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NGEP
Q1 2011
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RESERVOIR SIMULATION
Contents
1 PREFACE...................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Reporting Structure...................................................................................................3
1.2 Audit Process............................................................................................................ 3
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................4
3 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................ 5
3.1 General Comments...................................................................................................5
3.2 Software.................................................................................................................... 5
4 X-FIELD HISTORY.........................................................................................................6
4.1 Production.................................................................................................................6
4.2 Pressure....................................................................................................................7
4.3 Previous Simulation Modelling..................................................................................8
6 MODEL CONSTRUCTION...........................................................................................11
6.1 Base Geomodel.......................................................................................................11
6.2 Fluid PVT Properties...............................................................................................14
6.3 Relative Permeability & Capillary pressure data......................................................14
7 MODEL INITIALIZATION.............................................................................................16
7.1 Initial Saturation & Pressure....................................................................................16
7.2 Initial Fluids in Place................................................................................................18
7.3 Well Definitions........................................................................................................18
7.4 Primary Uncertainties..............................................................................................18
1 PREFACE
Phase 1 was supplemented by the Exploration team using the geological and
geophysical information then we got the static model data.
The objective of Phase II of the project is to create a dynamic simulation model for the X-
field suitable for comparing different development plans. This work comprised the
production of a revised static geological model and the reduction and evaluation of
reservoir engineering data to develop this dynamic model. The elements of this work
were brought together in a geo-cellular model and output in a format suitable for input to
the reservoir simulator (Geoquest’s “Eclipse”).
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Despite the fact that the pressure history match of the model is considered very good, the
available shut in historical pressure points available for use in pressure history match
were limited and don’t cover the whole production period but the bottom hole flowing
pressure values were enough and cover the whole production period.. Regular, long-
term, build-up tests and static surveys should be performed on monthly basis, at a
minimum, for the key production wells.
3 INTRODUCTION
3.2 Software
Reservoir simulation which was reported herein was performed using Geoquest’s’
Eclipse® 100 numerical reservoir simulator. , Other analyses & interpretations were
performed using Microsoft Office®.
4 X-FIELD HISTORY
The X-Field has been under production since Q1, 2000 and since start of production we
the water injection started. Initial volumes in place are estimated to be approximately
517.22 MMSTB Oil in-place and 629.09 BCF Gas in-place. The original GOC & OWC
was located at -5512 & -5590 ft TVDss respectively. The initial reservoir pressure at the
datum depth of -5512 ft TVDss is around 3500 psia, which is very close to the bubble
Point pressure which was measured to be +/-3320 psia.
The primary production mechanisms in the X-Field are oil expansion, aquifer support,
through aquifer, Gas support from the gas cap, and Rock compression has lower order
effects.
4.1 Production
The X-field commenced production in Q1 2000 from five wells
PROD_1,PROD_2,PROD_3,PROD_4, and PROD_5, producing at circa 24000
STBO/DAY with 0 % water cut. Production increased substantially to reach 30000
STBO/DAY in Q3 2000 with 0% water cut the production reach its peak of 35000
STBO/DAY at the beginning of Q1 2003 with water production rate 4000STBW/DAY.
Then, Production decreased gradually to reach 14000 STBO/DAY in Q4 2010 with water
production rate 26000 STBW/DAYT the historical oil , water , and gas production rates
and its comulatives for X-Field are shown in the bellow figures.
4.2
Pressure
The pressure behaviour observed historically supports the statement that driving
mechanisms in this field are oil expansion and partial aquifer support and because of this
weak aquifer support water injection rate started from first day of production, the figure
bellow she the historical shut in and flowing pressure data for all X-Field wells.
Basic reservoir engineering techniques are used to build enough reservoir knowledge
prior to the simulation model construction.
Well
X,ft Y,ft Top,ft Base,ft Upper_Perf,ft Lower_Perf,ft Skin
Name
6 MODEL CONSTRUCTION
During this study, a model with a number of different realizations was constructed and
tested.
NX = 12, NY = 22, NZ = 10
The model Top Structure array is shown in plan view in the bellow figure. The average
dimensions of DX and DY are 1000ft and 1000ft respectively. The Dz in the X-Field is
50ft to allow better representing for the smallest perforation thickness, and also to allow
better vertical properties distribution.
The horizontal and horizontal permeablilities and porosity distribution in the X-Field model
are shown bellow.
The total number of cells in the model is 2640 cells of which 2240 are active, the cells
which do not show any pay represented to be non active. This keeps the model run time
practical.
PVT properties
PVT properties for
for gas
oil
1.8
40 0.04
RS,MSCF/stb 1.6
35 0.035
1.4
30 0.03
bg 1.2
bg,rb/mscf
25 0.025
visc,cp
Vis,cp
1
20 0.02
0.8
viscu 15 0.015
50.4 0.005
00.2 0
NGEP Q1- 2011
00 1000 2000
13 3000 4000 5000 6000
0 1000 pressure,psi
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Pressure,psi
X-Field reservoir simulation study
The Oil, Water, and Gas relative permeability and capillary pressure data are shown
bellow:
Krw&Pcow
1 180
0.9 160
0.8 140
0.7
P c o w ,p s i
120
0.6
100
K rw
Krw
0.5
80 Pcow
0.4
60
0.3
0.2 40
0.1 20
0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Sw
Krg&Pcog
1 1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.7 0.7
Krow & Krog
0.6 0.6
Pcow,psi
1 Krg
Krg
0.5 0.5
0.9 Pcog
0.4 0.4
0.8
0.3 0.7 0.3
0.2 0.6 0.2
Krow
Kro
7 MODEL INITIALIZATION
The original GOC & OWC was located at -5512 & -5590 ft TVDss respectively. The initial
reservoir pressure at the datum depth of -5512 ft TVDss is around 3500 psia, which is
very close to the bubble Point pressure which was measured to be +/-3320 psia.
8.1 Objectives
The term “History-matching” describes the process of adjusting the model inputs
(geo-parameters) within reasonable limits such that the outputs (pressures and flows)
predicted by the model reproduce historically observed data. This process of model
calibration is frequently very time-consuming and always non-unique (i.e. there is
never a perfect match); it does not necessarily true that a well-matched model will
yield reliable predictions.
The following figures show the rates match. First achieved the liquid rate match on
the field rates, and field total production. Then, by back allocation achieved rates
match on the wells (oil & water rate).
Mechanical skin.
Based on the history match described in the sections before a base case and other
prediction cases were performed in order to predict the production performance of
the X-Field under different development scenarios. High level overview of the results
for the development scenarios are listed in the next section of this report.
Production rates at the start of prediction are similar to the end of history
match.
Injection rates at start of prediction are similar to the end of history match.
10.1.1 Case 1
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 131.04 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 25.34%
oil recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 227.09 BCF cumulative
productions with, 36.10% oil recovery factor.
10.2.1 Case 2
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 135.43 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 26.18%
oil recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 230.44 BCF cumulative
productions with, 36.63% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 120.06 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 23.21%
oil recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 210.72 BCF cumulative
productions with, 33.5% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 124.50 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 24.07%
oil recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 218.12 BCF cumulative
productions with, 34.68% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 124.4 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 23.98% oil
recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 218.08 BCF cumulative productions
with, 34.67% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 138.38 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 26.75%
oil recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 251.88 BCF cumulative
productions with, 40.04% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 135.7 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 26.24% oil
recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 301.17 BCF cumulative productions
with, 47.88% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 131.87 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 25.5% oil
recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 248.58 BCF cumulative productions
with, 39.52% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 127.47 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 24.65%
oil recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 218.74BCF cumulative
productions with, 34.77% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 128.92 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 24.93%
oil recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 223.25BCF cumulative
productions with, 35.49% oil recovery factor.
The forecasted Oil Reserve is 140.90 MMSTB cumulative productions with, 27.24%
oil recovery factor & the forecasted Gas Reserve is 441.94BCF cumulative
productions with, 70.26% oil recovery factor.
Oil Gas
Field Field
Converted New New
Strategy Discription Case_Name Others Inplace Reserve incremen R.F Inplace Reserve incremen R.F
wells producers injectors
tal tal
MMSTB MMSTB MMSTB % BCF BCF MMSCF %
Strategy 1 NFA PRED_CASE1 517.22 131.04 0.00 25.34% 629.02 227.09 0.00 36.10%
Strategy 2 WO PRED_CASE2 517.22 135.43 4.39 26.18% 629.02 230.44 3.35 36.63%
Strategy 3 Convert PRED_CASE3 PROD_1 517.22 120.06 -10.98 23.21% 629.02 210.72 -16.37 33.50%
producers to PRED_CASE4 PROD_2 517.22 124.50 -6.54 24.07% 629.02 218.12 -8.97 34.68%
Injectors PRED_CASE5 PROD_3 517.22 124.04 -7.00 23.98% 629.02 218.08 -9.01 34.67%
Strategy 4 Dril new PRED_CASE6 PROD_6 517.22 138.38 7.34 26.75% 629.02 251.88 24.79 40.04%
producers PRED_CASE7 PROD_7 517.22 134.87 3.83 26.08% 629.02 261.1 34.01 41.51%
PRED_CASE8 PROD_8 517.22 135.70 4.66 26.24% 629.02 301.17 74.08 47.88%
PRED_CASE9 PROD_9 517.22 131.87 0.83 25.50% 629.02 248.58 21.49 39.52%
Strategy 5 Dril new PRED_CASE10 INJ_4 517.22 127.47 -3.57 24.65% 629.02 218.74 -8.35 34.77%
injectors PRED_CASE11 INJ_5 517.22 128.92 -2.12 24.93% 629.02 223.25 -3.84 35.49%
Strategy 6 Combination PRED_CASE12 Well6,7,8 + WO 517.22 140.90 9.86 27.24% 629.02 441.94 214.85 70.26%
500
450
400
350
Oil & Gas Reseves
300
Oil Reserve,MMSTB
250
Gas Reserve,BCF
200
150
100
50
The run with the existing well constraints without adding new wells or
increasing the current off take will recover around 131.04 MMSTB cumulative
oil productions, 25.34 % recovery factor.
Drilling new 3 producers + work over for all the wells will produce oil reserve
140.9 MMSTB with RF 27.24% & Gas reserve 441.94BCF with RF 70.26%.