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2 Data Organization and Data Control
8. Which of the following statements about parity 11. Which of the following cannot be a field name
check is correct? of a database table?
(1) The numbers of ‘1’ bits of all data A. Length
sequences are the same if they are being
transmitted correctly. B. Height
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Short Questions
1. The following table shows a data sheet of new customers. The data is about to be inputted into a computer
database table.
(a) In the above table, find out one error that can be checked by each of the following methods.
(b) Find out all other errors and state the validation techniques needed to locate them. (4 marks)
• The last digit of Lam Chi Wai’s HKID is invalid. (1) Validation technique: check digit (1)
• Chan Tai Man’s contact number contains only seven digits. (1) Validation technique: field length check (1)
2. (a) State the difference between data verification and data validation. (4 marks)
Data verification is a control used to check whether the inputted data matches that in the source document (2) while data validation is the
process of comparing data with a set of rules or values to make sure that the data is reasonable and valid (2).
(b) Name two data verification techniques and two data validation techniques. (4 marks)
Data verification techniques:
• Input the same set of data twice by the same person. (1)
Field presence check / field length check / range check / fixed value check / format check / type check / check digit (any two × 1)
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2 Data Organization and Data Control
3. (a) Describe how data is retrieved in sequential access mode and direct access mode. (2 marks)
In sequential access mode, data records are stored one by one and accessed in an ordered sequence. (1) In direct access mode, it is no
(b) Complete the following table by comparing external USB hard disks with magnetic tapes. (3 marks)
(c) A company in Hong Kong wants to back up 10 GB of data from its file server every two weeks. The
backed-up copies will be sent to the London headquarter by ship. Which storage media, external USB
hard disks or magnetic tapes, should be used? Give two reasons to support your choice. (3 marks)
Magnetic tapes. (1) It is because the cost of magnetic tapes is lower than that of hard disks. (1) Besides, magnetic tapes are not brittle, so
(b) Is there any difference between even parity check and odd parity check? (1 mark)
No (1)
(c) Add one even parity bit to each of the following data. (2 marks)
00111010 10001100 11111110 11010010
001110100 (0.5) 100011001 (0.5) 111111101 (0.5) 110100100 (0.5)
(d) Suggest one situation that parity check cannot detect the occurrence of errors. (2 marks)
When an even number of bits are interchanged, parity check will be unable to detect the occurrence of the errors. (2)
5. (a) Give two unique features of a database management system that cannot be found in other application
software. (2 marks)
Query form / report / data entry form (any two × 1)
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(b) Briefly describe how database management systems are involved in daily life.
bank server then updates the user’s bank account in the account database. (1)
Long Questions
1. Ms Wong is an English teacher. She has marked the final examination papers of all the Secondary 3 students
and written the examination marks onto a marking sheet as shown below.
66
1 80
Mark: 2 6
Mark: 85
(a) (i) State what source of error has Ms Wong made in producing the marking sheet? Suggest how the
mistake can be corrected. (3 marks)
Transcription error. (1) She should correct the second examination mark from 6 to 66. (2)
(ii) Suggest one method for data verification which can be used to spot the mistake mentioned above.
(1 mark)
Inputting data twice (1)
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2 Data Organization and Data Control
(b) Ms Wong does not know she has made the mistake in the marking sheet. She is then required to enter
the data into a database system herself for printing the examination reports. The mistake therefore
continues.
Can the data verification method answered in part (a)(ii) be used to avoid the mistake to continue?
Explain your answer briefly. (2 marks)
No. (1) It is because the concerned mark is already wrong. (1)
(c) Which student(s) will be affected by the mistake? Explain your answer briefly. (3 marks)
All the Secondary 3 students (Remark: ‘All Class 3A students’ is also accepted.) (2)
This is because the form position (or class position) of all the Secondary 3 (Class 3A) students will be affected by this piece of incorrect data.
(1)
(d) The school principal is unhappy after finding such careless mistake made by Ms Wong. He then asks
the IT teacher to modify the database system to avoid this kind of mistake in the future. In responding
to the principal’s request, the IT teacher produces a query form to list out all the records which are
required for double check. Describe, in plain English, the condition which should be set in the query
form. (1 mark)
You can start by writing:
Filter out the records with the examination marks less than the passing mark (1) (or any reasonable answer) .
2. (a) New ISBNs consist of 13 digits instead of 10, for example, 978-988-00-5252-1.
The last digit (known as the check digit) is calculated in the following steps:
1. For the first 12 digits, start counting from the left, multiply odd-positioned digits by 1 and even-
positioned digits by 3, where 1 and 3 are the weights for the ISBN digits.
2. Sum up the products calculated in step 1.
3. Divide the sum by 10.
4. The check digit will be the value obtained from subtracting the remainder in step 3 from 10.
(i) Complete the following table and evaluate whether the ISBN 978-988-00-5252-1 is valid.
(3 marks)
ISBN digit 9 7 8 9 8 8 0 0 5 2 5 2
Weight 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 (0.5)
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evaluated will be 1. This shows that the check digit is unable to identify this error. (2)
(c) When an ISBN contains exactly one error, can the check digit always identify the occurrence of it?
Explain your answer briefly. (4 marks)
Case 1: the error takes place in the first 12 digits of an ISBN
The resultant sum of products can never have an increment (for the wrong digit being larger than the correct one) or decrement (for the
wrong digit being smaller than the correct one) which is a multiple of 10. Therefore, the evaluated check digit must not be the same as the
stated check digit. In order words, the occurrence of the error can be identified in this case. (1.5)
If the only error in the ISBN takes place at the check digit, this means that the first 12 digits are all correct. Then, the evaluated check digit
can never be the incorrect one. In order words, the occurrence of the error can be identified in this case. (1.5)
In conclusion, combining the two cases, a check digit can always identify the occurrence of exactly one error in an ISBN. (1)
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