Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
II
III
In all cases, local and national codes, standards and regulations that govern the
planning and installation of detection systems take precedence.
Sprinkler systems
Sprinkler systems are automatic extinguishing systems that respond to flaming fires and
spray water within the area of the fire. There are two basic types of sprinkler systems:
Wet pipe systems for frost-free rooms,
Dry pipe systems for rooms with frost hazard.
For special applications there are also mixed systems as well as host (fire detection sys-
tem) controlled systems, and systems with foam generators.
Their functions are:
Preventing the outbreak of a total fire,
Limiting the fire spread,
Limiting the heat spread,
Calling the fire fighting and rescue squads,
Activation of fire protection equipment.
Emergency lighting
The emergency lighting is activated as soon as the normal lighting fails. The light intensity
must be adequate so that safe walking though rooms and escape routes and locating of
exits is possible.
Firemen’s lifts
Firemen’s lifts have to fulfil stringent requirements. They are used for transporting fire-
men and their equipment, and for evacuating handicapped or injured persons. Under nor-
mal circumstances they are also available for other users.
Area of protection
Note that fire detection is only one part of a complete fire protection concept.
A fire protection concept for a specific installation should always take into consideration
all available fire protection measures because each individual measure is subject to pos-
sible malfunction.
Examples:
Protective measure Risk
Night watchman Falls asleep, gets injured
Remove ignition source Welding during repair work
Fire detection system System being serviced
Hose cabinet Inadequate water supply, late intervention
In-house fire brigade Off hours, vacation, etc.
Compartmentation Door left open, unsealed duct openings
Automatic extinguishing system Pipes blocked, insufficient water supply
10
11
Detection of Evaluation
fire phenomena and operation Intervention
Suppression of
deceptive variables
12
13
Planning phase
In this phase the designer defines a fire protection concept based on the risk assessment.
This concept is an optimized combination of selected structural, technical, and organiza-
tional fire protection measures. The design of a fire detection system must always be
matched to other fire protection measures.
The technical planning of a fire detection system comprises
System planning: Defining the detector types, detector locations, monitoring areas and
possible sources of interference, etc.
Alarm organization planning: Preparing an alarm concept that is tailored to the utiliza-
tion and activities on the premises. Its purpose is to alert endangered persons and to
call the fire fighting and intervention squads, etc.
Incorporation of other technical fire protection measures as listed in chapter 2.2
Installation planning for the detectors, system control unit, operator terminal, controls,
etc., including choice of installation material, line routing, etc.
Implementation phase
This phase comprises
Installation of the system,
Testing and commissioning,
Handover of the fire detection system to the user,
Training of all users, including fire fighting and intervention crews.
Operational phase
The operational phase comprises
Supervision and operation of the system,
Regular re-instruction of the users,
Fault remedy,
Maintenance, that is, inspection, service, repair.
14
1 Water supply
2 Control valve (monitored)
3 Valve station
4 Pipe network with sprinkler
heads
7 5 Alarm transmission (often to
5 the fire detection system con-
3 trol unit)
6 6 External alarm to fire depart-
ment
7 Audible alarm
2
1
The system can be „wet” or „dry” (also called pre-action sprinkler). In a wet system the
pipe network is always filled with water. Water is released as soon as a sprinkler head
opens.
In a dry system there is only compressed air in the pipe network under normal conditions.
Water fills the pipes only after a preliminary alarm, for example, when a smoke detector
has responded. Water is released only if the fire grows large enough to activate a sprin-
kler head.
15
1 Water supply
2 Control valve (monitored)
3 Quick-opening valve (electrical
actuation mechanism)
5 6
4 Pipe network with sprinkler
nozzles
5 Manual call point
7 9
6 Automatic fire detectors
3 7 Fire detection system control unit
(extinguishing control unit)
8
8 Alarm remote transmission
9 Audible alarm
2
1
16
7 8
1 Water supply
6 2 Control valve
3 Main pump
9 4 Foam extract container
2 5 Foam pump
5
6 Non-return valve
7 Mixer
3
8 Foam generator, foam pipe
2
2
4
1 2
6 8
9
5 7 1 Water supply
2 Control valve
2 3 Main pump
4 4 Foam pump
5 Non-return valve
3 6 Mixer
2 7 Blower
2 8 Water/foam extract atomizers
10 9 Foam expansion mesh
10 Foam extract container
1 2
17
18
1 FM200cylinders
6 2 Electromechanical or pyroelectrical valve
actuator
3 Extinguishing nozzles
2 3 7 4 Fire detection system control unit
5 Manual call point
5 6 Automatic fire detectors
7 Illuminated warning panel
8 Alarm sounder
1 9 Piping network
4 8
19
20
1 Inert-gas cylinder
6 2 Special feeder valve for
dosed release of inert gas
4 3 Control unit
2 2 4 Alarm sounder
5 Concentration sensor
6 Open nozzle
5 7 Explosion hazard room
3
8 Spare cylinder of inert gas
8 1
7
21
The magnitude of the risk is calculated as the product of the event probability times the
loss potential:
R = E (1...5) x L (1...5)
In a first step the urgency of the required protective measures can be assessed based on
the following risk levels:
Risk level Description Priority level Urgency of protective
measures
16, 20, 25 Catastrophic risk 1 Immediate
8, 9. 10, 12, 15 Large risk 2 Short term
4, 5, 6 Medium risk 3 Medium term
1, 2, 3 Small risk 4 Long term
The risk levels that have to be reduced by suitable protection measures depend on the
risk that can be tolerated. They must be assessed individually for each installation. For
example, a relative risk of level 8 can be obtained by two different scenarios:
1. Low event probability with very high loss potential,
2. Frequent event probability with medium loss potential.
The second scenario is more frequent than the first one.
22
23
25
Automatic fire
detector
F
Manual call
point
Contacts of
extinguishing
systems
Automatic fire detectors The fire detection system Visual and/or audible alarm
monitor the rooms of a build- control unit – the brain of a signals as well as the fire
ing for fire and respond to the detection system – processes alarm transmission to the fire
presence of smoke, heat, and the signals it receives from department are actuated by
flames, by transmitting a sig- the detectors. the control unit.
nal to the control unit. Cerberus fire detection con- The control unit also carries
Manual call points allow im- trol units incorporate the lat- out a number of additional
mediate alarm initiation. est technology. Due to their functions such as
Contacts of extinguishing modular design and individual – Activation of fire control
systems initiate the normal programming they can be installations,
alarm procedure in the control continually adapted to chang- – Activation of fixed extin-
unit so that additional fire ing system requirements. guishing systems,
fighting measures can be – Transmission of fault sig-
taken. nals
26
Fire detector
Fig. 3 Selective complete monitoring, that is, complete monitoring of one or several
fire compartments
27
Fig. 5 Selective monitoring for life safety through continuous monitoring of the es-
cape routes.
28
Plant and machinery can be monitored with point-type detectors that are installed in close
proximity to the equipment to be protected.
Plant and machinery monitoring is also possible with air sampling smoke detectors (see
Section 4, Chapter 10).
Important electrical control systems can be monitored with detectors that are installed in
the room, in the equipment itself, or in the plenum of the raised floor.
Also in this application monitoring with air sampling smoke detectors is possible (see
Section 4, Chapter 10).
29
3.1 Introduction
True or false alarm? This is the question that each automatic fire detection system must
be able to answer quickly and reliably. This task is getting more difficult because the fire
phenomena and deceptive variables from the environment and work processes are in-
creasingly becoming more similar. However, the alarm reliability is the yardstick by which
all fire detection systems are measured. With the aid of modern communications technol-
ogy and higher computer intelligence combined with lower space requirement (VLSI,
Very Large Scale Integration) it is possible to successfully master this critical problem.
With AlgoLogic Cerberus is able to incorporate these technological advances into its
new AlgoRex product range of interactive fire detection systems. To the relief of the spe-
cialists working in fire protection engineering, Cerberus has created a system that dis-
criminates exceptionally well between true fire phenomena and deceptive variables from
the environment, and this without and significant degradation of the detection sensitivity.
ALARM
AlgoPilot CT11
Detector intelligence
Fig. 8 AlgoLogic
The outstanding feature of the system is the AlgoLogic. The term AlgoLogic is a (acro-
nym) contracted form of „Algorithm” and „Signal evaluation Logic”. It describes the over-
all function of the system with respect to data acquisition, evaluation, communication,
and processing. AlgoLogic is distributed in the detectors and in the fire detection system
control unit. AlgoLogic combines the entire Cerberus know-how and experience as the
bases for an unprecedented detection and diagnostic capability in the AlgoRex system.
30
PolyRex
AlgoPilot
OptoRex
AlgoControl
ThermoRex
ALARM
AlgoPilot CT11
Detection capability
H Detection and evaluation at place of
installation H Signal checking
H 4 Dynamic danger levels H Logical combination of signals
Detection reliability H Alarm verification
H Correct algorithm at the right place
H Display
Emergency operation
H Operation
H Detection capability is preserved
31
°C °C
32
Interactive detectors
Detector series with maximum detection reliability achieved through AlgoLogic, the eval-
uation and detection logic with interactive signal processing based on programmable al-
gorithms. These detectors can be parameterized: they can be optimally programmed to
suit the requirements of the installation location.
Interactive AlgoRex detectors are used wherever demanding environmental conditions
and high fire risks require maximum alarm validity, that is, detection reliability and false
alarm immunity.
AnalogPlus detectors
Addressable smoke and heat detectors with multilevel, intelligent signal evaluation. Ana-
logPlus detectors achieve high detection reliability through centrally selectable but detec-
tor-specific sensitivity settings, alarm verification and multicriteria logic.
Ideal for applications where a medium risk level and moderate environmental interfer-
ence potential coincide.
Collective detectors
The smoke and heat detectors of the conventional limit comparator technology are ma-
ture and reliable products.
They are suitable for areas with low fire risks and unproblematic environmental condi-
tions.
PolyRexR
Neuronal smoke detectors for dynamic multicriteria analysis of smoke and heat. Avail-
able in interactive and addressable versions.
OptoRex R
Wide-band smoke detector for dynamic analysis of smoke. Available in interactive, ad-
dressable and collective versions.
ThermoRexR
Heat detector for deception-proof response to fast and low temperature rise. Available in
interactive, addressable and collective versions.
33
System operation
The AlgoPilot information and operating panel serves as the display and control unit for
the entire system. Through AlgoPilot the system provides information on what it has de-
tected and what measures were initiated. Particular attention has been given to:
Simple and logical operation
Plain text information that is specific to the installation
Action text for supporting the intervention squads
ALARM
AlgoRex
Acknowledge
Reset
AlgoPilot CT11
34
Signal lamps
Rotating and flashing beacons.
Remote transmission
Automatic communication devices for transmitting alarm and fault mes-
sages to various emergency control centers.
Interfaces
For serial connection to danger management systems.
Remote diagnosis
Password-protected remote diagnosis and parameter setup.
35
36
37
TEMPERATURE
SMOKE HEAT RADIATION
INCREASE
38
Light source
Smoke particles
Transmitter optics
Light source
Labyrinth
Labyrinth
Light stop
Smoke particle
Light receiver
39
Receiver
Transmitter
Measuring section
If smoke penetrates the measuring section, part of the light is absorbed and part of the
light is scattered by the smoke particles, that is, the light rays simply change their direc-
tion. The residual light reaches the reflector, traverses the measuring section again, and
is attenuated again. As a result only a small portion of the light reaches the receiver. The
signal becomes smaller and the receiver circuit initiates an alarm.
Scattering Scattering
Scatter Smoke
particles
40
The detector has two pyroelectric sensors that are sensitive in two different wave lengths.
The first sensor „A” responds to infrared-active flame gases in the characteristic CO2-
spectral range from 4,1 to 4,7µm, which is produced by the combustion of carbon
containing materials.
The second sensor „B” measures the infrared energy in the wave length region 5 to 6µm,
that are emitted by interference sources (for example, sunlight, artificial light, radiant
heaters).
Signals with a typical flame flicker frequency of 2 to 20Hz are compared in the electronic
circuit for amplitude and phase coincidence. When the infrared energy is emitted by
flames, the signal amplitude of the first sensor is much greater than in the second sensor,
and an alarm is actuated.
By contrast, a vibrating, hot body (for example, motor) produces a synchronous signal in
channels „A” and „B”. Because in this case the signal amplitude in channel „A” is smaller
than in channel „B”, no alarm is actuated. If a flame occurs at the same time, a non-
synchronous signal is generated on channel „A” which immediately initiates an alarm.
The sensitivity and response integration time can be adapted to local conditions in two
steps by means of a switch.
A B
Spectral radiation intensity
Flames
Artificial light
Sunlight
Hot body
2,5 3 4 5 6 µm
Wave lenght
41
42
Alarm
Alarm Alarm Alarm
threshold threshold
No
Normal alarm
Time
Such detectors are designed to operate either with a thermistor, a fusible link, bimetal
strip or expansion fluid. They frequently do not comply with EN54 standards.
Heat detectors detect flaming fires that actuate an alarm when a predetermined maxi-
mum temperature is exceeded at the detector. They are suitable for detecting open fires
where a rapid increase in the temperature can be expected, and in areas where a faster
responding detector cannot be used.
NTC2
reference resistor Normal
Time
The detector sensor consists of two NTC resistors which form part of a Wheatstone
bridge. NTC1 is exposed to the ambient air immediately in front of the detector, whereas
NTC2 is located inside the detector housing. If in the event of a fire the ambient
temperature increases relatively rapidly, the resistance value of NTC1 falls faster than
that of NTC2. If a predetermined threshold is exceeded, an alarm is actuated.
If as a result of a very slow rise in temperature the resistance of NTC1 and NTC2
decreases equally, an alarm is actuated when the maximum temperature determined by
a third resistor is reached.
Rate-of-rise detectors detect flaming fires that cause a temperature rise within a given
unit of time and are, therefore, suited to the detection of flaming fires.
43
Alarm
threshold
No alarm
Time
Alarm
(normal sensitivity) Danger information
Centrally selectable / detector specific
H Sensitivity
Alarm H Alarm verification
Detector signal
Diagnostic information
Fault
(defect)
44
Signal strength
%/m
Rate of rise
Optical sensor
t
Smoke density Danger
development Signal
fluctuation level
Signal strength
°C Diagnostic
level
Rate of rise
Heat-sensor
t
Temperature
development Signal
fluctuation
Algorithms
45
46
47
48
Projection / Detectors
Monitoring monitoring objective
category Thermo-
Detection of: OptoRex PolyRex Rex
49
50
51
52
Smoke
Radiation
Seat of fire
Each room to be monitored must contain at least one automatic detector. Smoke and
heat detectors are mounted on the ceiling or wherever the fire phenomena are expected
to spread and accumulate. Flame detectors require a direct line of sight to every likely fire
source and are preferably installed high up in the corners of a room.
The detector arrangement must be adapted to the prevailing features of the room such as
ceiling construction, room division (wall recesses, etc.), furnishings, fittings, etc.
Other aspects to be taken into account:
The corresponding fire phenomenon (smoke/heat/radiation) must be able to reach the
detector
Foreseeable deceptive phenomena
Foreseeable mechanical influences (vibration, etc.)
Correct testing and replacement
53
25
20
15
12
9
7
6
5
4
3
3 2 1 AM [m2]
1 Monitoring area per smoke
detector
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Fig. 14 Monitoring area per smoke detector as a function of the room height and fire
hazard level
54
45°
45°
55
>40m
56
Detector Reflector
5m ... 100m
To ensure that smoldering fires with weak thermal convection can be detected in tall
rooms, the detector must be installed in such a way that the IR beam is at the height at
which the smoke will presumably spread.
Detector Reflector
Detector Reflector
3m up to 60%
of room hight
Fig. 18 Arrangement of detectors at two different levels for detecting flaming and
smoldering fires in tall rooms
3
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 (m)
Max. monitoring width
57
ÌÌ
HSD
Ñ Ó
Ó
Ñ
Ñ Ñ
ASD-Flex
ASD-Mono
Ñ ÌÌ
Fig. 20 Application example of an air sampling smoke detection system
An air sampling smoke detection system can detect even the smallest fires in equipment
before serious damage occurs. To stop the spread of fire it often suffices to switch off the
equipment. Air sampling smoke detectors are a valuable supplement to conventional
room detectors because they are an efficient means for preventing fire damage and inter-
ruption of operations.
Possible applications are
Telephone exchanges,
Computer rooms,
Switching and control installations,
Clean rooms and the like.
Other applications include room monitoring.
58
Fig. 21 Principle of the air sampling smoke detection unit ASD Duct.
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
not easily accessible rooms and areas with a small volume.
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Pipe system
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Airflow sensor
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Smoke detector
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Active detector AD1
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Fan
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Fig. 22 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD Mono (AD1)
59
EDP equipment
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Fig. 23 Air sampling smoke detection system ASD flex (BD5)
60
The air sampling smoke detection system ASD modular is also an active system with its
own fan. It is a very efficient system that is available in various capacity stages. The air
samples are transported via fixed suction tubes to the sampling chamber. In addition to
the fire detectors in the air sampling chamber, detection equipment can be installed di-
rectly in suitable locations of the air sampling tubes. With this arrangement it is possible to
divide large monitoring areas into smaller areas that are easier to keep under surveil-
lance. This makes it easier to locate the seat of the fire which is advantageous for system-
atic shutdown of power to the monitored equipment. It also allows the automatic extin-
guishing system to be activated precisely where needed.
3 3 3 3
6
5 ø 25
4 4 6
5 ø 32
∅ 40 ∅ 40 5
ø 25
6 6
5 ø 25
7
6xø6
61
BDA2400
BDA2400
MP2424
Single detector
monitoring
Dual detector
monitoring
BDA2400
ÍÍÍÍ
ÍÍÍÍ
ÍÍÍÍ BDA2400
BDA2400
BDA2400
62
63
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2. Siting the control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3. Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4. AlgoControl fire detection system control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.1. Evaluation – Alarm – Operation – Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.2. Configuration and structure of the fire detection system control unit . . . . . . . 71
5. Alarm concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.1. Cerberus alarm concept (CAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6. Fire control facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
65
66
3 Power supply
Two independent power sources must be available and both be calculated in such away
that if one source fails, full operation of the system and the alarm equipment can be main-
tained for a specific length of time.
One of the two power sources must be a permanent mains supply, the other a battery or
comparable source.
Power from the mains (primary source) must be supplied from a separate, fuse-protected
feeder.
Equipment that is not part of the fire detection system may not be connected to the
system’s power supply.
The battery autonomy must be sufficient to permit full operation of the fire detection
system during the emergency operation time (according to local regulations), as well as
full operation of the alarm devices for at least 30 minutes.
In view of the requirements of fault signal detection and troubleshooting we recommend
the following emergency power autonomy:
Emergency power
Emergency power criterion
autonomy
– Without fault signal transmission 72 h
– With fault signal transmission, but with continually staffed 12 h
in-house signal receiving station
– With fault signal transmission, line not monitored 24 h
– With fault signal transmission, line monitored 12 h
– Uninterruptible mains connection (for example, emergency die- 4h
sel generator for 24 h operation) and fault signal transmission
67
68
ALARM
AlgoPilot CT11
Line Control
module module Autonomous extinguishing sector
Fig. 2 Principle of the AlgoControl fire detection system control unit with AlgoPilot con-
trol console
69
70
AlgoRex S11
OptoRex
AlgoControl AlgoPilot
DO11..
PolyRex
Communication bus
Detector bus
DOT11..
Planning and
ThermoRex maintenance
DT11..
AlgoWorks
Characteristics
High selective detection capability,
Menu-driven operator guidance,
Distributed intelligence,
Independent bus systems (detector bus / communications bus),
Individual evaluation algorithms,
Parameter downloading,
Automatically recognizable detector replacement,
Unrestricted address assignment,
High configuration flexibility,
Manufactured according to ecologically compatible principles,
Compatibility with existing installations,
High system availability and quality,
Simple maintenance.
71
Logical structure
Section
72
2nd floor
1st floor
ground floor
Main building 1st floor Room 104
Logical structure:
The logical structure is an
Area Main
building image of the geographic fea-
tures of an installation. It can
Logical structure
be flexibly adapted to the
building structure, room uti-
Section Ground 1st floor 2nd floor
floor
lization, etc.
The logical structure is inde-
pendent of the line routing
Ware- Recep- Room Room Room EDP- within the detector network.
Zone house tion 102 103 104
Canteen
Room
Element Linking:
The lowest levels of the two
structures are logically linked
Linking to each other. This linking de-
termines which physical de-
vices (e.g. detectors) are
Device installed in which geographic
(e.g. detector) location.
D-Bus
Physical structure
Function unit
(e.g. line module) Physical structure:
The physical structure is an
I-Bus image of the hardware. It re-
sults from the hardware instal-
lation.
Station C-Bus
Operator terminal Control unit
73
– Collective-signal
– Limit comparator technology
CI1110 /
CI1115
AnalogPLUS DS113.
AlgoPilot
Interactive DS115.
CT1141 / CT1142
– Single-detector signal
– Individual evaluation algorithms
– Multicriteria detectors with neuronal – For small to large systems comprising one or several
network control units
– Automatic application suitability check – For collective, AnalogPLUS or interactive detectors
– Multidetector logic – Remotely installable control console
74
Stand-alone
Control unit
AnalogPLUS CS1110 / CS1115
collective CI1110 /
CI1115
Network compatible
CS1140
interactive
Control console
CC1141 / CT1141 /
CC1142 CT1142
AnalogPLUS
collective
Gateway
CK1141 /
CK1142
CI1141 /
CI1142
ÉÉ
Danger management
system terminal
ÉÉ
75
General
The alarm concept must be defined individually for each installation.
Important is the quick transmission of alarm messages to the appropriate group of recipi-
ents.
Audible and visual alarm devices must generate a signal that is clearly identifiable as a
fire alarm.
The alarm devices must be connected to the emergency power supply of the fire detec-
tion system control unit and controlled via the corresponding alarm outputs.
The fire department must be alerted via a direct line that should preferably be monitored.
Monitored sequences
The reaction of the personnel is monitored by 2 independent timer circuits. The first timer
circuit monitors the presence of the personnel, the second circuit the duration of the re-
connaissance. If no personnel is present or if the reconnaissance time is exceeded, an
„External alarm” is transmitted immediately to the fire department and the prepro-
grammed control functions are initiated.
76
F
Alarm
Algorithms
Supplementary benefit
Multidetector zones in alarm concept with
AlgoRex
Local
alarm
Presence
General
internal External alarm
alarm
77
78
6.1 General
Equipment that is part of the fire protection concept and which can be automatically con-
trolled by the fire detection system.
This includes, for example:
Switching off air-conditioning and ventilation system,
Closing fire dampers,
Closing fire doors,
Activating smoke and heat extraction systems,
Activating emergency lighting systems,
Commanding elevators to the ground floor and blocking them there,
Switching of machines and equipment of all types.
The control of such equipment must not adversely affect the fire detection system.
79
Example:
Relay contact closes in alarm condition, opens
when the alarm is reset, in exceptional cases
Fire detection system when the audible fire alarm is switched off
External control
ON indicator
– +
OFF indicator
80
The following section describes the planning of the line network of a fire detection system.
National regulations must in all cases be followed even if they are not explicitly mentioned
here.
81
Example:
Existing detector network
Modernization of existing systems with
AlgoRex; connection of existing „collec-
tive” systems:
H Loop line
H Stub line
H T-tab
Existing installations can be integrated.
Example:
New detector network
With
H Interactive detectors
H Input/output (I/O) modules
H Special detectors
H Loop lines
H Stub lines
H T-tabs
Lines: unshielded twisted pair
I O I
82
Very important:
If AlgoRex is used to upgrade an existing system, no new cabling is required. Even the old
installation wires of 220V detection systems can in most cases still be used, provided the
quality of the installation conforms to current standards. AlgoRex requires shielded
cables only in very extreme situations.
Ex
I I I I/O I
Fig. 2 Complete freedom in the design of the installation network with interactive de-
tectors
83
Ambient influences
The line network (dry, wet, or explosion proof) must conform to the same standard as for
electrical lighting.
84
85
Response Response
indicator Ex 1) indicator Ex
terminator Ex
FD control unit
Line
+ Ex Ex Ex
Shunt-zener-
diode barrier
System ground
Potential compensation
max. 50Ω
86
Definition
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that an electrical or electronic system can
be operated within the prescribed electromagnetic environment without interference ei-
ther from or to other systems.
Particular precautions apply to the immunity of the AlgoRex system to electromagnetic
influences which in modern buildings tend to occur more frequently and more strongly.
The detector, detector base and control unit are designed in such a way that – also in the
case of AlgoRex interactive – shielding against EMI (electromagnetic influence) is re-
quired only in exceptional cases. In normal situations and in environments without EM
pollution twisted conductors suffice. Care has also been taken that the AlgoRex itself
does not emit any inadmissible electromagnetic radiation.
Sources of interference
Fire detection systems must be protected against the following sources of interference:
Strokes of lightning,
Interference pulses caused by the switching of inductive loads,
Electromagnetic influences,
Inductive and capacitive coupling,
Earth loops,
Electrostatic charging or discharging,
Radio communications,
RF interference, e.g. from RF generators, transmitters, therapy rooms, radiology de-
partments, etc.
Primary protection
Basically, each Cerberus product (detector, base, control unit) is tested during the devel-
opment stage for immunity to interference, and optimized accordingly. By means of the
built-in primary protection a large portion of possible sources of interference are elimi-
nated. However, trouble-free operation is only ensured if the equipment is installed ac-
cording to the rules of electromagnetic compatibility.
87
89
The following table lists the standards that have either been published by the European
Technical Committee CEN TC72, or are in preparation or planned. These EN standards
will be adopted by the member states as national standards:
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Number ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Title ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ Status Comments Time
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
schedule
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–1 Components of automatic fire detection systems: Published: Revision in preparation E95
Introduction October 76
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–2 Control and indicating equipment Voting B96
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Á
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁ
EN54–3 Audible fire alarm devices In preparation
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–4 Power supplies Voting B96
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–5 Heat sensitive detectors – Published: Revision in preparation M96
point detectors containing a static element October 76
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–6
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
Heat sensitive detectors – Published: Will be retracted as soon as the revision –
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
rate or rise point detectors without static element of Part 5 is published
EN54–7 Smoke detectors – Published: Revision in preparation M96
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
point detectors using scattered light, transmitted July 82
light, or ionization
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–8
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
High temperature heat detectors Published: Will be retracted as soon as the revision –
ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
July 82 of Part 5 is published
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–9 Fire tests for smoke detectors Published: Will be retracted as soon as the revision –
July 82 of Part 7 is published
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–10
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Flame detectors
ÁÁÁ In preparation M96
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–11
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Manual call points
ÁÁÁ In preparation E96
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–12 Optical beam detectors In preparation E97
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–13 System requirements In preparation 97
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
EN54–14 Guidelines for planning, design, installation, In preparation 97
commissioning, use and maintenance
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EN54–15
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
Point type multi-sensor fire detectors In preparation Work done in ISO / TC21 / SC23 / WG9 97
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
incorporating a smoke sensor in combination with to be submitted to parallel voting under
a heat sensor the Vienna agreement
In addition to these EN standards there are country-specific standards which must also
be taken into consideration.
90
91
92
Drip water
Protection against — Spray Splash Water jet Flooding Immer- Submer-
perpen- water water sion sion
dicular inclined
IEC IP .0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8
No protection
0. IP 00
max. ø 50 mm
1. IP 10 IP 11 IP 12
max. ø 12 mm
oreign objects
2. IP 20 IP 21 IP 22 IP 23
max. ø 2,5 mm
nst contact and penetration
3. IP 30 IP 31 IP 32 IP 33 IP 34
max. ø 1 mm
4. IP 40 IP 41 IP 42 IP 43 IP 44
5. IP 50 IP 54 IP 55
Dust deposition
6. IP 60 IP 65 IP 66 IP 67 IP 68
Dust penetration
93
ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Oil immersion o Switching devices,
EN50015 transformers
Sand-filled enclosures
EN50017
Encapsulation
q
m
ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎ
Transformers,
capacitors
Sealed devices
EN50028
Increased safety e Squirrel cage induction motors, termi-
EN50015 nal and connection boxes,
lighting units, current transformers,
measuring and control devices
94
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2. Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.1. Main functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.2. Other important functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3. System concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.1. System structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
3.2. Specific security features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4. Examples of danger management systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.1. Example 1: DMS7000 danger management system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
4.2. Example 2: System type LMSmodular (Local Monitoring System) . . . . . . . . . 103
95
96
Public tele-
phone network
97
Control
Transmission of alerts to call fire department, police, service personnel, etc.,
Control of fire dampers, ventilators, elevators, video cameras, etc.,
Control of specific display panels (mimic panels).
Interfaces
Interfaces to the building automation and management systems,
Interfaces to staff paging systems, PLCs, etc.
History file
Saving the events in a permanent file,
Selection and evaluation of the messages.
98
Subsystem integration
Integration of all subsystems (fire protection, intrusion, security, gas warning, etc.) in a
security control center.
Other functions
Software tools for user data such as texts and graphics,
Software tools for configuring the danger management system,
Access to the danger management system via the public switched telephone network
for diagnostic purposes (remote diagnosis).
99
CC MD MC
2 Gateway
or
central
processing
unit
CC
8
CC MC
2 Central
processing
unit
CC
8
Subsystem level
Describes the subsystems and comprises the satellite control units.
The required availability of the danger management system can only be achieved if the
satellite control units function completely autonomously. Their functions such as signal
indication, operation, activation of the alarm devices, control of fire doors and elevators
must also be possible in the event of complete communications failure with the security
control center.
100
Management level
Includes all functions and equipment required for monitoring, operating and controlling
the satellite control units by a security control center. Although the satellite control units
are normally controlled from the system main terminal in the security control center, they
can also be operated locally at any time.
The security control center consists principally of a gateway, a central processing unit, an
system console, and printers.
101
MA
CC System console
Fire
protection
CC
Security MC
Central
processing
unit
CC
Á
Gas
102
Evaluation
Á
Gateway
Fire
protection ...
Gateway
Local area
External area
103
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2. Main functions of an emergency voice communication system . . . . . . . 107
3. System concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.1. Autonomous system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.2. Centralized system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.3. Decentralized system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
105
106
Audio signals
Alert
Evac
Microphone
Page
Selection
(automatic and manual)
Loudspeakers
Loudspeakers
Zone 1 Zone 2
In medium and larger systems three different signals or channels are normally available:
Alert
In order to alert the building occupants a pulsed tone (e.g. low pulse frequency) is trans-
mitted throughout the building. This signal has the lowest priority (depending on the local
regulations the alert signal can also be a synthesized voice message).
Evac
An evacuation signals (e.g. high pulse frequency) is transmitted via the speakers to those
parts of the building that are directly affected by the danger. This signal clearly has a
higher priority than the alert signal (depending on the local regulations the evac signal
can also be a synthesized voice message).
Page Signal
Whenever necessary the fire brigade can give specific instructions through the micro-
phone which are transmitted either throughout the entire building or only portions thereof.
This signal has a higher priority than the evac signal.
The required signal (channels) can be selected automatically (via the fire alarm system),
and or manually by the fire brigade.
The voice communication system should be designed in such a way that all 3 signals
(channels) described above can be simultaneously selected for different areas (zones),
that is, all three signals are available throughout the building to each amplifier (audio
bus). If this important function exists the system is a true 3-channel system.
107
108
109
110
112