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Cold Storage is a special kind of room, the temperature of, which is kept very low
with the help of machines and precision instruments. India is having a unique
geographical position and a wide range of soil thus producing variety of fruits and
vegetables like apples, grapes, oranges, potatoes, chillies, ginger, etc. Marine
products are also being produced in large quantities due to large coastal areas. The
present production level of fruits and vegetables is more than 100 million MT and
keeping in view the growth rate of population and demand, the production of
perishable commodities is increasing every year. The cold storage facilities are the
prime infrastructural component for such perishable commodities.
MARKET POTENTIAL
Cold storages are essential for extending the shelf life, period of marketing, avoiding
glut, reducing transport bottlnecks during peak period of production and maintenance
of quality of produce. The development of cold storage industry has therefore an
important role to play in reducing the wastages of the perishable commodities and
thus providing remunerative prices to the growers. "Today, we have a very weak
post-harvest storage and marketing infrastructure. This causes tremendous national
loss. To overcome this problem, I propose to introduce a new credit-linked capital
subsidy scheme for construction of cold storages and godowns.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
A proper market analysis would throw light on storage needs and accordingly
tentative plan for the whole year has to be drawn. Compressors suitable for using
ammonia have to be selected as ammonia is cheap, easily available and is of high
latent heat of evaporation, but it is highly toxic in nature if mixed with oil containing
high carbon percentage. Hence, handling and maintenance has to be very careful.
Rooms with different temperature requirements must be properly insulated and
protected from moisture. On outside walls, one coating of foam with vapour proof
material is advisable. Temperature and humidity is maintained according to the items
stored. Use of skewed door arrangements, proper insulation and required circulation
of cool air inside the storage area would make operations economical and improve
profitability. The primary factor determining the size and layout of the storage is the
amount of product to be held and for what duration. The final design will be based on
those two factors, additionally influenced by material handling considerations.
Storage volume turnover is the annual product receipts divided by the normal total
amount of product in storage.