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Irene Hirsch*
Abstract: Many different versions of the works of Herman Melville have been published
in Brazil. His most popular book, Moby-Dick, or The Whale was translated for the
first time by Monteiro Lobato in 1935. Various translations and adaptations were published
in the next decades, especially after the launching of the John Huston film. The different
readings of this work are the starting point for the discussion of aspects of the Brazilian
translation of novels.
in stronger times. But the half drowned body was torn, the soaked
skin cracked – and the overcast eyes barely distinguished the small
boats which the tiny wave swayed and the curious people on them
who shot their cameras against the first whale of their lives.1
1
Moby Dick ia perdendo as forças. Já a corrente a desviava para a margem,
para a ignomínia do encalhe definitivo, para as águas baixas, poluídas dos
dejectos de um milhão de seres humanos. Se a baleia não fosse um animal
certamente obtuso e sem memória, viria agora à rede do estilo a lembrança
dos grandes e abertos mares por onde navegara no tempo da sua robustez.
Mas o corpo meio afundado desagregava-se, a pele estalava e embebia-se de
água – ao passo que os olhos turvos mal distinguiam os barquinhos que a
mareta sacudia e os curiosos que dentro deles disparavam as máquinas foto-
gráficas contra a primeira baleia de sua vida (1996:73) (my translation)1.
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Crop , 6, 2001
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HIRSCH, Irene. Translations of Herman Melville in Brazil.
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Crop , 6, 2001
Back translation:
A curious detail: this gigantic black was the squire of the shortest
man on the Pequod – Flask, who looked like a chess-man next to
the king.
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HIRSCH, Irene. Translations of Herman Melville in Brazil.
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HIRSCH, Irene. Translations of Herman Melville in Brazil.
2
According to Hallewell (1985:568) 18,000 Brazilian news-stands sold 150,000
volumes of A Bíblia mais bela do mundo. The expansion of themes was also
impressive: the week installlments of the philosophy collection Os Pensadores
sold 100,000 copies per day in 1974.
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Crop , 6, 2001
The first edition had a hard red cover, the title printed in gold
letters, and was accompanied by a twenty-page illustrated pamphlet;
for the new edition, released in 1980, the cover was changed and the
book was printed in two volumes.
In a very rigorous list of the ten greatest books of all times, one
would include without hesitation the great novel of Herman Melville,
Moby-Dick. It is a key work of universal literature and can be placed
with Gulliver, Tom Jones, D. Quijote and other literary monuments.
Like the above mentioned, Moby-Dick allows for two readings: the
scholarly, which does not dispense with the reading of the original;
and the popular, which only uses its episodic aspect3. (1970:10) (my
translation).
3
Numa lista rigorosa dos dez maiores livros de todos os tempos, muitos críti-
cos incluíriam sem hesitações o grande romance de Herman Melville, Moby
Dick, Trata-se, portanto, de uma obra-chave da literatura universal. Situa-se
em pé de igualdade com Gulliver, Tom Jones, D. Quixote e outros poucos monu-
mentos literários. Tal como os citados, Moby Dick comporta duas penetra-
ções: a erudita, que não prescinde da leitura do original; e a popular, que lhe
aproveita apenas o lado episódico.
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HIRSCH, Irene. Translations of Herman Melville in Brazil.
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HIRSCH, Irene. Translations of Herman Melville in Brazil.
whale, the fights between the men, the destruction of the Pequod,
and the survival of Ishmael.
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Crop , 6, 2001
Cover of Cia Ed. Nacional (1958) where captain Ahab looks like Gregory
Peck.
References
COELHO , Nelly Novaes. Panorama Histórico da Literatura Infantil/juvenil (A
Historical Panorama of Children’s Literature). São Paulo: Quíron, 1985.
141
HIRSCH, Irene. Translations of Herman Melville in Brazil.
MELVILLE, Herman. Moby Dick, a fera do mar. Tr. Monteiro Lobato e Adalberto
Rochsteiner. São Paulo: Cia Editora Nacional, 1935.
142