Date: 19/05/2011

cÜxÑtÜxw uç cÜxÑtÜxw yÉÜ

Sl Name ID
no Muhassina Ahmed
01 Faysal Islam 09322015
02 Shahriar Al-
Al-Sehab 09322131 Lecturer of
03 Sumon Miah 09322121
04 Mohammad Sajib 09322079
City University
05 Jalis Mahmud 10123144
06 Mehedi arif 09322108
At first I would like to give thanks to our honorable madam who has given the chance to make
an assignment on such kind of important topic….. She also help us by giving some important
data & information those which have done a major job to do this assignment.

We are also very grateful to our classmates, they help us by giving some important links….

Allah might help us to carry on this type of work & for this what we already done
“Alhamdulillah”.

F.Islam
Serial Topic

01 The starting

02 Loom

03 History

04 Classification of loom

05 Difference between hand loom & power loom

06 Why Power loom is used hugely

07 Last word
 The starting
The beginning of the journey of human being when they discovered themselves at the same
time they discover many threats of their life. They come to know that without protection they
can’t live. To be save from beast they use fire, to protect their body from harmful condition of
climate & from insects they started to use sinews, leaves, bust of tress etc.

With the time human want to use their cloths for many other reasons too as like-

Identification

Protection

For looking good

Aristocratic purpose

So, they spend their time to make some improvement in cloth. This effort gives us many
things as like as loom.

Loom
A loom is a device for weaving threads for getting cloth. This machine produces fabric by
interlacing a series of lengthwise, parallel yarns width a series of widthwise parallel yarns. The
development of this machine made cloth much more affordable and available to a greater
number of people.

It is only used for weaving.

 History

Weaving is the systematic interlacing of two or more sets of elements usually, but not
necessarily, at right angles, to form a coherent structure. No one knows when or where the
weaving process actually began, but as far back as there are relics of civilized life, it is thought
that weaving was a part of developing civilizations. Because of the perishable nature of textile
goods, information found about the beginning stages of weaving is sketchy, and tracing the
development of textiles is a difficult task and a tremendous challenge. Due to nature's hazards
of erosion, climatic conditions, insects, and fire, few examples of early woven fabrics survived.
Therefore, much of what is written about primitive weaving is based on speculation. There are,
however, certain circumstances under which remnants of fabrics have survived: arid regions,
bog lands, sealed tombs, and extremely cold areas. Because of these artifacts, we are fortunate
to have some examples of early textiles and weaving tools.

The everyday needs of our prehistoric ancestors probably led them to create objects using fiber
as a medium. It is thought that ancient humans instinctively used weaving as an aid in their
quest for basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing. It is not unlikely that people might have
realized the possibilities of the woven structure after observing spider webs, birds' nests, or the
construction of a beaver's dam. These findings probably led to the interlacing of twigs or vines,
and resulted in netting which surely assisted humans in catching fish and trapping game. In
addition, by using twining or braiding techniques, it is likely that primitive people learned to
make mats to cover floors of huts, which helped insulate against dampness or cold. Eventually,
people used weaving skills to make exterior coverings for shelters, so they would be somewhat
protected from harsh weather and/or from predators.

Archeologists believe that basket making and weaving were probably the first "crafts"
developed by humans. Once primitive people learned ways of creating a woven structure, the
possibilities were endless: netting, coverings for huts, containers for goods, carriers for the
young, rugs, blankets, hammocks, pouches, body coverings. Along with our ancestors' ongoing
quest for survival, there is evidence of an unconstrained desire by humans to embellish the
objects created. The use of natural dyes on reeds or the combination of varying sizes and colors
of weaving elements to create patterns, was likely an attempt to express individualism and an
aesthetic sensibility. Human beings naturally have a strong compulsion to be creative, and our
records show that this trait was prevalent in our ancestors' lives thousands of years ago.

Research indicates that cultures on every continent devised crude looms and methods of
making webs, and further study tells that us there was great similarity in the looms constructed
and in the weavings produced.

In 1785, Edmund Cartwright patented the first power loom and set up a factory in Doncaster,
England to manufacture cloth.
 Figure: First power loom

Classification of loom
There are mainly 2 types of loom there. These are:

• Hand loom
• Power loom

The whole classification is given bellow.

 Loom

Hand loom Power loom

Vertical loom Pit loom Hater slay Frame loom Semi-Automatic loom

Throw shuttle Fly shuttle Throw shuttle Fly shuttle

Conventional/ shuttle loom Modern / shuttle less loom

Ordinary loom Automatic loom

Jet loom Rapier loom Projectile loom Multiphase loom

Air jet Water jet Flexible Rigid Flat Circula

r

Double Single Double Single

 Difference between hand loom & power loom

Hand loom Power loom

Manual operating system Operated by electric power

Shedding is done by pedal and picking Shedding picking and beating is done
and beating is done by manual automatically

Less production High production

Slow running speed High running speed

Initial investment is low Initial investment is high

Less number of design verity Can be More number of design verity is

produced possible

Check and stripe fabrics are produced Normally one color fabric is produced.

Why Power loom is used hugely

 High weft insertion rote i.e. higher rate.

 Absence of prin winding.
 Weft supply from large cone of up to 8-9 lb weight.
 Central lubrication system.
 Provide increased weavers productivity by more than 40%.
 Half of over lookers work load.
  Reduction in maintenance cost.
 Reduction in labor cost resulting from elimination of pirn winding & battery filling
through the use of creled, cone/ Cheese for weft supply.
 Reduction immaterial handling generally could be achieved by the use of large beams
and cloth rolls.
 Low power consumption per meter of fabric.
 Reduction in noise level.
 Reduction cost.
 Automatic light indication in case of any kind of fault helps to quickly identify and beat
the fault.
 Motorized warp let-off.
 Automatic pick finding.
 Cam beat-up system.
 Electrical warp weft stops motion.
 Uniform weft tension.
 Unidirectional weft insertion.
 Easy operation of loom.

Because of the hand loom already is out of use we will discuss about power loom only……
………… ……… ……… …………… ………… ………..

Projectile loom

A shuttle-less loom method for filling yarn insertion using a small metal device resembling a
bullet in appearance with a clamp for gripping the yarn at one end, which is then propelled into
and through the shed.
Jet loom

Water jet Loom

A loom using a jet of water to carry the yarn through the shed.

Air Jet Loom

A shuttle less loom capable of very high speeds that uses an air jet to propel the filling yarn
through the shed.
Rapier Loom

The most common loom used for weaving graphite yarn consisting of a blade with a yarn clamp
or grip at one end. In the simplest form the rapier is carried into the shed and across the width
of the fabric.

Multiphase Loom

A shuttle less machine having lifters controlled by electromagnets. Activated by

electromagnets are lifters that, according to the weave pattern, must reside in the upper shed.
The lifter is arranged...

A multi-phase loom with magnetic shuttle features that the spiral reed blade with shuttle path
is used for beating-up, the linear motor is used for wefting, the heald wheel or
electromagnetically excited heald needle is used for opening, and the weft opening with off-line
multi-path asynchronous weft replenishing is used. Its advantages include high efficiency, high
speed and low weaving cost
 Last word

Loom is the very first machine of textile technology. For this reason we have to learn this perfectly. We
have to know about its past/present. Then we can make some difference. Because without counting 1,2
can’t come.

This is only a little try for acquiring knowledge. Who knows, how this little thing will be help for us.

But we are waiting to see what will be happen in future………..

THE END