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Fourier Representation of continuous time signals

Properties of Fourier Transforma

• Translation Shifting a signal in time domain introduces linear

phase in the frequency domain.

f (t) ←→ F (ω)

f (t − t0 ) ←→ e−jωt0 F (ω)

Proof:
aF and F −1 correspond to the F orward and Inverse F ourier transf orms

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Z +∞
F (ω) = f (t − t0 )e−jωt dt
−∞

Put τ = t − t0

Z +∞
F (ω) = f (τ )e−jω(τ +t0 dt
−∞
Z +∞
= e−jωt0 f (τ )e−jωτ dτ (1)
−∞
= F (ω)e −jωt0
(2)

• Modulation A linear phase shift introduced in time domain

signals results in a frequency domain.

f (t) ←→ F (ω)
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ejω0 t f (t) ←→ F (ω − ω0 )

Proof:

Z +∞
F (ω) = f (t)ejω0 t e−jωt dt
−∞
Z +∞
= f (t)e−j(ω−ω0 )t dt (3)
−∞
= F (ω − ω0 ) (4)

• Scaling Compression of a signal in the time domain results in

an expansion in frequency domain and vice-versa.

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f (t) ←→ F (ω)
1 ω
f (at) ←→ F( )
|a| a
Proof:

Z +∞
F (ω) = f (at)e−jωt dt
−∞

Put τ = at
If a > 0

Z +∞
ω
F(f (at)) = f (τ )e−j a τ dτ
−∞
1 ω
= F( )
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a a
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If a < 0

Z +∞
−j ω
aτ
F(f (at)) = − f (τ )e dτ
−∞
1 ω
= F( )
a a
T heref ore
1 ω
F(f (at)) = F( )
|a| a

• Duality

f (t) ←→ F (ω)
F (t) ←→ 2πf (−ω)

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Replace t with ω and ω with t in
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Z +∞
F (ω) = f (t)e−jωt dt
−∞
Z +∞
F (t) = f (ω)e−jtω dω
−∞

But the inverse Fourier transform of a given FT f (ω) is

Z +∞
1
g(t) = f (ω)ejωt dω
2π −∞

Therefore

F (t) = 2πF −1 (f (−ω))

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or

F (t) ←→ 2πf (−ω)

Example:

δ(t) ←→ 1
1 ←→ 2πδ(−ω)
= 2πδ(ω)b

• Convolution Convolution of two signals in the time domain

results in multiplication of their Fourier transforms.

f1 (t) ∗ f2 (t) ←→ F1 (ω)F2 (ω)

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Z
g(t) = f1 (t) ∗ f2 (t) = −∞+∞ f1 (τ )f2 (t − τ )dτ

Proof:

Z +∞ Z +∞
F(g(t)) = f1 (τ )f2 (t − τ )dτ e−jωt dt
−∞ −∞
Z +∞ Z +∞
= f1 (t) f2 (t)e−jωt dtdτ
−∞ −∞
Z +∞
= f1 (τ )F2 (ω)e−jωτ dτ
−∞
= F1 (ω)F2 (ω)

• Multiplication Multiplication of two signas in the time domain

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results in convolution of their Fourier transforms
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1
f1 (t)f2 (t) ←→ F1 (ω) ∗ F2 (ω)
2π
This can be easily proved using the Duality Property
• Differentiation in time

d
f (t) ←→ jωF (ω)
dt
Proof:

Z +∞
1
f (t) = F (ω)ejωt dω
2π −∞

Differentiating both sides w.r.t t yields the result.

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• Differentiation in Frequency
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n
n d F (ω)
(−jt) f (t) ←→
dω
This follows from the duality property.
• Integration in time

Z t
1
f (t)dt ←→ F (ω)
−∞ jω

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