirements Material no.
Sack 30 kg 69305
Loose/silo 41155
Can be stored for

around 6 months
MP 75 GP Material characteristics Processing Consumption
Gypsum lime plaster as a basic Mortar group P IV Mechanically 1.2 kg per mm and m2
plaster for walls and ceilings in accordance with Average plaster thickness with 10 mm plaster
DIN V 18550 10 mm thickness c. 12 kg/m2
Processing time: Material no.

Loose/silo 5460
Surface:
spread out to rework Can be stored for
with final coat plaster. around 3 months
Rocaso Moulding Plaster Application area Processing Consumption

High-quality gypsum binder Casting work in the plasterer Manual Dependent on the
made up of selected stone blocks trade; application area
artistic and historic preservation Hardening starts:
work, also in the hobby area; 11 ± 3 minutes Material no.
model making and mould Sack 40 kg 5347
construction in the sanitary and
porcelain production, in the Can be stored for
ceramic and fine ceramics around 3 months
industry
Plaster of Paris/gypsum plaster Processing Material characteristics Consumption

Building plaster quick-drying Manual Dependent on the
application area
In the internal area, for repair work Processing time:
installation work, for setting c. 8 minutes Material no.
corner beads, plaster profiles, Plaster of Paris
power sockets Sack 30 kg 2850
Gypsum plaster
Sack 30 kg 5464
Can be stored for
around 3 months
8_ 9
09

Background/Surface Treatment
Betokontakt Application area Processing Consumption

Synthetic dispersion mixed with In the internal area, on impervious, With lambskin roller C. 250 – 350 g/m 2
pure quartz sand with greater non-absorptive bases as a bonding or mechanically
alkali resistance mortar in accordance Material no.
with DIN V 18550 Frost-free and protect from Bucket 20 kg 5454
direct sunlight or thermal
Colour: pink
effects
Background Application area Processing Consumption
Synthetic dispersion, filled with Background pre-treatment With lambskin roller C. 200 – 300 g/m 2
quartz sand, white pigment, prior to plastering gypsum boards or mechanically
resistant to alkalis Material no.
Frost-free and protect from Bucket 20 kg 5206
direct sunlight or thermal
Colour: white
effects
Suction block Application area Processing Consumption

Synthetic dispersion with greater In the internal area, on considerably With lambskin roller, brush C. 100 g concentrate/m 2
alkali-resistance, concentrated absorptive bases, reduces the or mechanically
solution must be diluted with water absorptive capacity and the risk Material no.
(1:1 to 1:3 quantities by volume, of suction Frost-free and protect from Bucket 15 kg 5463
background-dependent) direct sunlight or thermal Colour: yellow
effects
Primer Application area Processing Consumption

Synthetic dispersion with greater In the internal area, on considerably With lambskin roller, brush C. 100 g concentrate/m 2
alkali-resistance, concentrate must absorptive bases, reduces the or mechanically
be diluted with water (1:2 to 1:5 absorptive capacity and the risk Material no.
quantities by volume, background- of suction Frost-free and protect from Bucket 15 kg 5587
dependent) direct sunlight or thermal
Colour: yellow
effects
Sealant Application area Processing Consumption

Synthetic dispersion, solvent-free, To seal in splash zones With a brush or synthetic roller Dependent on the roughness of the
several applications required prior to tiling background c. 1–1.5 kg/m2
Frost-free and protect from
direct sunlight or thermal Material no.
effects Bucket 5 kg 7366
Colour: blue

Plaster background
Technical Requirements
The components must be protected

from rising and external damp in
Gypsum plaster can be applied to all conventional plaster backgrounds. With
accordance with DIN 18195
regard to adhesion, we differentiate between plaster-friendly backgrounds, e.g.
building bricks, lime sandstone, cavity block masonry, absorptive concrete, and
difficult to plaster backgrounds, e.g. slightly absorptive, smooth concrete. You
should establish your choice of gypsum and the work procedure e.g. the pre-
treatment of the plaster background, in accordance with these circumstances.
The condition of the background is of considerable importance to the plaster

adhesion. This is why it is compellingly necessary to test the plaster back-
ground.
The background must be sufficiently dry and absorptive. Lime precipitations,
efflorescence or any loose and crumbly areas must be removed.
The background must be frost-free. Refer to chapter “Plastering in Winter” (page
59) for more information.
The background must be checked in accordance with VOB part C, DIN 18350,
par. 3.1 or in accordance with VOB part B, DIN 1961 §4, figure 3.
Sealing e.g. in the case of a load
case of non-pressing water with
When checking, the contractor must rule out any doubts, especially with regard
bitumen coatings
to:
unsuitable properties of the background e.g. considerable soiling,
efflorescence, too smooth surfaces, oily surfaces, uneven absorptive
surfaces, frozen surfaces, mixed-material background
too high building moisture
less flatness than is permitted according to DIN 18202
insufficient anchoring possibilities
lack of height reference points for each floor
The property owners and architects must be informed of these considera-
tions in writing.
If the topmost ceiling of a building is to be plastered, so as to prevent condensa-

tion build-up, prior to the plastering work the thermal insulation and the moisture
barrier must be applied.
If construction-related movement of the components, e.g. in the case of reinforce-
ment joints, intermediate floors on sleeve bearings, topmost concrete ceiling etc.
is expected, profiles or separating cuts must always be fitted.
If different materials are used within the same area, e.g. concrete to masonry or
different types of stone, you need to fit a plaster reinforcement required in the
transition area.
In principle, you start the plaster work depending on the drying out status of the
structure. In doing so, the seasonally-determined weather conditions are of con-
siderable importance. This must be particularly taken into account in the case of
deadline construction work.
10_ 011
11

Checking the Concrete Background*
At the start of the plastering work, to a large extent the moisture desorption of the
concrete must be excluded so that the background is absorbent. Under particu-
larly favourable conditions (e.g. sustained summer weather), this status will first
be reached 4 weeks at the earliest, and, in unfavourable conditions (e.g. high
air humidity, frost) 8 weeks at the earliest (minimum 60 frost-free days) after the
stripping.
If the concrete is not sufficiently dry, there is the danger that the plaster
adhesion will be considerably influenced, because
the concrete will still shrink and this will cause shearing stress
between the concrete and the plaster;
with further drying out, salts develop on the contact surface between
concrete and plaster and this can have a negative effect on the
adhesive bond (salt formation leads to an increase in volume and
the expansion pressure causes the adhesive bond to fail);
the structure of the gypsum is weakened on account of recrystallisation.
Visual inspection
Sometimes you can see if the plaster adhesion
has been unfavourably influenced by:
adhesive foreign substances, e.g. soiling, mortar splashes,
concrete paste, supporting timber residue and soot
loose and crumbly areas on the concrete surface
adhesive lime precipitations;
particularly smooth and dense concrete surfaces.
Measures: Remove any adhesive foreign substances, crumbly and loose
parts on the concrete. Remove lime precipitations e.g. by using a steel brush
or scraper and pre-treat any smooth and dense concrete surfaces with
Betokontakt.
Visual inspection
Swipe sample
It is necessary to test with a swipe sample using your flat hand in order to
establish any dust or dirt. The swipe sample must be carried out in several
places.
Measures: Remove dust and dirt using a brush; if necessary, wash off and
allow the area to dry.
Swipe sample
Scratch test
A further test of the background is carried out by means of a scratch test; this
is executed using a pointed, hard object (trowel, filling knife of similar). In
doing so, any flaking, peeling or dusting needs to be treated before you start
plastering.
Measures: Use a steel brush to brush off the concrete surface or chip off
residue using a scraper. Apply Betokontakt as a bonding mortar. In some
cases it may be necessary to sand blast. Scratch test
*cp. Also leaflet “Gypsum plaster and plaster containing gypsum on concrete”

Kapitelbezeichnung
Plaster background
Impregnation test
CM device Temperature
measurement
Impregnation test CM device

As, generally speaking, you cannot assess the con- If, after the impregnation test, there are still doubts re-
dition of the plaster background of concrete from its garding the moisture content of the concrete, this can be
appearance and from the swipe sample and scratch determined with the CM device. The moisture content of
test, you must always carry out an impregnation test the concrete should not exceed 3 % of the weight. Ac-
in several places. To do this, clean water is applied cording to the VOB, this test is a service that must be
using a well-soaked ceiling brush. If the water drips specially arranged and paid for.
off the concrete after a few minutes or the transfor-
mation from light to dark does not take place imme- Measuring the temperature
diately, it can be concluded that: When the weather is cold you should particularly en-
there is residue from concrete release agents; sure that room and background temperatures do not
the concrete is still damp; exceed + 5 °C. This can be measured with a standard,
the sinter skin is dense; traditional contact thermometer or without contact using
curing compound is present. an infrared or laser thermometer. Plastering must be
postponed at temperatures below 5 °C. In the case of
Measures: A surface that is soiled by a separating any thermal measures, ensure that not only the air in the
agent must be treated with water and a brush, using a room, but also the background temperature must in-
suitable concrete cleaning agent, and then washed off crease to above + 5 °C; otherwise there is the danger
using clear water. It is also possible to clean using the of condensation build-up on the coldest components/
steam jet. The area must be sufficiently dry before you moist surfaces, especially in the case of open-flame gas
use Knauf Betokontakt. If the concrete is still damp you firing with the emergence of water vapour during the
must wait before you start plastering. Rough up or key combustion process!
dense sinter skin using a steel brush. You may need to
sand blast the area. The area must then be pre-treated
with Betokontakt.
12_ 13
013
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Plastering Different Backgrounds
Masonry Wood chip block

Masonry must be produced in accordance with DIN Please observe the manufacturer´s processing informa-
1053. tion. It is recommended to use a fabric insert in the plas-
In the case of masonry with abutting joints, non-mortared ter.
joints must be no wider than 5 mm. We differentiate be-
tween lime sandstone, porous concrete, bricks and po- Hard foam boards/shaped stone
rous bricks as backgrounds for plaster in terms of their Expanded or extruded polystyrol hard foam boards (e.g.
absorptive capacity. styropor, styrodur or hard foam wood chip block filled
Generally speaking, the suction capacity of stone and with concrete) must be pre-treated with Betokontakt. The
mortar joints should be the same or similar. Depending plaster must be at least 15 mm thick, whereby fabric,
on the suction capacity, you may have to carry out a e.g. PFT Gitex, must be inserted in the top half of the
background pre-treatment so as to prevent the absorp- plaster layer. The plastered areas are separated from the
tion of the plaster. flanking components by means of separation joints.
Excelsior light building slabs Foam glass

By contrast with external plaster, in the case of gypsum According to the manufacturer´s instructions, system-re-
plasters you do not need to use machine-applied plasters lated adhesive must be used to stick the boards to the
for reasons of moisture protection or adhesion. However, background. Depending on the requirements on impact
in the case of boards which are not directly fixed to a strength, the surfaces can be coated both with conven-
solid background, like, for example, in the case of wood- tional plaster as well as finishing plaster. The surfaces
en post-and-beam structures, roof pitches, slatting etc., must be free from dust. A background pre-treatment is
an all-over covering of machine-applied plaster is re- not required. It is recommended to use a fabric insert in
quired for reasons of stabilisation. the plaster.
The average plaster thickness is 15 mm, whereby a fab-
ric, e.g. PFT Gitex, must be inserted in the upper half of
the plaster layer. Refer also to the leaflet for laying and
plastering excelsior boards and excelsior laminated
boards in accordance with DIN EN 13168.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Plaster background
Rib mesh Clayed wire mesh Stucanet
Metal plaster base Steel parts

Plaster bases are used, e.g. in the case of critical con- Steel parts are not suitable as a background for plaster.
crete backgrounds, to span slots and trussed girders, as If steel parts e.g. supports or girder flanges, already ex-
suspended ceilings, in the case of greater plaster thick- ist in the component that is to be plastered, ensure that
ness etc.. corrosion protection has been applied. Steel parts must
Rib mesh or stucanet, rarely clayed wire mesh, are usu- generally be spanned using a plaster base.
ally used for metal plaster bases. The processing and fix-
ing of these plaster bases is carried out in accordance
with DIN 4121. The plaster thickness across the plaster
base must amount to at least 15 mm. When using plaster
bases as suspended ceilings, the areas must be separat-
ed from the enclosure walls (e.g. cut free).
Mixed masonry and old plaster

A general rule for the background pre-treatment can’t be
given in this case, as the object-related framework condi-
tions, like flatness, absorptive capacity, strength of back-
ground, separation layers (old paint) etc. must be taken
into consideration.
Fabric, e.g. PFT Gitex, must be inserted when plastering
mixed masonry. If there are any concerns regarding the
load-bearing capability and freedom from cracks of the
background, then plaster bases should be inserted.
14_ 15
015

Materials for Pre-treatment
For a better processing or good adhesion of the plaster, it is often necessary to
pre-treat the plaster background. As far as the materials for background pre-
treatment are concerned, we generally differentiate between bonding mortar
and primer/suction block.
For large properties it is recommended

to apply the materials mechanically

Kapitelbezeichnung
Plaster background
Concrete areas are painted Applying primer to lime

with Betokontakt sandstone masonry
Bonding mortar* Deep-penetrating primer

The bonding mortars, Betokontakt and background, are Prior to applying tiles, finishing plasters, decorative plas-
used with dispersions filled with coarse additives on non- ters or fillers, the gypsum plaster is primed using a deep-
absorptive or slightly absorptive, smooth backgrounds, penetrating primer. This reduces the absorptive capabil-
like, for example, concrete, to improve the plaster adhe- ity and the surface is “restrengthened”. The pores, how-
sion. In accordance with DIN V 18500, they serve as a ever, are not sealed, so the air-conditioning effect of the
substitute to a cement tack coat in the internal area. They gypsum plaster is maintained.
do not seal the pores, so there is no major influence on Use Knauf deep-penetrating primer undiluted.
the diffusion capability of the background. Betokontakt
and background can be sprayed or rolled on. General
According to the VOB, the use of materials for back-
Suction block ground pre-treatment is a service that must be specially
The products suction block and primer reduce the absorp- arranged and paid for.
tive capacity of the background and hence improve plas- After applying the materials, you must comply with the
ter adhesion. To achieve a good plaster surface without drying time. At 20 °C and standard air humidity it is pos-
any obvious joins on plaster backgrounds that have vary- sible to rework after 12 hours. Low temperatures and
ing absorptive capacities (e.g. stone with mortar joints), high air humidity extend the drying time.
it is necessary to pre-treat with a suction block or primer. The primer can no longer be used at temperatures below
It is important to keep to the respective dilution instruc- 5 °C (wall and ambient temperatures), as the filming of
tions. The more absorptive the background, the more di- the dispersion can no longer take place properly.
luted the primer can be. They primers do no seal the
pores; so there is no major influence on the diffusion ca-
pability of the background.
Soap-based suction blocks are not suitable.
*cp. Also leaflet “Gypsum plaster and plaster containing gypsum on concrete”
16_ 17
017

Pre-treating Plaster Backgrounds
components – smooth
Porous concrete –
Porous concrete –
Lime sandstone –
Pre-cast concrete
Rough-shuttered
porous bricks
Pumice stone
planar stone
masonry
masonry
concrete
Bricks –
Machine-applied plasters
MP 75 L (B) B A/G A/G (A/G) (A/G) (A/G)
MP 75 G/F / MP 75 GP (B) B (A/G) (A/G) (A/G)
MP 75 (B) B A/G A/G (A/G) (A/G) (A/G)
MP 75 L-F (B) B A/G A/G (A/G) (A/G) (A/G)
MP 75 F (B) B A/G A/G (A/G) (A/G) (A/G)
Legito (B) B A/G A/G (A/G) (A/G) (A/G)
Hand plastering /
plaster of Paris
Rotband / Rotband pro (B) B A/G A/G (A/G) (A/G)
HP 100 / HP-Filz (B) B A/G A/G (A/G) (A/G)
Goldband A/G A/G (A/G) (A/G)
Finishing plasters
Multi-Finish (B) B A/G
Universal-Finish B B A/G
Board-Finish B
Particularly suitable B = Knauf Betonkontakt

G = Knauf Primer
Suitable
A = Knauf Suction Block
Unsuitable T = Knauf Deep-Penetrating Primer
P = Knauf Background
The background must be () = depending on the properties
load-bearing, firm, clean and dry. of the background

Kapitelbezeichnung
Plaster background
Lime cement plaster

Metal plaster base
Lime sandstone –
Gypsum, gypsum
Gypsum board in
accordance with
Excelsior light
building slabs
planar stone
lime plaster
DIN 18180
Foam glass
Polystorol
(A/G) Gitex B (T+B) P Gitex

Gitex B (T+B) P Gitex

Gitex B (T+B) P Gitex
Gitex B (T+B) Gitex
T P Gitex
(A/G) T P Gitex
T Gitex
18_ 19
019

Machine-applied Gypsum
Plaster – the MP 75 Family
If large areas are to be plastered, the most efficient solution would be
machine-applied plaster. The processing is easier and quicker than a
manual application. The machine-applied plaster is either filled in the
plastering machine in sack-form or continuously automatically blown
from a container into the plastering machine by means of a pneumatic
conveyor unit.
Efficient processing of gypsum plaster

using plastering machines
Mechanical mixing To rout the corners, it is best to use an angular filling

Mixing is carried out by intensive mixing in the plastering knife or an angular plane.
machine. The water addition is regulated in such a way
that the thinnest possible consistency is achieved to ena- If a felt plaster structure is to be achieved, after the first
ble a perfect processing with the available background felting and a certain amount of standing time, the sur-
and the intended application thickness. The mouldable face structure must again be felted using a fine sponge
gypsum paste will easily forward to the spray head and float.
enables an even, easy-to-distribute and good “standing”
plaster application. If ceramic tiles or a float finish are to be applied to the
plaster, the surface should not be felted or smoothed, it
Plaster application should be levelled with the back of the trowel so as to
The machine-applied plaster is evenly and at the required achieve a firmer and rougher surface structure.
thickness sprayed onto the background by means of the
compressed air that is fed to the spray head. The spray Processing time
pressure brings about an improved adhesion, as the gyp- Machine-applied plaster is characterised by an even,
sum is able to penetrate the joints and indentations. targeted stiffening course that ensures a practical process-
After spraying, the plaster mortar is distributed by means ing time. The processing time enables a practical and
of a feather edge or the metal level in a plumb and level extensive plaster application.
manner. As it starts to harden, if necessary the plaster As the machine-applied plaster remains plastic for a long
surface is drawn out using the feather edge or the wide time, it is possible to take work breaks of up to 15 min-
spatula so as to remove any tracks or grooves. Once the utes. After spraying has ended, the machine, hoses and
plaster is sufficiently stiffened, it is moistened slightly, spray heads must be cleaned carefully.
felted using the sponge float or mechanical felting units
and then (when the surface has dulled) smoothed using a
trowel.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Processing
Plaster application
Hand Gypsum Plaster – After mixing, the mortar is thrown on using
the Rotband Family the trowel or applied with the mortar board,
whereby it is necessary to press down quite
Knauf hand plaster is ideal for renovation work or for small forcefully against the background to allow
areas. Here we differentiate between bond gypsum plaster for a comprehensive adhesion. The plaster
with special adhesive properties and ready-mixed plaster mortar is then embedded using the levelling
for masonry. Both materials are provided in sack form, board or the feather edge and distributed
stirred into the mixer and applied manually. level and flush.
As it starts to harden, if necessary the plaster
surface is drawn out using the feather edge
or the wide spatula in order to remove any
tracks or grooves. Once the plaster has ad-
equately stiffened, it is moistened slightly,
felted using the sponge float and then
smoothed down with the trowel. To rout the
corners, it is best to use an angular filling
knife.
If a felt plaster structure is to be achieved,
after felting and a certain amount of stand-
ing time, the surface structure must again be
felted using a fine sponge float.
If ceramic tiles or a float finish are to be ap-
plied to the plaster, the surface should not be
felted or smoothed, it should be levelled us-
ing the back of the trowel.
Processing time
Gypsum plaster dry mortar for manual
processing is set to a practical processing
time.
If the modernisation areas are larger, Rotband Pro can also be applied
mechanically. It is best to use the light and easy mixer pump, PFT Ritmo.
PFT Ritmo.
Rotband bonding mortar is applied to the ceiling
20_ 21
021

Finishing Plaster: Universal-,
Porous Concrete, Board-Finish
Changes to the structure, precisely dimensioned, level bricks, connected using thin-
bed mortar, or level pre-cast concrete components no longer require a thick, level-
compensating plaster layer to create a level surface. The plaster application serves
to optimise the surface quality. This plaster that is applied in thin layers (layer thick-
ness 2 mm or more) is known as finishing gypsum plaster.
Finishing gypsum plaster is available as a ready-mixed mortar that can be proc-

essed manually (Knauf Board-Finish, Knauf Porous Concrete-Finish) and as a ready-
mixed mortar that can be processed using conventional mixing machines.
The background
Single layers of finishing plasters are used on level backgrounds, like planar stone,
e.g. made of lime sandstone, porous concrete, bricks or on pre-cast concrete sur-
faces. The need for primers or bonding mortars depends on the background (refer
to the table on page 18 / 19).
Mixing
When processing manually, the process takes place in the same way as it does with
hand plastering. When processing mechanically, by contrast with machine-applied
plasters, pumps with a low output and other slight modifications (e.g. spray head)
are required (refer to page 38 – 41).
For an all-over use as a
finishing plaster, Multi-
Mechanical mixing
Finish can also be applied
The plastering machine is filled with Knauf Universal-Finish either in sack form or is mechanically using the
continuously blown from a container into the plastering machine by means of a PFT Fox. Without scaffold-
ing you can efficiently and
pneumatic conveyor unit.
quickly cover and smooth
The water addition should be regulated in such a way that the thinnest possible up to 3.20 m high ceilings
consistency is achieved for enabling a perfect processing at the intended applica- surfaces, with the aid of
long-handled floats and in
tion thickness and on the existing background. The soft-plastic gypsum paste can
one work cycle. No sand-
easily feed to the spray head and results in a level plaster application. ing work is required.
Plaster application
The plaster application takes place in the same way as machine-applied or hand
plaster. With Porous Concrete-Finish, felting is carried out in sections once the plas-
ter surface has dried dull. An immediate smoothing is required afterwards. In the
case of Universal-Finish, processing runs analogously to that of machine-applied
plaster.
For special instructions refer to page 54/55.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Processing
Skim Coat: Multi-Finish

If it is possible for the material to be spread out to zero, we talk about filling compounds or skim coats. The skim
coat, Knauf Multi-Finish, is a typical representative of this class. It can be used in many ways, to plaster rough
and uneven bases, to seal concrete prefabricated part joints, slots and holes, to thinly plaster even bases, like
concrete surfaces, gypsum boards and plaster. Alongside these basic properties, Knauf Multi-Finish is predes-
tined to create high-quality, possibly coloured decorative surface designs in the internal area, i.e. due to its
outstanding material properties, as a finishing plaster Knauf Multi-Finish can be smoothed down (2 – 3 mm) to
a shiny surface, which, when protected with the wax Knauf Fine-Finish, is perfectly suitable as a final surface.
Processing
To seal the joints in concrete pre-fabricated
elements, Multi-Finish must be pressed down
at diagonals to the joint on both sides, so
that both sides have a good joint flank adhe-
sion. Then, whilst forming a ridge, the joints
are smoothed over longwise. As the mix
starts to set, any protruding material is
chipped off and the area smoothed over im-
mediately.
If a height compensation is required, Multi-
Finish is applied in a second work cycle and
then filled. Shrinkage cavity holes are sealed
in the same process. The component-deter-
mined tendency to crack in pre-cast elements
can be reduced by inserting a joint reinforce-
ment strip, however, in this case it cannot be
entirely excluded.
In the case of an all-over covering of con-
crete surfaces, gypsum boards and plaster,
Knauf Multi-Finish is applied as a single-lay-
er finishing plaster at a layer thickness of at
least 2 mm. If a several-layer application is
required, ensure that the previous layer has
hardened and dried out before commencing
on the next layer.
22_ 23
023

Knauf LEGITO
The ideal combination of two classic building materials in one unique plaster: Knauf LEGITO, the process-
ing-friendly eco-package made of clay and gypsum, for an optimum room climate regulation. Compared
with conventional plasters, LEGITO has three times the capacity to absorb and emit air humidity. It is
classified at the same, high level as for normal clay-based plasters – with the simultaneous modern, sin-
gle-layer and hence rational processing manner (like gypsum plaster). The recipe is optimised with re-
gard to utmost ecological and health-conscious requirements.
Plaster thickness Smoothing, felting or texturing

In the wall area - single-layer 5 – 40 mm, in the ceiling with just one product
area - 5 – 15 mm. If, in the case of greater plaster thick- After the plaster surface has set slightly, smooth off with
ness on walls, two-layers are to be plastered, the first a Swiss trowel, possibly twice if necessary. In the case of
layer must be roughed up using the feather edge or the a felt plaster structure, complete felting with a manual
wide spatula. After completely drying out, prime with sponge float or felting machine (perhaps a PFT). In the
Knauf Suction Block (1:3 dilution). Again, once dried out, case of a freely textured surface design, you can create
the next layer can be applied. Plaster the ceilings in just a three-dimensional, elastic feel. Depending on taste and
one single layer. imagination, using a trowel, spatula, brush etc. the
desired design is pressed into the stiffening plaster and
Manual processing
the surface is then finished accordingly.
Sprinkle a sack of Knauf LEGITO (30 kg) in approximate-
Ensure good ventilation to ensure the plaster dries out
ly 15 litres of clean water. After around 5 minutes dwell-
quickly. Knauf LEGITO remains moist longer than normal
ing time, use the motorised blender to stir without adding
gypsum plaster. The surface has compressive strength
any other additives.
only after it has hardened.
Mechanical processing
Processing time
Adjust the water addition to the plastering machine in
C. 180 minutes, depending on the background.
terms of consistency (c. 1 bar mortar pressure per metre
hose length). Spray the LEGITO on the wall, working from Special instructions:
top to bottom. Do not exceed spraying breaks of more Pre-treatment for coatings and claddings,
than 10 – 15 minutes, otherwise run the mixer, pump and design possibilities
hoses empty. The plaster must be dry (moisture < 1 %), without move-
ment and free from dust. To take optimum advantage of
Distribution – smoothing out
the climatising effect of Knauf LEGITO, the following
Use an h-profile feather edge to distribute and after c. 80
coatings should be vapour-permeable. Simple paints
minutes (dependent on the plaster background), draw out
(clay, casein, lime, dispersion-silicate or naturally disper-
(slightly rough surface) and level out corners.
sion-based) are suitable. These paints can be applied
Felting either using a brush or with a lambskin roller and, de-
After moistening the plaster surface using a sponge float pending on taste, executed in a marbled, natural finish,
(or PFT level), generate sufficient slurry and level out any stipple technique or sponge technique or simply left as it
small uneven areas. is. The longstanding, open-poured wallpaper or the min-
eral decorative plaster, Knauf Royal, are also perfectly
suitable. The manufacturer´s instructions regarding any
possible pre-treatment required must be observed.
VOB, part C, DIN 18363 and DIN 18366 must also be
observed.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Processing
Similar to clay-based plasters, Knauf LEGITO The absorption of moisture (g/m2) over the course of time
achieves a much greater moisture absorption
from the air in the room than, for example, lime-
180
based plaster – and this with considerable process-
160
ing, technical material and economic advantages.
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
g/m2
0h
2h
Time 4h
24h
28h
46h
Lime plaster Clay plaster 52h
Legito
Arguments for LEGITO

– LEGITO combines the advantages of classic – Very flexible in the single-layer (5 to 40 mm)
binding agents, clay and gypsum – Mechanical or manual processing
– c. 3x capacity to emit and absorb air humidity – Container logistics possible
compared with conventional plasters, at the – Suitable for all load-bearing bases:
same high level as “normal” clay-based plaster in new construction – lime sandstone, brick, light-
– Therefore prevents mould formation – LEGITO is weight brick masonry among others, generally
the “clay-based plaster” with the security of a without priming; in old buildings on all
gypsum plaster (plaster adhesion, strengths, load-bearing bases. Also suitable for the
mar-resistant surface) renovation of historical clay-based plasters
– Organic architecture certificate from Rosenheim – No expanding or shrinking
has been submitted – Individual surface design: felted, smoothed
– Full declaration of contents (upon request) or freely textured with just one product
– Practically the same process as gypsum plaster – Suitable for wall heating
– Due to the practical, single-layer process, an
economic alternative to conventional clay-based
plasters
24_ 25
025

Knauf has developed a gypsum filling com-
Ready to process
pound for an all-over surface smoothing, Knauf Readygips – Ready to Use fro
which is always ready to use and very
processing-friendly: Knauf Readygips
Ready for the entire surface

Slightly damaged wall and ceiling plaster
(gypsum plaster) or concrete and porous
concrete surfaces are ready to wallpaper
over or coat after plastering in no time with
Readygips. Readygips is also perfectly suit-
ed for plaster areas that have classified in Surface plaster for high-quality surfaces Practical concrete plaster
the quality level “Q4 smoothed”. In the case

of mechanical processing (e.g. with
PFTSwing), alongside smooth surfaces you
can effortlessly achieve fine spray plaster
structures (refer to page 53). Readygips can
also be sprayed airlessly using piston pumps. Manually –
Knauf Readygips is the ideal aid for renovat-
ready to open,
ing, e.g. after removing wallpaper or to
plaster over firmly bonded fibre glass wall- mix and apply
papers.
Ready to open, mix, apply

Use directly from the bucket
On walls and ceilings in the internal area
In old and new constructions – particular-
ly mouldable and easy to process
Can be processed mechanically, e.g.
with PFT Swing or airless piston pump
Considerable filling power
Easy to sand down
Now available in tubular bags
Ready for the next construction site

Use Readygips right down to the last drop. Renovation work on slightly damaged old plasters after removing the wallpaper.
Simply close the bucket and head off to the
next construction site. No painstaking clean-
ing work and no more material residue.
Advantages at a glance
Considerable processing security
Savings in time and cost
Up to 3.10 m ceiling height
can be processed without scaffolding
Fewer work cycles All-over plastering when renovating Wallpaper and coating-capable
Fast processing wall and ceiling surfaces creates high- plastering of old plaster, concrete,
quality, smooth surfaces in the shortest and porous concrete surfaces in the
Less work possible time. internal area

Kapitelbezeichnung
Processing
Ready for practical processing

For an easier processing of Knauf Ready-
rom the Bucket gips, it is now also available in practical tu-
bular sacks. These are emptied using a sack
mangle either in a mortar tub or directly in
the respective airless device – this saves on
time and waste. You no longer have to scrape
out buckets and the material can be proc-
essed more quickly. There is also less waste
and you save on disposal time. Piston pumps
are suitable for the airless processing of
Knauf Readyips – these are designed to
Ideal renovation plaster Joint filling compound for gypsum boards
process paste-like
filling compounds (e.g. Graco Mark U,
Grace Mark X, Wagner HC
35, HC 45 and HC 55
Mechanically – Quality level Q3 and Q4 in dry

construction systems
efficient, practical and reliable Assuming Q2 (Knauf Uniflott, Knauf TRIAS or
Knauf Joint Filler Light), the ready-to-process
gypsum filling compound, Knauf Readygips,
is the right choice. Readygips is incredibly
easy to process and, due to its light-grey col-
our, also enables a visual uniformity of the
surface.
Efficiency of the system compared

with manual processing
Example: complete filling of a

concrete surface
Saving
Scaffolding
Can be processed
mechanically, e.g. Time Time
using airless devices Material Material
PFT SAMBA XL or
Processing Processing
feed pumps, manually mechanically
with, e.g. PFT
like PFT Swing SAMBA XL
26_ 27
027

Knauf PutzPin and Knauf MP 75 L
Knauf PutzPins are used as mechanically fixed plaster bases in the system with Knauf
machine-applied plaster, MP 75 L, on ceiling surfaces made of concrete which do not permit
plastering in accordance with “Gypsum plaster and plaster containing gypsum on
concrete”1).
25 cm 50 cm
25 cm
50 cm
The grid gives you a consumption of 4 PutzPins per m2

2 3
With the new Knauf system, in conjunction with Knauf MP 75 L,

1)
Industriegruppe Baugipse im Bundesverband der Gipsindustrie e.V., Birkenweg 13, PutzPins at a grid distance of 50 cm ensure a secure adhesion
64295 Darmstadt and Deutscher Stuckgewerbebund in the Zentralverband des Deut- even in autumn and winter construction sites. The form of the plate
schen Baugewerbes, Kronenstraße 55-58, 10117 Berlin-Mitte. gives you the necessary and complete backfilling. The PutzPin is
embedded entirely.
According to the above-mentioned leaflet, the plaster backgrounds with residual moisture of up to 6 % of
backgrounds for plastering are suitable if the residual weight and base temperatures of 2°C. These criteria
moisture of the concrete amounts to 3 % of the weight must be checked and logged by the processor according
(CM method), the background temperature does not ex- to the test methods described in the leaflet “Gypsum plas-
ceed 5°C and the concrete surface is clean, free from ter and plaster containing gypsum on concrete”1).
concrete release agents or sinter skin. If one of the re-
quirements is not fulfilled, concerns should be reported Fixing
and suitable measures taken. Knauf PutzPins are mechanically fixed to the background
In the case of too much concrete residual moisture and with the aid of an HILTI bolt feeding device (DX 351, DX
with too low background temperatures, according to A40) and using an Hilti steel nail (X-DNI 27 P8).
leaflet “Bonding mortars for gypsum plasters and gyp- These components have been checked for use in the sys-
sum-based plasters”1) it is particularly important to use a tem with Knauf PutzPins and can be used for all conven-
suitable plaster base. This work must arranged and paid tional concrete qualities.
for separately.
For more information on fixing, please contact the employees of
With the plaster base, Knauf PutzPin, you can plaster Hilti Deutschland GmbH under the toll-free telephone number
otherwise properly or appropriately pre-treated concrete 0800-888 55 22.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Processing
Knauf Moulding Plaster

When renovating old structural fabrics, especially with regard to monument mainte-
nance, you usually require a plaster of Paris with a high degree of whiteness and
fineness. Knauf Moulding Plaster is optimally designed to produce moulds and orna-
ments, but also to create forms in the ceramics industry.
Operational sequence/processing time

for Rocasco moulding plaster:
Sprinkle 1 sack (40 kg) into approximately
30 litres of clean water, allow to rest for a while
and then use a motorised blender to stir the mix-
ture into a lump-free paste. Smaller quantities
are made up using the same water/gypsum
ratio (0.75) (maybe also using a trowel or
gypsum spatula). Hardening starts after around
11 ± 3 minutes, and hardening has been
achieved after around 20 to 30 minutes.
28_ 29
029

Containers and Logistics
Today, factory-mixed gypsum dry mortar arrives at the construction site in sack-form or in si-
los/containers. Loose mortar, which is transported to the construction site in pressureless
freefall silos is particularly advantageous and practical to process. The round or square steel
containers have useful storage volumes of up to 22 m3, the maximum filling weight depends
on the product and on the maximum transport weight of the vehicle being used. For a fault-
free silo emptying it is necessary to use vibrators. You will need a pneumatic conveyor unit
to move the material from the silo (e.g. PFT Silomat).
The driver of the silo truck (if filling on site),

erector of the silo and/or user of the con-
struction site container must observe the set-
ting up conditions of the mortar industry.
These conditions are summarised on page

35 as guidelines for setting up and using
construction site silos.
Container logistics
Core points of the Knauf container logistics
are regional disposition sites, which, with
the EDP support of the entire organisation,
are controlled across-Europe from the ac-
ceptance of contract up to the delivery.
For a smooth and economic processing, you

use the container that is coordinated to the
product and the required quantity
(1) Erecting with container vehicle

(2) Topping up with silo vehicle at the construction site
Some products are available only regionally

Machines
Kapitelbezeichnung
and logistics
Guidelines for Setting Up and Using

Construction Site Silos
DRIVER ERECTOR USER if there is a load-bearing background with a permissible bearing pressure of
more than 0.2 N/mm2. The boards used for a storage system must be 3 to
1. When erecting/loading, no unauthorized persons should be residing in the
3.5 m long, 30 cm wide and 8 cm thick. DIN 1054 applies for the permissible
danger zone of the construction site container.
load of the building ground.
DRIVER ERECTOR USER
DRIVER ERECTOR USER
2. Construction site containers should be transported or moved only on the
8. Empty containers must be anchored against any wind forces.
support fittings and with the correct equipment and by authorized personnel.
Crane transport is not permitted! DRIVER ERECTOR USER
DRIVER ERECTOR USER 9. Prior to filling, the filling and ventilation lines must be checked to ensure
there are no blockages and all the safety equipment must be checked for func-
3. The place of erection for the container must be chosen and prepared in such
tion; the dust sack must be connected. It must be possible for the containers to
a way that the container/transport vehicle and the silo vehicle can drive around
be filled without any recoil. The filling pressure arising in the container must not
safely. Observe the safety distances to electrical lines. If these cannot be com-
exceed 0.1 bar. The residual air in the container must not be allowed to decom-
plied with, you must contact the power supply companies. The place of erection
press.
chosen by the local site management must be personally allocated or clearly
labelled. DRIVER ERECTOR USER
DRIVER ERECTOR USER 10. The ventilation lines must be kept open at all times; pressure must not build
up in the container!
4. A level place of erection of at least 3 m x 3 m must be available. The place
of erection must be safeguarded against foundation erosion or sliding. When DRIVER ERECTOR USER
setting up in the area of excavation pits and graves, the construction in accord-
11. Any damage and manipulation established on the construction site
ance with DIN 4124 must be structurally proven.
container must be reported immediately to the owner of the container.
DRIVER ERECTOR USER
DRIVER ERECTOR USER
The container must be vertical. Special care must be offered in the edge area of
12. The procure/hirer/user is liable for all danger and damage that occurs from
excavation pits, pipe trenches, slopes etc. with made-up foundations, with
using the container.
longer standing times of the container as well as with unfavourable weather
conditions (e.g. frozen ground). DRIVER ERECTOR USER
DRIVER ERECTOR USER 13. If, in order to improve material flow properties, an electric vibrator is used,
this should have a centrifugal force of max. 3 kN (300 kp). To vibrator should
During the standing time, especially however when filling the container, the
be fixed using only the provided welded-on vibrator plate. A vibrator may be in
substructure must be constantly observed to check for any sinking and, if neces-
operation only at the same time as the conveyor unit or mixing machine. The
sary, countermeasures must be initiated in good time.
vibrator must be switched off as soon as the silo is empty!
DRIVER ERECTOR USER
DRIVER ERECTOR USER
5. If site containers are to be set up on public roads, a special-purpose authoriza-
14. When loading the construction site container on the transport vehicle, all
tion for setting up on pavements or roads in accordance with StVO must be ob-
the nearby units and machines must be removed out of the swing angle. Prior
tained; the container must be identified with reflecting foil in the colours red and
to transportation, the roof and stand frames of the container must be thor-
white. The permission in accordance with StVO must be proven by the erector.
oughly cleaned and the filling opening and outlet flap of the construction site
DRIVER ERECTOR USER container must be sealed.
6. When a container is filled, the floor load can amount to up to 0.3 N/mm2. DRIVER ERECTOR USER
Accordingly, the load-bearing capability of the place of erection must be
15. The following safety conditions and accident prevention directives must be
assured.
observed:
DRIVER ERECTOR USER s:(GUIDELINESFORREPLACEABLETILTINGANDDROPPINGVESSELS
s6"' GENERALDIRECTIVES
7. In the case of insufficient load-bearing capability of the floor, a foundation
s6"'LADDERSANDSTEPS
must be created. Usually, reinforced steel concrete foundations are used. In
s6"' 3ILOS
doing so, slabs and/or strip foundations should be preferred over independent
s'ENERALACCIDENTPREVENTIONDIRECTIVES
footings. Instead of concrete foundations, you can also set up a storage system
30_ 31
031

Super Quick Service
Your Knauf silo disposition sites
06369 Gnetsch 72189 Vöhringen-Wittershausen 79283 Bollschweil
Pösigker Landstraße 1 Auf Stauden Ellighofen 6
Telefon: +49 34978/24-0 Telefon: +49 7454/9613-10/11/14/15/16 Telefon: +49 7633/810-0
Fax: +49 34978/24-30 Fax: +49 7454/9613-30 Fax: +49 7633/810-113
06548 Rottleberode 68623 Lampertheim 91465 Ergersheim-Neuherberg

Hauptstraße 72 Hafenstraße 2–10 Haus-Nr. 33
Telefon: +49 34653/70-332/333/334/335/336 Telefon: +49 6206/1809-0 Telefon: +49 9323/31-9314/9341/9343/9346/9347
Fax: +49 34653/70-340 Fax: +49 6206/1809-30 Fax: +49 9323/31-9344
21409 Embsen 72189 Vöhringen-Wittershausen 92283 Lauterhofen

Am Alten Werk 1 Auf Stauden Industriestraße 12
Telefon: +49 4131/9169-13/15 Telefon: +49 7454/9613-10/11/14/15/16 Telefon: +49 9186/178-0
Fax: +49 4134/9169-23 Fax: +49 7454/9613-30 Fax: +49 9186/178-40
30179 Hannover 73776 Altbach 97346 Iphofen

Ikarusallee 22 Kieswiesen 2 (Neckarinsel) Am Bahnhof 7
Telefon: +49 511/473107-0 Telefon: +49 7153/667-100 Telefon: +49 9323/31-0
Fax: +49 511/473107-60 Fax: +49 7153/667-199 Fax: +49 9323/31-277
41460 Neuss
Tilsiterstraße
Telefon: +49 2131/299-123/158/184
Fax: +49 2131/299-187
44577 Castrop-Rauxel
Wartburgstraße 278
Telefon: +49 2367/9980-0 Embsen
Fax: +49 2367/9980-30
64319 Pfungstadt
Werner-von-Siemens-Straße 35 Hannover
Telefon: +49 6157/13-378
Fax: +49 6157/13-307 Castrop-Rauxel
Gnetsch
64625 Bensheim
Mühltalstraße 135 Rottleberode
Telefon: +49 6251/935-0
Neuss
Fax: +49 6251/935-23
66333 Völklingen-Fenne
Saarwiesenstraße 1a Pfungstadt
Telefon: +49 6898/5024-10/12 Bensheim Iphofen
Fax: +49 6898/5024-30
Lampertheim
66706 Perl Perl
Neuherberg
Maimühle
Telefon: +49 6867/9104-0
Fax: +49 6867/9104-30 Fenne
Lauterhofen
68623 Lampertheim Altbach
Hafenstraße 2–10
Telefon: +49 6206/1809-0
Fax: +49 6206/1809-30
Wittershausen
Bollschweil

Machines
Kapitelbezeichnung
and logistics
Machines and Tools

When processing plaster there are a number of machines that
can make the work easier and increase efficiency.
The conveyor unit A few tips:

The conveyor unit comfortably, fully automatically and Once per day (prior to work) the container should be
dust-free transports the dry mortar (e.g. MP 75 L) by vented by means of PFT SILOMAT (refer to the PFT SILO-
means of compressed air across ranges of up to 140 m MAT instructions). If the outlet behaviour is still poor, you
or even heights of up to 80 m. To assure optimum equip- should check the setting times for the SILOMAT unit. If
ping of the conveyor unit, a vibrator is often fitted to the outlet difficulties arise,
outside of the container usually during the filling time. the vibrator should not be used, as otherwise the mate-
rial in the container will become compressed.
Power supply To avoid mixture separations, the conveyor hose to the
The PFT SILOMAT is operated with 400 V three-phase plastering machine should be laid properly. To ensure an
current. The back-up is generated with 5 x 32 A. The fuse optimum operational sequence of the unit over long con-
box must be provided with an FI protective circuit veyor routes, the conveyor line should not be laid too
breaker. level. We therefore suggest you create elevations, e.g. to
the hose coupling, by means of two upright pallets. It is
important to use hose tape to tie the conveyor line to the
cross-strut immediately after the conveyor tub.
32_ 33
033

Machines and Tools
The plastering machine
The mixer pump, also known as the plastering machine, continuously mixes the dry mortar
with the required water quantity and uses a screw pump to feed the mortar to the processing
site. The following specifications refer to the PFT G 5 or PFT G 4, which, with over 50.000
units sold, are probably the most widespread plastering machines. You can, however, usu-
ally transfer the designs to other machines.
Fine plastering
device
Mixer coil for Mixer coil Light plaster Maintenance- Stator that can be tensioned
fine plaster mixer coil free stator using the clamp
Power and water supply Dry mortar supply

Most plastering machines work at 400 V. The back-up The dry mortar can be supplied in sack form or via the
should take place with 3 x 32 A. To ensure sufficient conveyor unit from the silo. When filling with sacks,
water supply, at least one water hose ¾” should be ensure that the security grille is fixed on the storage
chosen. The water pressure at the input manometer container of the plastering machine. When using con-
must amount to at least 2.5 bar with the machine run- tainers, a blow-in hood is fitted to the mixer pump so
ning. If there is insufficient water pressure, a pressure- as to protect the unit from dust. The integrated level
increase pump should be inserted at the water intake sensor controls the PFT SILOMAT unit.
point.
Water dosage
Compressed air supply The water requirement depends on the product and the
The compressed air supply is created using a compres- output of the machine. Use the needle valve to set the
sor that belongs to the plastering machine. This com- water quantities. Turn the handwheel clockwise to al-
pressor has an output of around 250 l/min. The com- low more water to flow through, and anti-clockwise to
pressed air is used to spray the mortar out of the spray reduce it. Experience has shown that the water require-
head. The distance between the air nozzle and the ment is usually a little greater (c. 10%) at the start. The
spray cap should be that of the diameter of the nozzle. mortar should be sprayed in a mouldable consistency
In the case of gypsum or gypsum lime mortars, the noz- with the water set as high as possible.
zle diameter of around 12 mm has proven successful.

Machines
Kapitelbezeichnung
and logistics
Mixer coil The mortar hose

The mixer coil ensures that the dry material is mixed For feeding across spans of up to 25 m you use a mor-
into the mixing zone of the water. We differentiate be- tar hose with a diameter of 25 mm. It should be kept
tween the conventional supplied mixer coils and the as short as possible in order to keep frictional loss and
light plaster mixer coils. Light plaster coils are to be the wear of the screw pump to a minimum. The pres-
used for gypsum plasters with light additives, e.g. per- sure in the mortar hose for gypsum plasters amounts to
lites. 1 bar/m hose length. If 30 bar operating pressure is
exceeded, we recommend the use of thicker hoses.
Screw pump
A screw pump is made up of a screw casing (stator) Fine plastering device
and screw conveyor (rotor). We differentiate between Compressed air feeds the mortar out of the fine plas-
screw casings with and without clamps. New pump tering device. The machine is switched on and off by
parts should have a feed pressure of around 30 bar opening and closing the air tap on the fine plastering
before and after the first spray (with a conveying hose device.
length of 10 m) and a backpressure of around 12 bar.
In the case of pumps where the tension can be read- Work interruptions/end of work
justed (screw casings with clamps), if the feed pres- Breaks in spraying should not exceed 20 minutes or
sure weakens you can regulate the pressure by twist- so, otherwise mixers, pumps and hoses should be run
ing the tension screw. If the required feed pressure can empty and cleaned.
no longer be provided, the pump part has worn out
and must be replaced.
34_ 35
035

Machines and Tools
PFT SWING
spray set
Hopper gun
PFT N 2V feed pump PFT RITMO PFT MS2 Putzi

paddle mixer
Tips and tricks Too short setting times can, under some circum-
The formation of lumps can cause the mixer coil to wear stances, also stem from machine problems, e.g.
out or a poor wetting of the plaster. It is therefore recom- dirty hoses or machines
mended to replace the mixer coil or use a light plaster water hose lying in the sun
coil. In the case of persistently annoying lumps as a result too thick consistency
of insufficient wetting, it can be helpful to use an agitator soiled water (e.g. from a container)
(e.g. PFT Rotoquirl or Rotomix).
Feed pumps
Fluctuations in consistency If pumpable mortar, slurry and liquids are to be trans-
can have many causes: ported or sprayed, you use feed pumps, e.g. the PFT N
worn screw pump (rotor/stator) 2V or PFT SWING II. Using these electrically driven feed
clamp is not evenly tightened/faulty (oval) pumps, which have an infinitely adjustable output, you
worn or faulty mixer coil can spray e.g. Betokontakt.
reducing pressure valve set incorrectly,
faulty or soiled Paddle mixers
insufficient water pressure or quantity These machines are suitable as batch mixer pumps to
(choose a 3/4“ connection) mix and spray hand plasters, e.g. Rotband or Gold-
too long or too weak power cable band.
(loss of voltage)
in the case of maintenance-free screw casings,
the mortar hose is too long
poor movement of the material in the mixing zone
feed height or span too great

Machines
Kapitelbezeichnung
and logistics
Fig. Name Material no. Source
1 Exterior corner filling knife 00004698 Knauf

2 Interior corner filling knife 00004695 Knauf
3 Venetian trowel 00021198 Knauf
1 2 3
4 Plasterer´s trowel 20222700 PFT
5 Gypsum spatula 20222500 PFT
6 Filling knife 20221200 PFT
7 Sponge float miscellaneous PFT
8 Finishing trowel 20221100 PFT
9 Swiss trowel 20221000 PFT
10 Edge smoother 20222300 PFT
11 Gypsum saw 00004620 Knauf 4 5 6
12 Scarifier 00004619 Knauf

13 Mortar mixer with quirl miscellaneous PFT
14 Feather edge profile miscellaneous PFT
8 7
Hopper gun
Using the hopper gun you can spray fine, mixed disper-
11
sion or mineral plasters.
Plaster felting unit

10
By using a plaster felting unit, e.g. PFT PUTZI, any inter-
nal and external plaster that requires felting can be eas- 9
ily, evenly and practically felted through. Individual wa- 12
ter supply directly to the unit, easy-to-change felt/sponge

floats (fine, medium, coarse pores) by means of Velcro
fastening as well as a provided friction disk make up this
unit.
The rotational speed of the float can be controlled within
13
the range 70 – 120 rpm.
14
36_ 37
037

Heating and Cooling Systems in
Knauf Machine-Applied Plasters
With today´s energetic equipping and retrofitting of buildings, surface tempering
systems are being used increasingly in walls and ceilings. Whether “air-condi-
tioning units” as ceiling cooling systems to cool offices, as wall heating systems
for optimum comfort in living areas or as component tempering systems in muse-
ums or in the modernisation of historical buildings, many of these systems are
integrated in the plaster layer.
Kulturspeicher in Würzburg
Comfort and ambience, Knauf LEGITO on wall-panel heating

Heating and
Kapitelbezeichnung
cooling
Raumakustik
systems
Art museum at a comfortable temperature Ceiling cooling system in offices

Component tempering system, plastered using Knauf MP 75 G/F Capillary tube mats with Knauf MP 75 G/F
The Energie-Einsparverordnung (EnEV) (German Energy Saving Ordi-

nance) supports this trend. Considerable insulation requires a lower
heat requirement. Due to its surface output, underfloor heating is often
overdesigned. Added to this is the fact that heating elements are being
considered more and more to be architectural annoyances.
Knauf gypsum plaster, gypsum lime plaster and the clay-based gypsum
plaster, LEGITO, are ideal system components for such surface temper-
ing systems. They are characterised by an optimum processing consist-
ency, crack-free setting and ideal thermal conductivity. The plastic mor-
tar consistency and the spray pattern when processing mechanically
ensure a complete, bubble-free embedding of the tempering system,
mostly with water-guiding pipework of differing diameters and materi-
als. The shrink-free setting enables an easy, single-layer plastering of
systems – even those with large pipe diameters. Plaster thickness of
between 40 – 50 mm can be realised practically and reliably.
Advantage
bubble-free embedding of pipework
greater layer thickness, single-layers
can be realised
crack-free setting
optimum temperature distribution
considerable cooling performance
38_ 39
039

Cooling Ceilings with Capillary Tube Mats
on gypsum boards
The compressively rigid substructure for the suspended The laying distance of the furring channels should be
gypsum board ceiling must have been designed for the around 320 mm. The assembly of the pipework/lines
additional load of the wet plaster. Spacing of the sub- for the capillary tube mats is laid in the ceiling void.
structure according to load class 0.30 < p < 0.50 kN/ Installation takes place in accordance with the respec-
m (refer to detailed sheet D11).
2
tive manufacturer´s instructions.
Capillary tube mats fixed mechanically to the substructure of the gypsum boards.
Joints are first filled and the surface pre-treated with Knauf Background.

Heating and
Kapitelbezeichnung
cooling
Raumakustik
systems
The mat stems are fixed in the ceiling cavity to the pro- In doing so, ensure that the capillary tube is not squashed
files of the substructure (e.g. using cable ties) and remain or dented at the edge (45° bevelled edge, see above).
suspended rolled up. The test for the leak tightness of the Recesses for lights and ventilation grids can be created
cooling system is carried out according to the by pulling apart the capillaries up to a diameter of c.
manufacturer´s instructions. During the further work, the 150 mm.
system remains at the testing pressure of 10 bar, for the
purpose of immediate error detection, and filled with The slits for the capillary tube mats and other small open-
water. ings in the gypsum board ceiling are pushed out using
Knauf Uniflott and then inserted in the fresh gypsum fill-
Cladding with 12.5 mm Knauf boards takes place in ac- ing compound plaster fabric.
cordance with detailed sheet D11. The ceiling surface
must be separated from the neighbouring components. After the filling compound has hardened and dried, the
This is best assured by creating a shadow gap, usually ceiling including the capillary tube mats is plastered us-
however by separating using Knauf Trenn-Fix. The gyp- ing Knauf MP 75 G/F or Knauf LEGITO (thickness c. 10
sum board joints are filled using Knauf Uniflott, whereby mm) and the surface produced in the required quality
joint tape must be embedded in the cut edges. The edges and structure.
of the opening slits in the area of the c. 20 mm wide
lead-throughs of the capillary mats from the ceiling cavity Attention! Do not use any sharp-edged tools – danger of
to the underneath of the gypsum board ceiling damaging the capillary tube mats.
must have a 45° bevel.
After producing the plaster surface, the protruding edges
Knauf Background is then applied all-over as a bonding of the separation strips, Knauf Trenn-Fix, are cut flush to
mortar and a moisture block, undiluted on the gypsum the plaster surface.
board surface. After drying, the mats are rolled out and
fixed taut without overlapping to the gypsum board ceil- The cooling system should be commissioned only after
ing using Niro or galvanized staples (c. 18 mm at 12.5 the plastered ceiling has dried out completely.
mm GKB). The staples should be applied only on the
spacers between the capillary tubes.
40_ 41
041

Cooling Ceilings with Capillary Tube Mats
on concrete
The background must be checked in accordance with VOB part C, DIN 18350, par. 3.1 or
in accordance with VOB part B, DIN 1961 §4 figure 3 or in accordance with the leaflet
“Gypsum plaster and plaster containing gypsum on concrete”1) and leaflet “Bonding mor-
tars for gypsum plaster and plaster containing gypsum” (refer to page 71).
Variant 1: Mechanically fixed cooling mats on concrete

that has been pre-treated with Knauf Betokontakt
Variant 2.1: Installation Variant 2.2: Suspending the cooling Plastering over the cooling mats and
of Knauf PutzPins mats in the Knauf PutzPins. the PutzPins with Knauf MP 75 L

Heating and
Kapitelbezeichnung
cooling
Raumakustik
systems
Variant 1 stroke and backward stroke stems. Aligned according to

Pre-treat the raw concrete ceiling with Knauf Betokontakt. the positioning of the mats, the PutzPins KD are set in the
Capillary tube mats are then mechanically fixed taut to grid of 40 x 60 cm in the ceiling (fig.).
the connection pegs in the raw concrete ceiling in ac-
cordance with the system manufacturer´s instructions, In the width of the mat (100 cm) 3 x at a 40 cm distance,
without suspending and without overlapping. Hydraulic in the length of the mat at a distance of 60 cm. Maximum
connection and leak test also take place in accordance one day prior to applying the plaster, the capillary mats
with the system manufacturer´s instructions. During the (the capillary tubes) are suspended in the PutzPins KD
further work, the system remains under the testing pres- (over the plate edge in the distance between the plate
sure of 10 bar, for the purpose of immediate error detec- and the ceiling). By sliding the connection pegs between
tion, and filled with water. the capillary tubes to the next PutzPin KD, the mats can
be tensioned almost parallel to the background. It is rec-
The ceiling and capillary tube mats are plastered with a ommended that you set the last 3 PutzPins KD at the end
single layer of Knauf machine-applied plaster MP 75 of the mat in such a way that the mat can be tensioned
G/F or Knauf LEGITO with a slim consistency, plaster properly. The mats are then plastered using Knauf MP 75
thickness 10 mm – 12 mm. The plaster surfaces must, for L. The plaster thickness amounts to around 12 mm. The
example, be separated from neighbouring components plaster surfaces must, for example, be separated from
by means of Knauf Trenn-Fix. The plaster surface is cre- neighbouring components by means of Knauf Trenn-Fix.
ated in the desired quality and surface structure.
Attention! Do not use sharp-edged tools! Special case
Danger of damaging the capillary tube mats! If, due to unfavourable background conditions, plaster
thickness > 15 mm is required or if the cooling system is
Variant 2 to be fitted in a modernisation property to an existing old
Plastering the cooling ceilings with capillary tube mats on plaster, then a continuons plaster base is required. As a
ceiling surfaces made of concrete which do not permit plaster base we would recommend you use a point-weld-
plastering in accordance with “Gypsum plaster and plas- ed wire framework, mesh c. 15 mm (e.g. Armanet by
ter containing gypsum on concrete”. If the background Bekaert), which is fitted using the appropriate distance
test of the concrete shows a residual moisture > 3 weight plugs at a distance of 10 mm beneath the ceiling. With
% (CM method, Darr method) the background tempera- the aid of this plaster base mesh, the capillary tube mats
ture is less than 5 °C, concerns should be reported and can be fixed simultaneously to the ceiling; these are
suitable measures taken. placed in the grid prior to installation and then raised up
along with the grid and pegged into place. In doing so,
When using the security system Knauf PutzPin and Knauf the processing directives of the plaster base manufactur-
MP 75 L, it is possible to plaster these surfaces without er concerning assembly equipment, overlapping widths
using Betokontakt. For cooling ceilings with capillary etc. must be complied with. Knauf MP 75 G/F or Knauf
tube mats, Knauf has especially developed the PutzPin LEGITO is then sprayed through the grid and the mats
KD for an easier suspension of the cooling mats. down to the background, with a plaster cover of the grid
The selective plaster base, Knauf PutzPin KD, can be used of at least 10 mm. The plaster surfaces must, for exam-
with this variant and simultaneously with the mechanical ple, be separated from neighbouring components by
fixing of the capillary tube mats on the ceiling. The capil- means of Knauf Trenn-Fix. The plaster surface is then cre-
lary tube mats are prefitted and rolled up on the forward ated in the desired quality and surface structure.
42_ 43
043

Plastering Wall Heating Systems
with Knauf MP 75 G/F or LEGITO
Copper heating pipes are plastered Mat reinforcement (PFT Gitex) is inserted above the
over using Knauf LEGITO heating system and then plastered over wet on wet
Special instructions
The background must be free from dust, dry, sufficient- The consistency should be set in such a way that the
ly absorptive and free from components that could heating pipes are included completely and there are
cause a lack of adhesion. no spaces in the plaster.
There should be sufficient “plaster-friendly” surface MP 75 G/F or LEGITO are plastered as single-layer
available, if necessary, use a plaster base. over two coats (wet in wet) as follows: ca. 5 mm apply
The heating pipes must be fixed to the background. c. 5 mm above the upper edge of the pipe evenly, then
Straight lengths of pipe, e.g. for component tempering draw out and embed in the mat reinforcement (e.g.
systems, should not exceed 5 m. Loops should be used PFT Gitex). Then again apply c. 5 mm, draw out and
if necessary. finish as a felt or smooth plaster.
In the case of pipe lengths > 2.5 m, on cambers When inserting the mat reinforcement, ensure that the
(90° - 180°) a PE insulating hose should be inserted so transitions from heated to non-heated surfaces over-
as to buffer any length changes to the pipe. lap the reinforcement by at least 20 cm, the overlap-
The lead temperature of the heating should not exceed ping of the mat reinforcement itself amounts to at
least 10 cm.
60 °C. The wall heating pipes must be under operating
The wall surfaces must be separated from adjacent
pressure and, when plastering should be operated at a
components, e.g. with Knauf Trenn-Fix, which must
room temperature or a low lead temperature (max. be applied prior to plastering. The protruding edge
25 °C). is cut flush after the plaster surface has been com-
If lead temperatures up to 70 °C are to be achieved, pleted. These separation joints must be dealt with by
e.g. with component tempering systems, a suitable the painter!
plaster base must be fitted above the pipes, e.g. Ar- At air temperatures greater than 10 °C, heating up
should be commenced immediately after plastering.
manet (Bekaert) with at least 20 cm overlapping in the
In doing so, the lead temperature should be main-
non-heated surfaces.
tained at 25 °C for at least 3 days

Heating and
Kapitelbezeichnung
cooling
Raumakustik
systems
Thermographic overview of the wall heating specimen, heated to 70°C.
Plastering a component tempering system with Knauf MP 75 G/F Tests at the university in Kassel to determine the
in a residential building modernisation maximum possible lead temperature of heating
systems in gypsum boards.
Then, the system is heated up to a lead temperature

of 50 °C and this must be maintained for 4 days.
After this 7-day heating process, the wall heating
can be switched off, whereby the plaster must be
protected from draughts and cooling down too
quickly until it has completely cooled off. The 1.
heating process (function heating) must be docu-
mented. In the case of construction site temperatures
between 2 and 10 °C, you can plaster on the max.
25 °C pre-tempered wall heating system.
The lead temperature must be maintained for a fur-
ther 3 days. You then increase the lead temperature
and proceed as described above.
Observe the guidelines of the Bundesverbandes
Flächenheizung e.V..
Observe the directives of the heating system manu- Pipework for
component tempering
facturer. Wall
Plaster
Wall Plaster
< RL
VL>
44_ 45
045

Renovating and Shaping Surfaces
Damaged and unsightly surfaces can be upgraded using gypsum-based, mineral
plasters. Existing backgrounds, like old plaster in need of renovation and old
paintwork, concrete surfaces, masonry and even tiles can be turned into high-
quality plaster surfaces. In doing so, plaster offers the advantage that new areas
to be created can be adapted both in level and angle to the given, partially
historically determined shapes.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Raumakustik
Renovation
Gypsum-based plasters are warm to touch, climate-regulating and open

to diffusion. “Cold” concrete surfaces can be upgraded with gypsum
plasters.
With similar surface and room temperatures between 18 °C and 20 °C,

plastered surfaces are considered to be warmer and more comfortable
– and you can also save energy.
The bonding gypsum plaster, Rotband, as a hand plaster representative
is almost predestined for such upgrading measures, you could also how-
ever use any MP 75 product or LEGITO. Also, with a finishing plaster
coating, e.g. with Universal- or Multi-Finish, you can also achieve a
homogenous surface. Multi-Finish can be drawn out to “0”, it is possible
to seal joints and lumps up to 40 mm – it is a finishing plaster and sur-
face filling compound at the same time.
The addition of colouring pigments enables a surface design in marble,
stucco or lustro technique. MultiFinish presents other creative possibili-
ties.
Gypsum plasters fulfil the fire protection function. In the case of fire
load, the water stored in the crystal structure is virtually freed as extin-
guishing water and form a fire-retardant vapour mist. (Fire protection
with gypsum, refer to page 64/65)
Using clay-based gypsum plaster

in renovation work
The properties and advantages of clay are known from half-timbered
houses where often clay bricks and clay plaster are used to fill the com-
partments. It is recommended for use in renovating historical structures
Depending on the type and flat-
with modern, ultra-efficient clay gypsum plaster.
ness of the background as well
In doing so, the advantageous properties of clay and gypsum, espe-
as on the desired surface design,
cially with regard to the increased requirements on living comfort, are
after renovation the following
combined. For renovation work, for high demands on living hygiene
different plastering systems could
and the room climate, we particularly recommend Knauf LEGITO.
be used:
Layer thickness (mm) Plastering system
0 to 3 Multi-Finish
Multi-Finish M
2 to 10 Universal-Finish
5 to 45 Rotband, Rotband pro
HP100, HP Felt,
Goldband
8 to 45 MP75, MP75 L
MP75 G/F, MP75 F,
MP75 L-F, MP75 GP
LEGITO
46_ 47
047

Surface Design with
Gypsum Plaster Structure
Knauf gypsum and gypsum lime plasters are not used just as backgrounds for accepting tiles, wallpaper
etc., but also have their very own surface decorative character. You can apply colours directly to smoothed
or even felted surfaces. Free structures, like trowel shapes, brush strokes etc. are also possible.
The path to a finished surface:

Smooth surface Free structure
Felting brings sufficient cream to the surface. After dull- to create free structures, the surface is initially drawn out
ing, the surface is smoothed in one or two smoothing cleanly without trowel marks. Depending on the struc-
processes by using a trowel or wide spatula. ture, you have to decide when the right point has been
reached for texturing the surface. It makes sense to test
Felt structure the texturing on a test area.
MP 75 G/F, MP 75 F, MP 75 L-F, HP Filz or Universal-
Finish are ideal plasters for creating felt structures. With
the initial felting (with the red pad) the surface is pre-tex-
tured. After the surface has turned dull, the fine sponge
float is used to create the desired felt plaster structure.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Surface
Raumakustik
design
Designing Surfaces
with Knauf Readygips
The mechanical processing of Knauf Readygips offers numerous possibilities for
sophisticated, fine or coarse surface structures. This way you can create indi-
vidual wall surfaces in an economic manner.
Mechanically spray Knauf Readygips (e.g.

with PFT SWING) with nozzles between 4 mm
and 6 mm and with suitable quantities of feed
and air in circular motions.
For a fine spray structure:
Fine nozzle, less output, slightly increased air
quantity.
For a rough to coarse spray structure:
Larger nozzle, slightly greater output, less air
quantity.
By carefully smoothing over the rough spots
you can individually redesign the spray struc-
ture.
After the first coat has dried out, the surface
can be designed with paint (e.g. dispersion
paint) by means of a roller or airless spray.
48_ 49
049

Surface Design with
Gypsum Plaster and Paint
After years of plainness, interior design is
now treading a new and exciting path. Life
has become colourful – colours as opposed
to monochrome, structures instead of monot-
ony.
You can implement new ideas and prove
your specialist competence as an all-round
“Rag rolling technique” “Terracotta” country house style
provider and innovator. Apply Multi-Finish and smooth Colour, apply and distribute
down well Knauf MP 75 G/F
After drying, apply the coloured Use a brush to lightly work
Multi-Finish thinly pure colouring pigment into
After setting, partially remove the fresh plaster
using a sponge or cloth As stiffening starts, use the
Seal the surface with Knauf Fine- wide spatula to draw out
Finish and slightly scarify
The most important advantages of design

with Knauf gypsum plasters and gypsum
filling compounds
Mechanical processing of the basic plaster
Optimum processing and smoothing properties
of Knauf Multi-Finish
Great aesthetics and design freedom right
to the end
Utmost efficiency

Kapitelbezeichnung
Surface
Raumakustik
design
The magic of colour

Colours are used in rooms to create moods. Rooms can visually appear
larger or smaller and irregularities can be compensated for. Gypsum
plasters can be coloured on site in virtually any shade. The mastering of
techniques and your creativity can tap infinite possibilities in colour and
surface design.
Basic plaster with
“smoothing techniques”
Apply Knauf MP 75 G/F or Three design materials
Universal-Finish Colour and
draw out porously
for an infinite number of possibilities
After the basic plaster has set, The design of the surface affects the basic structure (smoothed, felted,
cover once or twice with coloured
Multi-Finish freely textured), the colour and the applied technique. The images here
Seal the surface with show a small selection of the unlimited design possibilities at your fin-
Knauf Fine-Finish
gertips with Knauf gypsum plasters and filling compounds.
Complete design with gypsum building materials

These design techniques are based on Knauf gypsum plasters and gyp-
sum filing compounds – in this way, by colouring the reliable products
Knauf Multi-Finish, Knauf Universal-Finish or Knauf Mp 75 G/F with
colouring pigments and the respective processing technique, high-qual-
ity, you can create individual surface designs. If required, you can ap-
“Marbling” ply a final treatment with Knauf Fine-Finish for a silky, shiny, resistant
Apply Multi-Finish and smooth
down well surface.
Use a brush to paint on a
pure colouring pigment and
lightly work into the plaster Impressive price/performance ratio
Smooth several times
Seal the surface with By using standard materials and colouring pigments that are optimally
Knauf Fine-Finish co-ordinated, as well as Knauf Fine-Finish, you can achieve total design
freedom and utmost surface quality at favourable prices.
Knauf Fine-Finish
For the final treatment of smooth surfaces and to increase the longevity.
Surfaces treated with Knauf Fine-Finish are characterised by their deep
action and colour brilliance.
“Stucco/lustro effect””
Apply Multi-Finish and smooth
down well
After drying, apply three layers
of the coloured Multi-Finish as a
filling technique
After the last layer has set,
smooth over several times
Seal the surface with
Knauf Fine-Finish
50_ 51
051

Surface Quality
Quality levels “ready-to-paint, ready to brush, surface-ready, ready-
The desired levelled, smoothed or felted plaster sur- to-paper” etc. are used. Such terms do not precisely
faces as well as the required flatness tolerances are describe which surface quality or surface level the
often insufficiently described by the contractor in the contractor actually expects.
bill of quantities. For example, undefined terms like In practice, subjective standards are frequently applied
Quality level 1 Levelled plaster surface Smoothed plaster surface Felted plaster surface
Property/suitability Measurement Suitability of Measurement Suitability of Measurement
of the surface tolerance the surface tolerance the surface tolerance
Q1 Sealed
plaster surface
Q2 suitable , e.g. for: Standard suitable for: Standard Felted or scored plaster Standard
standard s$ECORATIVElNISHINGCOAT requirements s$ECORATIVElNISHINGCOAT requirements surfaces are suitable for: requirements
> 2,0 mm on flatness > 1.0 mm on flatness s-ATUNTEXTURED on flatness
s7ALLCOVERINGSn s-EDIUMTOCOARSE paint/coatings
ceramic, natural and structured wall coverings,
ARTIlCIALSTONEETC e.g. rough-textured Scored plaster surfaces
wallpaper (Grain RM or are also suitable for:
RG in accordance with
DIN 6742) s#OARSESTRUCTURED
s-ATlLLEDPAINTS wall coverings, e.g.
coatings (e.g. dispersion rough-textured wallpaper
paint), which is applied (Grain RG according to
using a coarse lambskin DIN 6742)
or structured roller
Q3 suitable , e.g. for: increased suitable , e.g. for : Standard Plaster surfaces of Standard
s$ECORATIVElNISHINGCOAT requirements s$ECORATIVElNISHINGCOAT requirements quality level 3 requirements
> 2,0 mm on flatness 2 > 1.0 mm on flatness are suitable for: on flatness
s7ALLCOVERINGSn s&INETEXTURED s-ATNON TEXTURED
Fine, ceramic, coarse- wall coverings paint/coatings
format tiles, glass, s-ATlNELYTEXTURED
NATURALANDARTIlCIAL paint/coatings
stone etc.
Q4 – – suitable, e.g. for smooth increased This quality level is increased

or textured wall coverings requirements achieved only by applying requirements
with shine, e.g.: on flatness 3 an Additional layer of onflatness 3
s-ETALVINYLORSILK decorative felt plaster, if
wallpapers necessary with paints/
s4RANSPARENTlNISHESOR coatings is achieved. The
paints/coatings up to rendering plaster must
medium shine correspond at least with
s4ROWELAND quality level 3 of level
smoothing techniques drawn out plasters
1
With quality levels Q2 to Q4, a type of execution “drawn out or smoothed or felted or scored” must always be named for producing the plaster surface, e.g. “Q2 – smoothed”
2
Execution with rendering plaster profiles or plaster strips
3
Generally speaking you should use rendering plaster profiles or plaster strips

Kapitelbezeichnung
Surface
Raumakustik
quality
for different properties. Alongside the flatness, these are Flatness tolerances
especially orientated on visual characteristics, e.g. inci- Even if increased requirements are placed on flatness,
dence of light on the plaster surface. deviations are permitted to a restricted degree. In the
The trade limits for design possibilities in the different case of incidence of light, uneven areas in the surface
quality levels and the schedule for this must be included should not be criticised if the tolerances in accordance
in the planning. with DIN 18202, table 3, line 7 are maintained.
Drawn out plaster surface Smoothed plaster surface Felted plaster surface
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Machine-applied plasters
MP 75 S F
MP 75 L S F
MP 75 G/F S F
MP 75 F S F
MP 75 L-F S F
MP 75 GP WITHlNALCOATPLASTER S F
Legito S F
Hand plastering/plaster of Paris
Rotband/Rotband pro S F
HP 100 S F
HP-Filz S F
Goldband S F
Finishing plasters
Multi-Finish/M
Universal-Finish S F
Board-Finish
Final Coat Plaster
Particularly suitable S Only with comprehensive reworking with filling compound,

e.g. Knauf Multifinish
Suitable
F Only with additional felt finishing coat
Unsuitable
Not possible
Relevant tolerances for plaster surfaces in accordance with table 3, DIN 18202
Column 1 2 3 4 5 6
Permissible actual dimensions in mm with
Line Component/function measuring point distances in m up to
0,1 1 4 10 15
5 Walls and the underneath of basic ceilings that are not ready to surface 5 10 15 25 30
6 Walls and the underneath of ceilings that are ready 3 5 10 20 25
to surface e.g. plastered walls, architectural concrete,
architectural masonry, wall claddings, suspended ceilings,
light partition walls, furrings
7 As line 6, however with increased requirements 2 3 8 15 20
52_ 53
053

Pre-treatment for Coatings and Claddings
Backgrounds for tiles Checking the background prior to tiling

Gypsum as a background for tile coverings: With a time- The tiling background must be dry and dust-free. Use the
restricted, low incidence of moisture – e.g. from the am- CM device, check to see if the moisture content lies at 1
bient air – plaster backgrounds are capable of absorb- % of weight. The background must also be checked in
ing moisture quickly so as to later emit it into the room´s accordance with VOB part C, DIN 18352, par. 3.2.
air when the relative air humidity lowers. A small amount
of splash water, e.g. in the area of washbasins, is also Tile adhesive
unproblematic for gypsum plaster. Prior to applying the tile adhesive using the thin-bed
method, the tile base is primed with Knauf Deep-Pene-
We essentially differentiate between three utilisation trating Primer. A pre-treatment with Knauf Flächendicht
areas: is required for the splash water area, e.g. behind the
1. Dry rooms. bath and the shower. Sealant tape must be worked into
2. Damp rooms, like bathrooms, comparable rooms in the corner and connection areas.
hotels and hospitals, residential kitchens and WCs. Also
belonging to this group are wet areas in these rooms, The tiles are adhered to the surface using ready-to-use
like baths and showers. dispersion adhesive or with cement-bound adhesives.
3. Wet rooms, like public swimming pools, showers with- Use Knauf Flexkleber or Knauf Bau- und Fliesenkleber
out cubicles, breweries, slaughter houses etc. (construction and tile adhesive) with Knauf Elast in the
splash water area.
Gypsum plasters can be used in the damp areas under
The adhesive is drawn out horizontally in the area of the
points 1 and 2 in accordance with DIN V 18550. Gyp-
top-most row of tiles. The tiles are pointed using, for ex-
sum backgrounds are generally impractical for wet
ample, Knauf Joint Mortar. All internal corners and con-
rooms.
nection joints at doors, joints between walls and floor,
Plaster processing installations etc. must be sealed with a waterproof, long-
Gypsum plasters are applied as a single layer with a term elastic sealant, e.g. Knauf Sanitärsilikon (sanitary
minimum thickness of 10 mm. Considering increased re- silicon).
quirements are usually placed on flatness (flushness), it is
recommended that you also use bedding dots. The sur-
face is merely levelled and drawn out using the trueing
device so that you achieve a firm surface. Not felting
and/or smoothing. Installations must be separated from
the plaster.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Special
Raumakustik
instructions
Proper Processing
Gypsum plasters are suitable for taking claddings, wallpaper, decorative plasters as well as dispersion or mineral-
bound paints.
The priming is a component of the coating system and should be coordinated to work with the coating in question.
The following standards and leaflets must be observed: VOB part C, DIN 18363 Painting and coating work and
DIN 18366 Application of decorative coverings on walls and ceilings, BFS leaflet no.10 (Coatings, wallpaper and
adhesive work on internal plaster) and BFS leaflet no.16 (Technical guidelines for wallpapering and adhesive
work).
Plaster thickness in accordance Drying out

with DIN V 18550 The drying out depends on the moisture in the back-
According to DIN V 18550, the average plaster thick- ground, the plaster thickness, the room humidity and the
ness in the internal area amounts to 15 mm (permissible room air temperature. In order for the plaster to dry out
minimum thickness 10 mm). In the case of single-layer quickly, you must ensure sufficient ventilation in the
internal plasters made of factory-dried mortars, 10 mm rooms. The drying out time depends on the above-men-
will suffice (permissible minimum thickness 5 mm), pro- tioned criteria, with around 10 mm plaster thickness you
vided no other stipulations are made regarding the prod- can reckon on an average of 7 to 14 days.
uct. The respective permissible minimum thickness must If the plaster, e.g. on account of lack of air, cannot dry
be restricted to individual areas and should not fall short out, then a dense, non-absorptive coating will form on
of the tape conduits. In the case of fabric inserts, metal the plaster surface. This coating, even with a subsequent
plaster bases and excelsior light building slabs, the mini- ventilation, makes it very difficult to dry out the plaster
mum plaster thickness above the plaster base is 15 mm and must therefore be removed. This usually takes place
(refer to the respective chapter for this). by sanding off the surface.
If, in the case of greater plaster thickness, two layers of
plaster is required, this first layer must be drawn out Plastering in winter
roughly. The generally valid rules for construction can be applied
After hardening and drying out, Knauf Suction Block to plastering work in winter only conditionally. At the
(1:3) is used to prime the area. After drying out, the time of processing, primers and watery mortar systems
second plaster layer can be applied. A plaster thickness can be destroyed by the effects of frost.
of 15 mm should not be exceeded on ceiling surfaces. A
With internal plastering work in buildings, this should be
single-layer plaster must be applied here. If plaster thick-
commenced only when it is certain that the temperature
ness >15 mm is required, you must use a metal plaster
of the internal rooms and the plaster background is not
base. The finishing plasters and skim coats are not yet
below 5 °C or that during the plastering work and in the
standardised. You can derive the plaster thickness for
24 hours afterwards the temperature will not fall below
these from the product instructions.
this.
Plaster corrections In order for the temperature to be assured also on the
In the case of any required plaster surface corrections, component surfaces, the rooms in the winter months must
ensure the plaster surface has hardened and is dry be- be heated up and ventilated for at least 3 to 4 weeks
fore the compensating coat (e.g. Knauf Multi-Finish) is prior to the start of plastering.
applied. A pre-treatment with Knauf Deep-Penetrating
Primer is required.
54_ 55
055

Proper Processing
Air tightness in attic extensions
Lathing Gypsum board Thermal insulation Gypsum board

Rafters Rafters
Rib mesh Pre-compressed
Air tightness layer Air tightness layer
Internal Thermal insulation sealing tape Lathing
plaster Internal plaster
Spanning wall slots Plaster profiles

Wall slits can be sealed using gypsum plaster, if it is as- Edge trims are used to ensure a mechanical protection of
sured that pipework has been sufficiently the edges. It is state-of-the-art technology that the profile
insulated and there are sufficient bonding areas. A fab- is positioned above the overall height of the wall. The
ric insert, e.g. PFT Gitex, is required in the plaster. If setting of profiles is a special service and must be paid
necessary, slots can be sealed with a plaster base e.g. for separately.
rib mesh, whereby with rib mesh the bearing direction of
the ribs must be taken into consideration. The open dim- Material transitions
ples must be turned towards the plaster side. If the slot is All transitions between different materials primarily re-
sealed using lime-and-cement mortar, ensure that the quire a fabric insert in the plaster so as to take any pos-
lime-and-cement mortar is dry prior to plastering so as to sible tensions from the different expansion behaviours
avoid cement bacillus. (temperature and moisture) ( refer also to point “Fabric
insert”).
Air tightness in attic extensions
The requirements on air tightness in attics have conse- Fabric insert
quences on the plaster execution. The synthetic foil can Fabric has the task of absorbing tensile forces that arise
be placed directly in the internal plaster (fig. Ii.) or fixed from the background. Suitable fibreglass fabrics, e.g.
afterwards to the plaster by means of pre-compressed PFT Gitex, should have a mesh of c. 5 mm. To ensure the
sealing tape (fig. re.). It must be ensured that the plaster fabric is worked well into the plaster, the fabric is insert-
has been drawn up to a sufficient height in order for ed on the crack-risk side, i.e. generally in the upper half
enough plaster surface to be available above the room´s of the plaster. The plaster is applied in a 10 mm layer,
cladding. In any case, it is better for the plaster to be the fabric is inserted and then plastered over with a 5
applied before the dry construction work. mm thick layer. The mortar consistency of both coats must
be the same. The process must take place wet in wet.
Hot rolled asphalt A fabric cannot definitely prevent cracks, but can merely
If hot rolled asphalt is to be laid after plastering, ensure minimise the susceptibility to cracks as well as the crack
sufficient cross ventilation in order to avoid thermal stress width. You must furthermore note that the fabric is merely
(use fans). a plaster reinforcement, it should not be used as a plas-

Kapitelbezeichnung
Special
Raumakustik
instructions
Separating wall plaster from the ceiling
ter base. The overlapping of individual tracks in the case to become a liquid and – only apparently – processible.
of an all-over use amounts to 10 cm. The fabric must be Containers and tools must be cleaned immediately with
inserted an extra 20 cm across the surface of material water. Remaining residue could considerably reduce the
transitions. processing time of the following mix.
Structural joints Disposal of gypsum waste

Structural joints in supporting components of the building Waste that contains gypsum is classified according to
must be executed in the plaster at the same point and different waste key numbers. We differentiate between
across the entire width whilst using suitable profiles. waste with a high and low gypsum content. Depending
on the local directives, gypsum construction waste is dis-
Separating cuts posed of at waste tips which correspond in the Technical
Separating cuts must be arranged for components that Instruction Communal Waste to waste class I or II. You
are not strongly connected. In the area of ceiling-wall, can obtain more information from the Environmental In-
the top-most concrete ceiling must have a separating cut. vestigation Agency of the Bundesverbands der Gips- und
This separating cut can be executed using a gypsum Gipsplattenindustrie.
saw, vertically or horizontally (if only wall plaster has
been applied). However, it is better to stick self-adhesive
separating strips (Knauf Trenn-Fix) to the neighbouring
component and to plaster against this. The insertion of
separating strips or the separating cut with the gypsum
saw are special services and must be tendered by the
architects and paid for separately.
General processing information

Factory-dried mortar should not be mixed with other ma-
terials, because, under some circumstances, this could
considerably affect its properties. You should not further
process set material, not by adding water or agitating it
56_ 57
057

Knauf
Executing the inner face of windows
Finishing Plaster Inner face directly coated
When using finishing plasters, some details

must be considered already at the planning
stages and finally at the execution.
Knauf
Finishing plaster
Corner trim
Pre-compressed sealing tape
Special timber battens
Thermal insulation material
Connection to window frames Open joints

If the distance between the window frames and window Normal joints (3 mm) can be plastered without any spe-
inner face is negligible (i.e. less than 10 mm), then the cial pre-treatment. Larger joints, breaks and cable chan-
finishing plaster is applied either in the standard layer nels must initially be sealed with finishing plaster or
thickness and the transition to the window profile sealed patch mortar of the respective stone manufacturer.
with a timber batten (see sketch) or the plaster is applied
at the required thickness up to 10 mm. Shutter boxes
With greater tolerances (a < 25 mm) you should work Shutter boxes made of wood-wool building slabs are
according to the illustrations here. plastered directly, and non-absorptive backgrounds, like,
for example, plastic, can be plastered after pre-treating
Flatness tolerances with Betokontakt. The plaster stop rails should have a
The requirement on the flatness of wall surfaces is regu- flange length of merely 3 – 5 mm. In the case of a miss-
lated in DIN 18202. The difference between the meas- ing rail, you should insert one for plaster thickness
urement tolerances for walls that are ready to surface 3 – 5 mm, factory-fitted rails of 10 mm must be replaced.
and those that are not amounts to 5 mm. If measurement When plastering, a fabric (PFT Gitex) must be inserted
tolerances, which are permitted according to DIN 18202 as you would with machine-applied plaster.
but cannot be compensated for with finishing plaster, are
established then the property developer and the architect
must be informed of this.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Special
Raumakustik
instructions
Executing the inner face of windows

Installation guide
Knauf
Finishing plaster
Corner trim
Gypsum board
Pre-compressed sealing tape
Thermal insulation material
Installation guide
It is preferable to lay heating and sanitation lines in in-
stallation shafts, or furrings should be planned in. Elec-
tric lines must be laid in milled slits or in cavities that al-
ready exist. The slits must be sealed prior to the actual
plastering work.
Door frames Door frames
The rim width of door frames must be adapted to the

plaster thickness. While aluminium and wood frames are
usually variable in terms of opening, steel frames must
be ordered according to the necessary width.
Seal mortar
c. 3 mm finishing plaster
Pressed steel door frame
58_ 59
059

Fire Protection with Gypsum
In the case of concrete components, the simplest form of a fire protection cladding is to apply a layer of gypsum
plaster. The gypsum layer has, on the one side, the task of preventing the temperature from increasing too quickly on
the reinforcement (with the aid of the concrete covering) and, on the other hand, increasing the minimum cross-sec-
tional dimensions, especially in the case of columns and supports. Gypsum plaster mortar or mortar group P IV can
be applied without a plaster base. DIN 4102-4 regulates further details.
Gypsum plaster on concrete Gypsum plaster on concrete

without a plaster base with non-combustible plaster bases
In the case of gypsum plasters without a plaster base, the Gypsum plaster on non-combustible plaster bases can be
adhesion of the plaster must be ensured by means of a used if the following conditions are fulfilled:
suitable background or by additional treatment. It is en- a) The plaster base must be sufficiently anchored to the
sured, if the background component that is being protected, e.g. by bolting on
a) complies with the requirements of DIN V 18550, or lashing – also with the aid of spacer steel strips.
b) maintains a thickness of 5 mm with a fully covering b) The span of the plaster base must be ) 500 mm.
spray coating according to DIN V 18550 and c) Joints of plaster bases must be executed with an over-
c) it consists of concrete and/or interim components of lapping width of around 10 cm; the individual plaster
the following type: base tracks must be lashed with wire.
– concrete according to DIN 1045 whilst applying d) The plaster must penetrate through the plaster base by
standard shuttering, e.g. using wood shuttering, * 10 mm.
steel shuttering or plastic-coated sheeting.
– concrete in accordance with DIN 1045 in associa- If using gypsum plasters on non-combustible plaster bas-
tion with interim components according to DIN 4158, es of mortar group P IV a, P IV b and P IV c according to
DIN 4159 and DIN 278. DIN 18550-2, an 8 mm plaster thickness equates to a
– porous light concrete, e.g. pumice concrete. 10 mm normal concrete thickness.
– porous concrete.
Wire fabric, beaded wire fabric or rib mesh are suitable
If you are using gypsum plaster mortars without a plaster as non-combustible plaster bases. Special designs for
base of the mortar group P IV a and b in accordance supports and columns are handled in DIN 4102-4, sec-
with DIN 18550, 10 mm plaster thickness can be con- tions 3.13 and 3.14.
sidered equal to 10 mm normal concrete thickness.

Kapitelbezeichnung
Special
Raumakustik
instructions
Clamp fixing Screw fixing

Spacers Mesh/wire fabric
Stirrup
Rib mesh
U/A Minimum plaster thickness d in mm over plaster base

Gypsum plasters
if using plaster from mortar group P IV a (MP 75)
on steel supports and columns or P IV b (MP75L, Rotband, Rotband pro, Goldband, HP100)
Gypsum plasters can be inserted on non-combustible Fire resistance class
plaster bases or, if permission has been granted, even m-1 F 30 F 60 F 90 F 120 F 180
directly on steel to create greater fire resistance classes. <90 5 5 15 15 25
A corrosion protection must have been applied to the 90 – 119 5 5 15 25 –
steel parts. Plaster claddings of steel supports with plas- 120 – 179 5 15 15 25 –
ter bases made of rib mesh, mesh or wire fabric must
180 – 300 5 15 25 – –
include the spacers shown in the sketches in the adja-
cent tables or something that has a similar effect so as to
ensure the plaster penetrates the plaster base by at least
10 mm. Plaster bases must be sufficiently fixed to the Edge protection
Wire fabric
steel supports. Refer to DIN 4102-4, issue 03.94, sec- Rib mesh – binding wire 500 mm
tion 6.2.2 (supports) or 6.3.4 (columns) for more infor- Core, or lined or filled with concrete
smoothed plaster 5 mm
mation. Round steel Ø 5 mm
The required minimum plaster thickness can be derived

from the tables in dependence on the fire resistance
class.
Minimum thickness
of plasters on clad steel supports
Minimum plaster thickness d in mm over plaster base (rib
mesh, mesh or wire fabric) according to the adjacent
sketch, total plaster thickness D * d + 10 mm when us-
ing plaster from mortar group P IV a or P IV b according
to DIN 18550-2.
U/A Minimum plaster thickness d in mm over plaster base
Minimum thickness of plasters Fire resistance class
on clad steel columns m-1 F 30 F 60 F 90 F 120 F 180
The minimum plaster thickness d in mm over plaster base <90 10 10 35 35 45
(rib mesh, mesh or wire fabric) according to the adja- 90 – 119 10 20 35 45 60
cent sketch, if using plaster from mortar group P IV a or
120 – 179 10 20 45 45 60
P IV b according to DIN 18550-2.
180 – 300 10 20 45 60 60
60_ 61
061

Technical and Physical Data Relating to the Construction
Machines and hand plastering
MP 75 L MP 75 G/F - Top MP 75 MP 75 L-F MP 75 F
Quality Machine-applied plaster Machine-applied plaster Machine-applied plaster Machine-applied plaster Machine-applied plaster
Mortar group Gypsum plaster P IV Gypsum lime plaster P IV Gypsum plaster P IV Gypsum lime plaster P IV Gypsum lime
(DIN 185550): plaster P IV
Name DIN EN 13279-1 B4 / 50 / 2 B4 / 50 / 2 B4 / 50 / 2 B4 / 50 / 2 B4 / 50 / 2
Average plaster 10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum

thickness: thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm)
Bulk weight: C. 800 kg/m3 C. 950 kg/m3 C. 1.000 kg/m3 C. 850 kg/m3 C. 1.300 kg/m3
Grade: up to 1.2 mm up to 1.2 mm up to 1.2 mm up to 1.2 mm up to 1.2 mm
Coverage: 100 kg = c. 125 l 100 kg = c. 110 l 100 kg = c. 100 l 100 kg = c. 105 l 100 kg = c. 85 l
mortar mortar mortar mortar mortar
Consumption: 0.8 kg/mm and m2 0.95 kg/mm and m2 1.0 kg/mm and m2 1.0 kg/mm and m2 1.20 kg/mm and m2
Drying out: (depending on Average c. 14 days Average c. 14 days Average c. 14 days Average c. 14 days Average c. 14 days
the plaster thickness, room
moisture, room tempera-
ture and ventilation)
Ball indentation hardness: 6 N/mm2 4 N/mm2 8 N/mm2 5 N/mm2 5 N/mm2
Strength in flexure: 1.2 N/mm2 1.0 N/mm2 1.4 N/mm2 1.2 N/mm2 1.0 N/mm2
Compressive strength: > 2.5 N/mm2 > 2.0 N/mm2 > 3.5 N/mm2 > 2.0 N/mm2 > 2.0 N/mm2
Unit weight: C. 1.000 kg/m3 C. 1.050 kg/m3 C. 1.100 kg/m3 C. 1.100 kg/m3 C. 1.200 kg/m3
Vapour diffusion C. 5 C. 8 C. 8 C. 5 C. 8
resistance µ:
Thermal conductivity Ï: 0.28 W/mk 0.35 W/mk 0.35 W/mk 0.40 W/mk 0.58 W/mk
Fire protection For the use of concrete covering, the reinforcement applies to the mortar groups P IV:
10 mm plaster thickness = substitute thickness for 10 mm normal concrete.
Surface structure Smooth Smooth, felted, Smooth Felted, Felted,

textured textured textured textured textured

Kapitelbezeichnung
Technical
Raumakustik
data
MP 75 GP Rotband Rotband Pro HP 100 HP Filz Goldband
Machine-applied plaster Bonding gypsum plaster Bonding gypsum plaster Bonding gypsum plaster Bonding gypsum plaster Ready-mixed mortar
Lime-gypsum plaster P Gypsum plaster P IV Gypsum plaster P IV Gypsum plaster P IV Gypsum plaster P IV Gypsum plaster P IV
IV
– B4 / 20 / 2 B4 / 20 / 2 B4 / 20 / 2 B5 / 20 / 2 B4 / 20 / 2
10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum 10 mm (minimum

thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm) thickness 8 mm)
C. 1.300 kg/m 3 C. 730 kg/m3 C. 750 kg/m3 C. 730 kg/m3 C. 950 kg/m3 C. 780 kg/m3
up to 1.2 mm up to 1.2 mm up to 0.8 mm up to 1.2 mm up to 1.2 mm up to 1.2 mm
100 kg = c. 85 l 100 kg = c. 125 l 100 kg = c. 130 l 100 kg = c. 125 l 100 kg = c. 95 l mortar 100 kg = c. 120 l
mortar mortar mortar mortar mortar
1.20 kg/mm and m2 0.8 kg/mm and m2 0.8 kg/mm and m2 0.8 kg/mm and m2 1.1 kg/mm and m2 0.85 kg/mm and m2
Average c. 14 days Longer than 7 days Longer than 7 days Longer than 7 days Longer than 7 days Average c. 14 days
3 N/mm 2 N/mm2 7 N/mm2 6 N/mm2 9 N/mm2 9 N/mm2
1.0 N/mm 2 1.4 N/mm2 1.0 N/mm2 1.3 N/mm2 1.5 N/mm2 1.4 N/mm2
> 2.0 N/mm 2 > 3.0 N/mm2 > 3.5 N/mm2 > 3.0 N/mm2 > 3.0 N/mm2 > 3.0 N/mm2
C. 1.200 kg/m 3 C. 950 kg/m3 C. 870 kg/m3 C. 950 kg/m3 C. 1.200 kg/m3 C. 1.000 kg/m3
C. 8 C. 5 C. 5 C. 5 C. 6 C. 5
0.70 W/mk 0.25 W/mk 0.25 W/mk 0.25 W/mk 0.40 W/mk 0.25 W/mk
For the use of concrete covering, the reinforcement applies to the mortar groups P IV:
10 mm plaster thickness = substitute thickness for 10 mm normal concrete.
Drawn out Smooth Smooth Smooth Felted Smooth

textured textured textured textured textured
62_ 63
063

Technical Data and Building Physics Characteristics
Finishing plaster, skim coat and special plaster
Universal-Finish Multi-Finish/ Porous Concrete-Finish Board-Finish

Multi-Finish M
Mortar group Gypsum lime plaster Gypsum plaster Gypsum plaster Gypsum plaster
Name DIN EN 13279-1 C6 / 20 / 2 C6 / 20 / 2 C6 / 20 / 2 C6 / 20 / 2
Average plaster thickness: 4 mm (minimum 2 mm (minimum 3 mm (minimum 2 mm (minimum

thickness 2 mm) thickness 0 mm) thickness 2 mm) thickness 2 mm)
Bulk weight: 1050 kg/m 3 1000 kg/m3 1.000 kg/m3 ca. 850 kg/m3
Grade: up to 0.6 mm up to 0.2 mm up to 0.2 mm up to 0.2 mm
Coverage: 100 kg = c. 110 l mortar 100 kg = c. 125 l mortar 100 kg = c. 120 l mortar 100 kg = c. 120 l mortar
Consumption: ~1.0 kg pro mm ~1.0 kg pro mm ~1.0 kg pro mm ~1.0 kg pro mm
Drying out: (depending on the Average c. 14 days C. 1 – 2 days C. 2 days Average c. 2 days
plaster thickness, room mois-
ture, room temperature and
ventilation)
Ball indentation hardness: > 3 N/mm 2 > 6 N/mm2 > 6 N/mm2 > 6 N/mm2
Strength in flexure: > 1.0 N/mm 2 > 1.0 N/mm2 > 1.0 N/mm2 > 1.0 N/mm2
Compressive strength: > 2.0 N/mm 2 > 2.5 N/mm2 > 2.5 N/mm2 > 2.5 N/mm2
Unit weight: 870 kg/m 3 920 kg/m3 960 kg/m3 920 kg/m3
Vapour diffusion resistance µ: C. 8 C. 8 C. 8 C. 8
Thermal conductivity Ï: 0.35 W/mk 0.35 W/mk 0.35 W/mk 0.35 W/mk
Surface structure Smooth/felted/textured Smooth Smooth Very smooth
Other information

Kapitelbezeichnung
Technical
Raumakustik
data
LEGITO Plaster of Paris/gypsum plaster Moulding plaster
Clay-based gypsum plaster
B5 (following standards
DIN EN 13279)
10 mm
900 kg/m 3 850 kg/m3 900 kg/m3
up to 1.2 mm up to 1.25 mm up to 0.2 mm
100 kg = c. 110 l mortar
~0,9 kg pro mm ~1.0 kg pro mm
C. 14 – 20 days
>4 N/mm3 16 N/mm3 14 N/mm3
>1.0 N/mm3 3.5 N/mm3 3.0 N/mm3
>2.5 N/mm 3 11 N/mm3 5.0 N/mm3
~1.000 kg/m3 1.090 kg/m3 1.200 kg/m3
C. 4
0.30 W/mk
smooth/felted/textured
Degree of whiteness > 79 %
64_ 65
065

DIN Standards
VOB part A - DIN 1960 General terms for the allocation of construction procedures
VOB part B - DIN 1961 Contractual terms for the execution of construction procedures
VOB part C - DIN 18299 General conditions of contract for the execution of building works (ATV) – General regulations for construction work of all types
VOB part C - DIN 18350 General conditions of contract for the execution of building works (ATV) - Plastering and rendering
DIN EN 13168 Factory made wood wool (WW)
DIN 1102 Installation of DIN 1101 wood wool slabs and sandwich composite panels DIN 1101
DIN EN 13963 Jointing materials for gypsum plasterboards – definitions, requirements and test methods
DIN 1168-1 Building plasters – term and definition, types and applications, delivery and marking
DIN 1168-2 Building plasters – requirements, testing, control
DIN EN 13279-1 Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters – part 1 definitions and requirements
DIN EN 13279-2 Gypsum binders and gypsum plasters – part 2 test methods
DIN 4102-4 Fire behaviour of building materials and building components
DIN 4108 Thermal protection in buildings
DIN 4109 Sound insulation in buildings
DIN 4181 Suspended wire plaster ceilings
DIN 18156 Materials for ceramic tiling by the thin-bed method
DIN 18157 Laying ceramic tiling by the thin-bed method
DIN EN 13163 Factory-made products of expanded polystyrene (EPS)
DIN 18195 Waterproofing of buildings and structures
DIN 18201 Tolerances in building construction – terms, principles, application, test
DIN 18202 Tolerances in building construction
DIN 18352 Tile laying works
DIN 18363 Painting – coating works
DIN 18366 Wall paper hanging
DIN V 18550 Rendering and plastering systems – execution
DIN 18555 Methods of test for mineral bonding agents (part 6: adhesive strength)
DIN 18557 Factory mortar – production, control and delivery
DIN EN 13914-2 Design, preparation and application of external rendering and internal plastering

Standards/Technical
Kapitelbezeichnung
Raumakustik
Manuals
Technical Manuals
Bonding mortars for gypsum plasters and gypsum-based plasters. 1)
Gypsum plaster and plaster containing gypsum on concrete. 1)
Internal plaster surfaces. Quality levels for drawn out, smooth and felted plasters 1)
Plastering window connection foils 1)
Refer also to the leaflet for laying and plastering excelsior boards and excelsior laminated boards in accordance with DIN EN 13168. 2)
Leaflet no. 10. Coatings, wallpaper and adhesive work on internal plaster. 3)
Leaflet no. 16. Technical guidelines for wallpapering. 3)
Leaflet B – BSF bill of quantities for tendering painting and wallpapering. 3)
Leaflet no. 201. Assessing the background for plastering work, measures to remedy damages. 3)
Leaflet no. 191. Cracks in plastered and unplastered masonry, in gypsum plaster boards and similar materials on substructures.
Causes and processing possibilities. 3)
Plastering on porous concrete in masonry. Bundesverband der Porenbeton-Industrie, Wiesbaden. 4)
Thin-layer plastering internally. 2)
Behaviour of machine-applied gypsum plaster as a straightening and preliminary plastering in tile coverings applied using the thin-bed method
in the application area of damp rooms. Testimonials of the Säure-Fliesner-Vereinigung Großburgwedel. 6)
Tests on the bonding behaviour of wall claddings made of ceramic tiles on Knauf machine-applied gypsum plaster MP 75 with differing load conditions.
Testimonials of the Fliesenberatungsstelle Großburgwedel. 6)
Where to put gypsum waste. 2)
Setting up conditions for construction containers without pressure. 2)
Guidelines for planning and executing the sealing of components that come in contact with the earth with synthetically modified bitumen coatings. 5)
Sources:
1) Industriegruppe Baugipse im Bundesverband der Gips- und Gipsplattenindustrie e.V., Birkenweg 13, 64295 Darmstadt,
$EUTSCHER3TUCKGEWERBEBUNDIM:ENTRALVERBAND$EUTSCHES"AUGEWERBE+RONENSTRAE "ERLIN -ITTE
2) Bundesverband der Gips- und Gipsbauplattenindustrie, Darmstadt, Birkenweg 13, 64295 Darmstadt
3) Bundesausschuss Farbe und Sachwertschutz, Vilbeler Lanstraße 255, 60388 Frankfurt
4) Bundesverband der Porenbeton-Industrie e.V., Wiesbaden. Dostojewski Str. 10, 65187 Wiesbaden
5) Deutsche Bauchemie e.V. , Katlstr. 21, 60329 Frankfurt
6) Knauf Gips KG, Am Bahnhof 7, 97346 Iphofen. Merkblatt Gips auf Beton
66_ 67
067

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p10 Putze Engl 23022009 Screen

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07/2007

Knauf Plastering Systems

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 1 23.02.2009 17:21:28 Uhr

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 2 23.02.2009 17:21:29 Uhr

Knauf internal plasters -

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 3 23.02.2009 17:21:34 Uhr

Environmental responsibility – Knauf treads several routes

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 4 23.02.2009 17:21:42 Uhr

Gypsum offers outstanding properties of building biology for a comfortable

They offer a whole host of surface design opportunities: from aesthetically-pleas-

Recommended in terms of building biology

Certified quality according to EN ISO 9001

Waste gas channel Circulating gas channel Conveyor

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 5 23.02.2009 17:21:59 Uhr

MP 75 L Processing Material characteristics Consumption

MP 75 Processing Material characteristics Consumption

la ster light MP 75 L-F Processing Material characteristics Consumption

laster MP 75 F Processing Material characteristics Consumption

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 6 23.02.2009 17:22:02 Uhr

The Rotband Family

Rotband pro bonding mortar Processing Material characteristics Consumption

Surface: Can be stored for around 3 months

Bonding mortar HP 100 Processing Material characteristics Consumption

Single-layer, for walls and ceilings Processing time: Material no.

Surface: Can be stored for around 3 months

Bonding mortar HP Filz Processing Material characteristics Consumption

Goldband Processing Material characteristics Consumption

Single-layer on all types of masonry Processing time: Material no.

Surface: Can be stored for around 3 months

* Mechanical processing only after consultation

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 7 23.02.2009 17:22:07 Uhr

Multi-Finish Application area Processing Consumption

Multi-Finish M Application area Processing Consumption

Universal-Finish Application area Processing Consumption

Board-Finish Application area Processing Consumption

Can be stored for around 6 months

Final Coat Plaster Application area Processing Consumption

Can be stored for around 6 months

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 8 23.02.2009 17:22:09 Uhr

Products for Special Application Areas

LEGITO Application area Processing Consumption

Can be stored for

MP 75 GP Material characteristics Processing Consumption

Processing time: Material no.

Regional delivery only

Rocaso Moulding Plaster Application area Processing Consumption

Plaster of Paris/gypsum plaster Processing Material characteristics Consumption

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 9 23.02.2009 17:22:11 Uhr

Betokontakt Application area Processing Consumption

Background Application area Processing Consumption

Suction block Application area Processing Consumption

Primer Application area Processing Consumption

Sealant Application area Processing Consumption

Can be stored for around 12 months

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 10 23.02.2009 17:22:13 Uhr

The components must be protected

The condition of the background is of considerable importance to the plaster

If the topmost ceiling of a building is to be plastered, so as to prevent condensa-

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 11 23.02.2009 17:22:13 Uhr

P10_Putze_engl_23022009.indd 12 23.02.2009 17:22:15 Uhr

Impregnation test CM device

Masonry Wood chip block

Excelsior light building slabs Foam glass