COMPUTER

A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates

data, and provides output in a useful format.
While a computer can, in theory, be made out of almost anything (see misconcepti
ons section), and mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of
recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid
-20th century (1940 1945). Originally, they were the size of a large room, consumi
ng as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs).[1] Modern c
omputers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more cap
able than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space.[2] Simple comp
uters are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and can be powered by a small
battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information
Age and are what most people think of as "computers". However, the embedded com
puters found in many devices from MP3 players to fighter aircraft and from toys
to industrial robots are the most numerous.

CD

A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an optical disc used to store digital dat
a. It was originally developed to store and playback sound recordings exclusivel
y, but later expanded to encompass data storage CD-ROM, write-once audio and dat
a storage CD-R, rewritable media CD-RW, Video Compact Discs (VCD), Super Video C
ompact Discs (SVCD), PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced CD. Audio CDs have b
een commercially available since October 1982.
Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 mm and can hold up to 80 minutes of uncompre
ssed audio (700 MB of data). The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 t
o 80 mm; they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of aud
io or delivering device drivers.
CD-ROMs and CD-Rs remain widely used technologies in the computer industry. The
CD and its extensions are successful: in 2004, worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-R
OM, and CD-R reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been s
old worldwide.[1] In 2011, compact discs have been largely replaced by other for
ms of digital storage such as flash drives, with audio CD sales dropping nearly
50% from their peak in 2000.[2]

ROCKET

A rocket or rocket vehicle is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle w

hich obtains thrust from a rocket engine. In all rockets, the exhaust is formed
entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use.[1] Rocket engine
s work by action and reaction. Rocket engines push rockets forwards simply by th
rowing their exhaust backwards extremely fast.
Rockets for military and recreational uses date back to at least 13th century Ch
ina.[2] Significant scientific, interplanetary and industrial use did not occur
until the 20th century, when rocketry was the enabling technology of the Space A
ge, including setting foot on the moon.
Rockets are used for fireworks, weaponry, ejection seats, launch vehicles for ar
tificial satellites, human spaceflight and exploration of other planets. While c
omparatively inefficient for low speed use, they are very lightweight and powerf
ul, capable of generating large accelerations and of attaining extremely high sp
eeds with reasonable efficiency.
Chemical rockets are the most common type of rocket and they typically create th
eir exhaust by the combustion of rocket propellant. Chemical rockets store a lar
ge amount of energy in an easily released form, and can be very dangerous. Howev
er, careful design, testing, construction and use minimizes risks.

CELL

A mobile phone (also called mobile, cellular telephone, or cell phone) is an ele
ctronic device used for two-way radio telecommunication over a cellular network
of base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones differ from cordless telepho
nes, which only offer telephone service within limited range through a single ba
se station attached to a fixed land line, for example within a home or an office
.
A mobile phone allows its user to make and receive telephone calls to and from t
he public telephone network which includes other mobiles and fixed-line phones a
cross the world. It does this by connecting to a cellular network owned by a mob
ile network operator. A key feature of the cellular network is that it enables s
eamless telephone calls even when the user is moving around wide areas via a pro
cess known as handoff or handover.
In addition to being a telephone, modern mobile phones also support many additio
nal services, and accessories, such as SMS (or text) messages, e-mail, Internet
access, gaming, Bluetooth and infrared short range wireless communication, camer
a, MMS messaging, MP3 player, radio and GPS. Low-end mobile phones are often ref
erred to as feature phones, whereas high-end mobile phones that offer more advan
ced computing ability are referred to as smartphones.
The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr. Martin Cooper of Motorol
a in 1973, using a handset weighing 2 kg (4.4 lb).[1] Motorola released the firs
t commercially available mobile phone, the DynaTAC 8000x, in 1983. In the year 1
990, 12.4 million people worldwide had cellular subscriptions.[2] By the end of
2009, less than 20 years later, the number of mobile cellular subscriptions worl
dwide reached approximately 4.6 billion, 370 times the 1
990 number, penetrating the developing economies and reaching the bottom of the
economic pyramid.[3]

CALC
A calculator is a small (often pocket-sized), usually inexpensive electronic dev
ice used to perform the basic operations of arithmetic. Modern calculators are m
ore portable than most computers, though most PDAs are comparable in size to han
dheld calculators.
The first calculators were mechanical, they were preceded by and competed agains
t mechanical clerical aids such as abaci, Napier's bones and slide rules and var
ious books of mathematical tables. The true precursors to the mechanical calcula
tor were machines made of toothed gears linked by carry mechanisms like odometer
s, astrolabes, clocks and pedometers.[1] The mechanical calculator was invented
in 1642,[2] and the first commercially successful device was manufactured from 1
851. The end of the 19th century saw the introduction of machines with columns o
f keys like the comptometer while 10 key calculators and electric motors appeare
d in the early part of the 20th century.[3] Electric calculators saw improvement
s to the mechanical design, in parallel with analog computers; the first digital
electronic calculators were created in the 1960s, with pocket-sized devices bec
oming available in the 1970s, especially after the invention of the microprocess
or developed serendipitously by Intel for a busicom calculator.
Modern calculators are electrically powered (usually by battery and/or solar cel
l) and vary from cheap, give-away, credit-card sized models to sturdy adding mac
hine-like models with built-in printers. They first became popular in the late 1
960s as decreasing size and cost of electronics made possible devices for calcul
ations, avoiding the use of scarce and expensive computer resources. By the 1980
s, calculator prices had reduced to a point where a basic calculator was afforda
ble to most. By the 1990s they had become common in math classes in schools, wit
h the idea that students could be freed from basic calculations and focus on the
concepts.
Computer operating systems as far back as early Unix have included interactive c
alculator programs such as dc and hoc, and calculator functions are included in
almost all PDA-type devices (save a few dedicated address book and dictionary de
vices).
In addition to general purpose calculators, there are those designed for specifi
c markets; for example, there are scientific calculators which focus on operatio
ns slightly more complex than those specific to arithmetic for instance, trigono
metric and statistical calculations. Some calculators even have the ability to d
o computer algebra. Graphing calculators can be used to graph functions defined
on the real line, or higher dimensional Euclidean space. They often serve other
purposes, however.