c



 

 

 c


O


He always planned to invade eastern front for their crops and other minerals



O 
  
M 
 always revealed that he intended to invade Russia for Lebensraum, he wanted the
oil of Russia
M He wanted to use Russia as farming land and wanted the Swedes to settle there and farm
M He knew that it would take longer to occupy Russia as it is bigger
p Ôut he still thought he could do all of Russia in one summer
M ëirective 21: They always had intended to take over Russia before he finished with the war and
Ôritain
M 0artoon: Ôoth of them holding each other around the shoulder, and holding guns behind their
back, and on Stalin͛s side of the boundary there are oil fields which was Hitler͛s ultimate goal


 O


 

M Stalin was paranoid
p ëue to this Paranoia he ended up thinking about the situation with Germany and he
knew that Germany would attack them but he did not expect this until both Ôritain ANë
France were defeated. He expected 1942.
p His advisors told him that the attack may come in 1941
p ÿhen France was defeated he sent Molotov (His foreign minister) to discuss with Ôerlin
to prevent the attack
[ Ôut he came back with news that Germany did not want a deal
p Meanwhile Germany had been planning their invasion of Russia (Operation Ôarbarossa)
[ Three prong attack in multiple phases (Leningrad was a target)
p As soon as the discussions failed, Hitler ordered the finalization of the plan
p Start date of May 15, 1941
p He expected the time period until the winter to be enough to defeat the Russians
[ He did know about the harsh conditions of the Russian winter
[ His general (Goebbels) in July, expected the operation to take even less that 4
months - he also expected Ôolshevism to collapse and aid their purpose to take
over Russia
M Note that even in july they had not won
ÿ   
M He got information from many sources which suggested the attack
M Richard Sorge
p He obtained information about the invasion as early as ëecember 1940
M ÿinston 0hurchill
p He sent a personal message to Stalin saying that the troops were moving the east. Sent
in April 1940
[ However he was suspicious of the Ôritish as he thought that the Ôritish wanted
him to enter the war so that it would relieve the stress on them.
st
M ün 21 June 1941, a German soldier switched sides to Russia, and told them about the invasion
p He still thought the information was suspicious
M Finally when the invasion came in, he realized that all his attempts at peace had failed

V
  

 
M The attack was three pronged intended to take control of the key areas of Russia
M  million German forces, 400 Tanks, advanced in  groups
p North group headed to Leningrad ʹ Symbolic Location
p 0enter group to Moscow ʹ The 0apital
p South group to Ukraine ʹ The resources
M General ëemitry Pavlov ʹ responsible for defending Minsk
p 0alled back and shot
M He made it clear that any commander than failed would be killed harshly by the Germans
p Ôetter die the Germans
M The German army decided to massacre the civilian population
p They wanted the land for their own people anyway
p Soviet people now had two people to fear ʹ Stalin would kill if you surrendered ʹ üf you
fight Hitler would Kill you
[ Rather keep fighting


 





M First few months bad for Soviet unions
M German forces were capturing all the cities were supposed to capture
M ]hukov suggested the troops be pulled out of Kiev
p Stalin did not do it, and ended up losing the most men they ever lost in the war
p The resistance at Kiev was very determined, and it doesn͛t fall until September and
greatly delayed the attack on Moscow
M Now it was September was close and the winter was closing in, and German forces are moving
deeper into Russia and supply lines were getting longer
M Stalin said, upon withdrawal, destroy everything they Germans could use
 p This made it so that the German did not benefit from capturing a city
M Guerrilla units formed behind the German destroyed the supply lines and made his difficult for
them





 
M October 1941 ʹ German troops were only under 0km outside of Moscow
M Mass evacuation city was ordered ʹ Stalin did not want a massacre of civilians here
M Stalin rallied morale by staying in Moscow
p Stayed in a bomb shelter ʹ all orders had to go through him
M November 1941 ʹ The Germans still had not succeeded and launches an attack
p They hold out the attack
p ün addition they counter-attack
M German troops were demoralized after failure and counter attack from the Russian Army
p They started to retreat
p First time in ÿÿüü
p Ôy January of 1942, they had been pushed back 200 miles
[ The ÿinter helped the Russians

  ÿ



 

M Stalin had a simple military strategy
p Attack frequently ʹ Attack to wear them down
p He also used new troops rather than using worn out troops. He estimated that the new
troops would be more eager to fight
p He theorized that others had feared German Superiority and lost
[ He convinced that they were not invincible troops, that the Germans were weak
at points
p The victory at the battle, Stalin proved that Ôlitzkrieg could be countered

^
 


 


 
M On May 9th 1942 ʹ General Semen Timoshenko with 640,00, attack the 6th Army at Volchansk
p This was the same army that took France
M They moved back and they were recused by General Paul von Kleist
M They launched a counter attack and they succeeded

V



  

M Paulus advanced to Stalin guns
p 250,000 men, 500 tanks, 7000 field guns and mortars, 25,000 horses
p The progress of the army was very slow and fuel was being rationed
 [ Supply lines were too long
[ July 1942 ʹ Paulus͛ army halted until August for fuel
p He had some success for a little bit until he ran out of fuel
p Fresh supplies reached him again
[ Ôut he decided to move infantry on foot and give fuel to the tanks
[ Red army attacked them and brought them to a halt
[ Paulus then circled the city rather than attack the Red Army
p ÿaited until September 7, Luftwaffe then bombed the city heavily

V



  
M ëid not have much strategic importance but it was of symbolic importance
M The Russians fought for every single building
p He told the civilians to stay as he believed they would fight for a live city than a dead
one
M The deeper the troops got in, the fight became more difficult (for both sides)
M Panzers were ineffective in the city as they depended in the wide open grounds
p They also had to gather in large groups to attack, but in the urban situation attacking in
mass formation were unable to attack as groups
M Panzers were the deadliest tanks ʹ but they were also the biggest, and as a result they were
unable to get to where they what
p They got the panzers stuck and when they went into revere, the tank was vulnerable
and the enemies could attack from the back and kill them
M Most of the fighting was traditional combat, and the Russians had the advantage as they knew
the city inside out as they even had the plans of the city
p The hid all their weapons
p Used snipers
M On the 26th of September ʹ raised Swastika over government building
p Hitler declares victory
p Street fighting continues
M Hitler tells Paulus to take Stalingrad no matter the cost
M Paulus had lost 40,000 men and asked Hitler for reinforcements
p He gets what͛s useless to him
M Stalin ordered  more armies to the city as he recognized that this was a war of attrition
p This greatly overpowers Paulus
M Soviet losses were greater but Stalin had more men at his disposal

 

 

^
 

  
  

M Heavy rains deteriorated the conditions
M 19th October, rain turns to snow ʹ it͛s becoming cold
p Roads will freeze
 M Paulus still makes progress and by November he control 90% of the city
p Ôut his men are now exhausted
M Ôerlin orders another offensive and they get hampered
p Red Army counter attacks 2 days later
M Hitler promised Luftwaffe attack to Paulus

V
 


 
  

M Throughout ëecember, they dropped an average 70 tons of supplies a day
p They needed 00 to sustain the army as the army was surrounded by the Red Army
p The soldiers were put on 1/ rations
[ ëifficult to fight a battle with low food and it is winter
M Started to eat the horses
th
M 7 of ëecember ʹ One loaf of bread for every 5 men
M Hitler sees the risk of failure and he orders Manstein to rescue the 6th Army
p Red Army stops him and he retreats
M 28,00 German soldiers die in a month, Paulus orders that only the men who could fight were fed
M Manstein orders Paulus to try a Mass breakout
p Paulus rejects the order as he does not have enough men to make the breakout

V
!


M German 6th army pretty much destroyed
p Paulus surrenders unlike Hitler͛s wish (suicide)
M Russians couldn͛t believe a field Marshall surrendered
p He was treated properly unlike his men
M Men captured and 45,000 died during the march to the prison and only 7,000 survived the war
M They were very disadvantaged in terms of equipment

V

 


" #
M Many see Stalingrad as the turning point the war
M Symbolic loss of Hitler͛s 6th army which took France easily
M The pressure was taken of the ÿestern Allies and Ôritain ü sable to rebuild and the USA enters
the war
p USA was brought in, by Japan͛s attack on pearl harbour
p USA was now a party in the war rather that a supplier
M Hitler suffered heavy losses as he lost a lot of men and a lot of his tanks


    
M They had won but at massive cost