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Communication
1.0.0 Introduction
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Seminar Report Powerline
Communication
because it’s already in your home. Internet access through Digital
Powerline would be at (at least) 1Mbps, 20 times faster than a standard
phone/modem connection.
1.1.0 History
The technology has roots going back to the 1940s.It has been
used by power utilities for simple telemetering and control of electrical
equipment in their networks.
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Communication
separate signals. The CU sends electricity to the outlets in the home and
data signals to a communication module or "service unit". The service unit
provides multiple channels for data, voice, etc. Base station servers at local
electricity substations connect to the Internet via fiber or broadband coaxial
cable. The end result is similar to a neighborhood local area network.
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Communication
These base stations typically serve approximately 50
customers, providing over 20 MHz of usable spectrum to near end
customers and between 6 and 10 MHz of useable spectrum to far end
customers. The server operates via IP to create a LAN type environment for
each local service area.
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Seminar Report Powerline
Communication
The high pass filter facilitates two way data traffic to and from
the customer premise. Data signals flow through the CDP to the customer’s
service unit via standard coaxial cable.
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Seminar Report Powerline
Communication
1.3.0 CASE STUDY
Digital Powerline
technology was
first tested in a
public setting at
the Seymour Park
Primary School in
Manchester, UK.
Twelve PCs were
connected to a
single Digital Powerline outlet. Dedicated high-speed access to the Internet
turned out to be a great success in the eyes of students and teachers.Nortel’s
Digital Powerline web site quotes Seymour Head teacher, Jenny Dunn;
"The high speed connection really lets us take advantage of the educational
potential of the Internet. With a normal connection the children could lose
interest waiting for pages to download. The new system means information
arrives virtually instantaneously, thereby maximizing teaching time and
keeping children on task. This set is amazingly flexible in educational
terms, and not only gives us the additional medium with which to improve
standards, but prepares us for the National Grid for Learning."
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Seminar Report Powerline
Communication
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Communication
The Home Plug Powerline Alliance (HPA), a U.S. consortium
of 90 members, including such high-tech giants as Cisco, Intel, Motorola,
and Hewlett-Packard is working on technology to link appliances such as
TVs, computers and cookers via the home electrical system.
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Communication
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Communication
for fast delivery of video and audio data. There is no topology limitation for
power lines.
The Nortel web site predicts, "It could also be feasible to have
an Internet address for every plug in the house, through which you could e-
mail, for example: ‘fridge@home’ and study the picture relayed by the
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Communication
video camera to see what shopping you require; or you could remotely turn
the lights off and the burglar alarm on using your own password."
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1.7.3 Security
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This can be solved by either using repeaters or dynamic chang
of frequencies.
Soon after the first trials of Digital Powerline in the UK, some
unanticipated problems arose. Certain radio frequencies were suddenly
deluged with traffic, making it impossible to transmit on those frequencies.
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BBC, amateur radio, and the UK’s emergency broadcasting service were
affected. The apparent culprits were standard light poles. Then it became
clear that by pure chance British light poles were the perfect size and shape
to broadcast Digital Powerline signals. This situation posed problems not
just because of the frequencies involved but also because anyone could
listen in on the traffic. Nor.Web is addressing the problem by proposing to
lease the frequencies involved from their owners and offering amateur
radio operators a new frequency. Negotiations on this topic are currently
taking place in London. The privacy issue has not been fully addressed at
this point, besides suggestions that all sensitive information should be
encrypted.
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Communication
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Communication
The most recent telecommunications act has tried to make it
easier for all types of telecommunications firms to sell local services and
long distance services. However, Regional Bells actually have control over
local lines and charge other companies who place calls on their lines. Many
of the larger phone companies have sought to get around these charges by
building or leasing their own networks to connect to local points. Digital
Powerline is an existing network that fits those needs. Expect to see smaller
telecommunications companies partnering with electrical utilities to
provide alternative local phone service.
PLC abroad
Proof that the PLC concept works in practice was furnished by
a series of field trials by Main.net of Israel, Ascom of Switzerland and
some other companies in 16 European countries from Portugal to
Scandinavia, as well as in Hong Kong, Korea, India, Singapore and the
Americas. These trials fulfilled all expectations of reliability, functionality
and the practical applications of Powerline communications. The first
installations are now already up and running or about to go live.
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providers in Scandinavia uses PLC for bridging the last mile as well as for
networking inside buildings.
PLC in USA
New York-based Ambient - which will partner with Cisco,
perhaps the technology's largest supporter, and Bechtel on future projects -
is working with the utility Consolidated Edison of New York and Southern
Telecom of Atlanta, a subsidiary of Southern Co., a leading energy
company to expand its testing to several hundred homes. Results indicated
that high frequency data transmissions could be transmitted and received
over distances of more than half a mile, with minimal signal loss. In recent
months, Ambient has achieved throughput speeds in excess of 20 mbps,
and connectivity over distances of 1.5 miles. Up to 200 users can be
supported on a single distribution circuit. Pricing for the systems is not yet
available. Ambient expects to go fully commercial with its systems by first
quarter 2003.
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next 12 months will be crucial to resolving outstanding technical hurdles,
standardizing equipment and deployment techniques, and building interest
and partnerships with utilities.
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1.10.0 Conclusion
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1.11.0 Reference
• http://www.powerlineworld.com/powerlineintro.html
http://www.powerlinecommunications.net/
• www.powerline-plc.com
• www.powerline.com
• O'Neal Jr., J.B. (1986) "The residential power circuit as a
communication medium," IEEE
Trans. on Consumer Electronics, vol.
CE-32, No. 3, pp. 567-577.
• Malek, J.A. & Engstorm, J.R. (1976)
"R.F. impedance of United States
and European power lines," IEEE
Trans. on Elec. Comp., vol. EMC-
18, pp. 36-38.
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CONTENTS
1.0.0 Introduction 1
1.1.0 History 2
1.2.0 Overview of Technology 2
1.2.1 The Server 3
1.2.2 The HFCPN Conditioning Unit 4
1.2.3 Service Unit 5
1.3.0 CASE STUDY 6
1.3.1 Powerline Trials: Seymour Park Primary School 6
1.3.2 Powerline Trials: Stanley Road 7
1.4.0 Application areas offered by Powerline communications 8
1.4.1 Powerline telecommunication 8
1.4.2 Home Automation 9
1.4.3 Internet access 9
1.4.4 Power management (Near energy services) 9
1.5.0 Potential Advantages of Digital Powerline Technology 10
1.6.0 Potential Extensions to Digital Powerline Technology 11
1.7.0 Current Limitations of Digital Powerline Technology 12
1.7.1Electro-Magnetic Radiation Issues 12
1.7.2 Addressing issue 13
1.7.3 Security 13
1.7.4 Noise interference 13
1.7.5 Regulatory and standardization issues 14
1.8.0 The Market for Digital Powerline 15
1.8.1 Who is testing or has tested the technology? 17
PLC abroad 17
PLC in USA 18
1.9.0 2003 Update on the Power Industry 19
1.10.0 Conclusion 20
1.11.0 Reference 21
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ABSTRACT
The technology has roots going back to the 1940s. It has been
used by power utilities for simple telemetering and control of electrical
equipment in their networks. What is new is the integration of activities
outside the building with those inside the building at a much higher
bandwidth, 2.5 mbps or higher – this means voice and data transmission via
the mains supply voltage network right through to every power socket in
the building, as well as in the reverse direction at high speed.
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