contents

Note from the President of the IALM................................................................... 11

Forensic Anthropology
S. Raja, B. H. Stuart, P. S. Thomas, C. O’Brien
Pyrolysis gas chromatography – mass spectrometry analysis for the
estimation of pig bone age for forensic application................................. 15
S. J. Notter, B. H. Stuart, B. B. Dent, N. Langlois
Adipocere formation in a river environment........................................... 19
D. V. Fuzinato, S. F. S. M. Silva, L. R. Fontes, D. N. Vieira,
M. C. N. Mendonça, J. L. Morais, M. Marino
Archaeology of Death and Forensic Sciences in Mosteiro da Luz,
São Paulo, Brazil: the excavation can make a difference in forensic
anthropological study of mummies and skeletons................................... 23
D. H. Ubelaker
Recent Advances in Forensic Anthropology............................................ 29
E. N. Conceição, H. F. V. Cardoso
Estimating age at death from the size of the growing epiphyses and
metaphyses of the femur and tibia at the knee........................................ 33
F. Faria, M. Andrade, H. F. V. Cardoso
Estimating Age at Death in Adults from Degenerative Changes
in the Sternal End of the Clavicle – Preliminary Results using a
Bayesian approach................................................................................. 39
R. Henriques de Gouveia, E. Cunha, F. Costa Santos, J. Costa Santos
Juxtacortical osteoma: an histopathological diagnosis
in an anthropological specimen.............................................................. 45
S. V. Tedeschi-Oliveira, R. F. H. Melani, N. H. Almeida, L. A. S. Paiva
Evaluation of soft tissue thicknesses with the purpose
of Facial Reconstruction in Brazilian...................................................... 49

Blood patterns
A. Verzeletti, V. Cortellini, N. Cerri, F. de Ferrari
Blood stains analysis on clothes: a case report......................................... 57
L. Souto, H. Moreira
Evaluation of Bloodstain Detection Tests for Forensic Applications......... 61

Forensic Genetic
A. M. Bento, H. Afonso Costa, F. Balsa, A. Serra, V. Lopes, L. Andrade,
C. Oliveira, L. Batista, M. J. Anjos, M. Carvalho, F. Corte-Real
Mixture detection applying mitochondrial DNA SNPs Vs traditional
mitochondrial DNA sequencing............................................................ 69
C. Veloso, A. M. Bento, H. Afonso Costa, V. Lopes, J. J. Gamero,
M. Carvalho, M. J. Anjos, S. Pantoja, F. Corte-Real
Comparative study of 15 STR forensic loci between a Bolivian population
and Central and South America populations................................................. 75
C. Vieira-Silva, I. Lucas, R. Espinheira
Forensic Implications of a Single Duplication in DYS448....................... 79
J. Bom, P. Dario, A. Sucena, T. Ribeiro, H. Geada
The interest of mitochondrial dna coding region snps............................ 83
J. Silva, T. Ribeiro, J. Gonçalves, H. Geada
Forensic Y-Str Study in Y-Chromosome Abnormalities .......................... 87
H. Afonso Costa, F. Balsa, A. M. Bento, A. Serra, V. Lopes, M. Carvalho,
L. Andrade, L. Batista, C. Oliveira, F. Corte-Real, M. J. Anjos
Species identification from genetic material with cytochrome b.............. 91
L. Sampaio, V. Lopes, M. Carvalho, A. Serra, C. Oliveira, L. Batista,
A. M. Bento, F. Balsa, J. J. Gamero, F. Corte-Real, M. J. Anjos
AmpFlSTR® MiniFiler™ PCR Amplification kit: a powerful tool for
genetic identification in criminal cases with low copy number samples... 95
L. Ganço, M. Carvalho, F. Balsa, A. M. Bento, A. Serra, M. J. Anjos,
A. Xufre, F. Corte-Real
Genetic identification of animal samples
(Canis familiaris and Felis catus) in forensic context................................ 99
M. J. Pereira, M. L. Pontes, M. F. Pinheiro
The interest of nails in genetic identification
of human decomposed cadavers ............................................................ 103
L. Cainé, F. Pinheiro
The importance of STR specific databases: a comparative study ............ 109
M. Carvalho, P. Brito, A. M. Bento, V. Gomes, H. Antunes,
H. Afonso Costa, V. Lopes, A. Serra, F. Balsa, L. Andrade, M. J. Anjos,
L. Gusmão, F. Corte-Real
Paternal and maternal lineages in Cabo Verde archipelago population..... 115
P. Dario, T. Ribeiro, R. Espinheira, H. Geada
20 SNP-Plex as a Complement Method in Paternity Testing................... 123
R. N. Oliveira, A. M. Baraldi, L. M. Bezerra de Menezes
National scenery of the use of genetic identification technique
in the official services of identification and the dentist participation....... 129
T. Ribeiro, C. Vieira-Silva, P. Dario, I. Lucas, H. Geada, R. Espinheira
Heteropaternal twins investigation with missing alleged father................ 135
V. Bogas, M. Carvalho, M. J. Anjos, M. F. Pinheiro, F. Corte-Real
Degradation of buried DNA samples in different types of soil ............... 139
V. Lopes, R. Oliveira, B. Silva, A. Serra, F. Balsa, L. Andrade, M. Carvalho,
A. Bento, L. Batista, C. Oliveira, A. P. Sousa, F. Corte-Real, M. J. Anjos
Good practice in collecting samples from human fetus with few
gestation weeks..................................................................................... 145
Forensic odontology
A. Cruz-Landeira, J. Linares-Argote, M. Martínez-Rodríguez,
C. Bouzas-Montero, J. I. Muñoz, M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo, L. Concheiro
Dental age Estimation in Spanish and Venezuelan children.
Comparison of Demirjian´s and Chaillet´s scores................................... 149

Miscellaneous
A. E. Kastanaki, E. F. Kranioti, P. N. Theodorakis, M. Michalodimitrakis
Patterns of Suicide in Cretan Women..................................................... 157
H. Kinoshita, K. Matsui, M. Takahashi, M. Nishiguchi, H. Ouchi, T. Minami,
N. Ohtsu, S. Yoshida, N. Adachi, S. Hishida, M. Jamal, V. Tamaka, E. Ghkubo,
K. Ameno
Studies for the asbestos exposure in Japanese urban population ............. 165
M. Tavani, L. Andrello, L. Guzzetti, A. Osculati
Forensic Medicine Professional Services in Canton Ticino (Switzerland):
3 years of experience............................................................................. 169
L. Duarte de Carvalho, F. Hanaoka, H. Oliveira, I. Magalhães, K. Silva,
M. L. Manna
Alcohol and cell phone associated effects on car drivers tested in an
experimental roadtest............................................................................ 173
M. D. Freeman
A Bayesian assessment of unexplained fracture as a forensic test of child
abuse; quantification of uncertainty using the Error Odds approach....... 179
M. Dias Teixeira, R. Rangel, A. Dias Teixeira, V. Domingues, S. de Abajo
Olea, C. Delerue-Matos
Perception and Risk of Exposure to Xylene by Pathologic Anatomy Students.... 185
P. Pinto, V. Uroz, P. Morillas, C. Badía
Review of informed consent in gynecological and obstetrical
interventions with curettage: a study of 20 spanish centers..................... 193
A. R. Pereira, D. Nikoli ć, F. Gallo, L. Eiras, I. Pinto Ribeiro,
F. Costa Santos, J. Costa Santos
Fatal Electrocution a 10-year retrospective study in the Lisbon Area....... 199
B. Santos, S. Martins, A. Almeida, A. Santo, T. Magalhães
Diagnosing Death by Drowning through the Analysis of Blood Markers
by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry............................. 205
G. Castanheira, C. L. Santos, E. Sousa, M. C. Mendonça
Occupational Fatalities Characterization (2006-2008)............................ 209
C.. Allegue, M. Brión, M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo, R. Gil, M. Torres,
L. Concheiro, A. Carracedo
Large-scale mutation screening in Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)............ 211

Clinical forensic medicine and DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

G. Farina, C. Sciarabba, E. di Stefano, A. Argo, P. Procaccianti
Incest: Medical-Legal Perspectives.......................................................... 221
P. Garcia
A multidisciplinary network: perspective on the domain
of psychological violence in conjugality – part 1.................................... 225
J. Redondo
Domestic violence and forensic assessment:
A multidisciplinary network perspective on the domain of psychological
violence in conjugality – part 2.............................................................. 231
A. R. Pereira, L. Ferreira Alves, I. Pinto Ribeiro, J. Costa Santos
Intimate partner homicide-suicide a 5-year case review (2004-08)........... 241
M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo; S. Baleato; J. I. Muñoz; L. Concheiro
Imaging in Emergency Radiology: Clinical and Forensic aspects............. 247

forensic Toxicology
A. Cruz-Landeira, M. J. Tabernero-Duque, C. Bouzas-Montero, A. M. Bermejo
Deaths from Acute Reaction to Drugs and Psicoactive Substances
in Galicia in 2005................................................................................. 255
O. Quintela, M. Mon, P. Blanco, A. de Castro, M. Lopez-Rivadulla, A. Cruz
The Tooth as an Alternative Matrix in Forensic Toxicology. Application
to the Determination of Benzodiazepines............................................... 259
C. Buschmann, M. Tsokos, F. Schulz
Severe complications following low-dose application of methotrexate...... 263
N. Piloto, H. M. Teixeira, E. Teixeira-Lemos, B. Parada, P. Garrido,
J. Sereno, A. F. Pinto, E. Costa, L. Belo, A. Santos-Silva, R. Pinto,
P. Couceiro, P. Neto, F. Xavier, L. Carvalho, F. Teixeira, F. Reis
Erythropoietin doping as cause of sudden death
in athletes: an experimental study.......................................................... 267
N. Piloto, H. M. Teixeira, E. Teixeira-Lemos, B. Parada, P. Garrido,
J. Sereno, L. Ferreira, E. Costa, L. Belo, A. Santos-Silva, P. Rocha-Pereira,
J. Pego, G. Marques, M. Lourenço, C. A. Tavares, R. Alves, F. Teixeira, F. Reis
Toxicological effects of recombinant human erythropoietin doping
– chronic versus acute aerobic exercise................................................... 275
R. Silva, N. Costa, H. M. Teixeira, P. Proença, J. Vidinha, M. C. Mendonça,
F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira
Drugs of Abuse Analysis in Fatal Victims of Road Traffic and Labour
Accidents in the Centre of Portugal between 1990 and 2007.................. 283
H. M. Teixeira, N. Costa, R. Silva, P. Proença, J. Vidinha, M. C. Mendonça,
F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira
Ethanol Consumption & Road Traffic Accidents:
an overview between 1990 and 2007 in the Centre of Portugal............... 291
N. Costa, H. M. Teixeira, R. Silva, P. Proença, J. Vidinha, M. C. Mendonça,
F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira
Ethanol Monitoring in Labour Fatal Accidents:
an overview between 1990 and 2007 in the Centre of Portugal............... 299
L. Papi, A. B. Luciani, D. Forni, M. Giusiani
Lethal poisoning from Oleander............................................................ 307
M. Burrell, S. Francese, D. D. Cameron, C. Steels, M. Bennett, D. Wells,
T. Holman, J. Leake, M. Clench
MALDI-MSI – a new tool for metabolite analysis in forensic science...... 311
A. Dias Teixeira, M. Dias Teixeira, R. Rangel, S. Tarelho, V. Domingues,
S. de Abajo Olea, C. Delerue-Matos
Development and Validation of HPLC-UV Method to Determine
Creatinine and Metabolites of Xylene in Urine....................................... 319
M. Takahashi, H. Kinoshita, A. Kuse, M. Morichika, M. Nishiguchi,
H. Ouchi, T. Minami, K. Matsui, T. Yamamura, H. Motomura, N. Ohtsu,
S. Yoshida, N. Adachi, S. Hishida, Y. Ueno, H. Nishio
Application of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluoresce Spectrometry (EDX)
in Medico-Legal Autopsy Case............................................................... 325
P. Proença, J. Vidinha, H. Teixeira, F. Castanheira, M. C. Mendonça, E. Sousa,
C. Mustra, J. Franco, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira
Determination of Paraquat in blood and urine by Liquid
Chromatography-Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry.................................. 329
M. C. Djidja, M. R. Clench, P. M. Loadman, C. W. Sutton, P. Scriven,
E. Claude, M. F. Snel, J. Franck, M. Salzet, M. Burrell, S. Francese
Proteomic investigation of tissues of medical interest
by MALDI MSI.................................................................................... 335

Case report

A. Matsusue, A. Ishigami, K. Hara, M. Kashiwagi, M. Kageura, T. Sugimura,

S. Kubo
Genetic analysis of rhabdomyolysis-associated genes: an autopsy case of
methamphetamine-related hyperthermia and acidosis............................. 345
B. Santos, R. Oliveira, P. Sousa, G. Santos Costa, F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira
Simple Fracture = Good Clinical Evolution?
Regarding a case assessment in Civil Law............................................... 349
C. Buschmann, M. Tsokos, F. Schulz
Inborn heart deformation as a cause of sudden death in a 7-year old girl... 353
C. Carreira, A. S. Coelho, R. Sanches, G. Santos Costa, F. Corte-Real
Aesthetic Damage vs. Cosmetic Surgery. Implications
in Civil Law Evaluation......................................................................... 359
C. Carreira, R. Sanches, G. Santos Costa, D. N. Vieira
Establishing in Criminal Law the Correlation Between a Traumatic
Event and a Septal Perforation of the Nose: a case study......................... 363
C. Monteiro, C. Margalho, F. Castanheira, A. Mariano, F. Nascimento, J. Franco,
F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira
One Case of Drowning After Cyfluthrin Ingestion................................. 367
C. L. Santos, E. Sousa, G. Castanheira, C. Margalho, M. C. Mendonça
Strychnine poisoning: a case report........................................................ 373
C. L. Santos, G. Castanheira, E. Sousa, M. C. Mendonça, F. Corte-Real
Sudden death of cardiovascular aetiology in individuals younger than
45 years old.......................................................................................... 375
C. Margalho, A. Castanheira, A. Castañera, J. Franco, F. Corte-Real,
D. N. Vieira
Alternative Matrices: a case report......................................................... 377
S. Moriani, G. Stornelli, D. Siboldi
Murder after torture by side-arm: a case report....................................... 383
J. M.Suárez-Peñaranda, J. I. Muñoz-Barús, J. A. Ortiz,
M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo, L. Concheiro
Unexpected death following femoral catheterization............................... 387
J. A. Ortiz-Rey, E. M. Moledo, P. San Miguel, J. M. Suárez-Peñaranda,
L. Concheiro, M. S. Rodríguez-Calvo, J. I. Muñoz-Barús
Sclerosing lipogranuloma caused by accidental injection of industrial oil... 391
L. Guzzetti, A. Osculati, L. Andrello, L. Tajana
Esophago-pulmonary arterious fistula by ingestion of a foreign body:
a case report.......................................................................................... 393
L. Papi, D. Forni, M. Castagna, F. Becherini
Sudden death from Cryptococcal encephalitis........................................ 399
L. Papi, M. Giusiani, D. Marra, S. Chericoni
Lethal inhalation of Popper................................................................... 403
L. Andrello, P. Basso, T. Congiu, G. Carlesi, L. Tajana, A. Osculati
Historical-anthropological-forensic analysis of a skeleton from a grave
datable about year 1000 with traumatic lesions that indicate causes and
modalities of the death.......................................................................... 407
L. Andrello, G. Minonzio, N. Algisi, L. Tajana, A. Osculati
A rare case of traumatic laceration of intracranial vertebral artery
in absence of pathologies and directed traumas to the head.................... 419
V. Graziano, N. Cannovo, A. Tuccillo
Osteomyelites in newbord: a case report................................................. 427
P. Proença, J. Vidinha, H. Teixeira, C. Mustra, L. Cortesão, J. Franco,
F. Corte-Real, D. N. Vieira
Suicide By Drowning After Bromazepam Intoxication: a case report....... 431
R. Henriques de Gouveia, M. Paulo, M. J. Dias, F. Costa Santos, J. Santos
Sudden cardiac death a case with two distinct and unrelated causes........ 437
R. Henriques de Gouveia, G. Lérias, A. Mello e Silva, A. Martins,
L. Carneiro-Moura
Sudden cardiac death of a young football player..................................... 441
R. Henriques de Gouveia, D. Nikolic´, L. Eiras, F. Costa Santos, J. Costa Santos
Sudden death during sports activity: an unusual cause............................ 445
A. S. Coelho, C. Marques, R. Sanches, L. Cortesão, D. N. Vieira
Fall from a height with head trauma: due to or complicated by cardiac
dysfunction? One case study.................................................................. 449
D. Nikolic´, R. Henriques de Gouveia, F. Pedrosa, I. Pinto Ribeiro,
F. Costa Santos, J. Costa Santos
Giant hydatid cyst: an unsuspected possible cause of sudden death......... 453
 NOTE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE IALM

Founded in 1938, in Bonn (Germany), the International Academy of Legal Medicine

(IALM) is the oldest and most prestigious scientific association with international
scope in the sphere of Legal Medicine and the Forensic Sciences. Its membership is
drawn from every continent, with professionals and academics who are directly and
indirectly involved in the various areas of forensic expertise.
Its main aim is to further scientific progress in the field of Legal (Forensic)
Medicine, especially by promoting cooperation and information exchange among
specialists on an international level.
One of the many initiatives promoted by the IALM is the triennial scientific
conference, a meeting point where professionals and academics can exchange experiences,
engage in scientific discussion, share ideas and experiences, and keep in touch with the
latest theoretical, technological and scientific advances. Many of the papers presented
are subsequently published in the conference proceedings entitled Acta Medicinae
Legalis et Socialis, consisting of one or more volumes.
The 21st IALM Conference took place in May 2009 in Lisbon. It was a resounding
success, involving the participation of 1278 professionals and academics from 78
countries of the five continents. In addition to keynote lectures by some of the most
highly-respected forensic specialists in the international scene, over 600 scientific
works were presented in the form of conference papers and posters. Many of these
papers have since been published in specialist journals, including the International
Journal of Legal Medicine, the official organ of the IALM, published by Springer.
Despite this, we would like to continue the tradition (which dates back to the very
origins of IALM) of compiling and publishing a book containing papers by authors
that wish to divulge their work in this way.
We would like to take the opportunity to extend our sincerest thanks to all those
who participated in the 19th IALM Conference and presented there the results of

11
their professional experiences, research and reflections, and particularly to authors
that decide to publish their work in this book.
We are sure that this volume will provide a stimulating read, which will not only
contribute to the ethical principle of ongoing professional training, but will also
encourage you to participate in forthcoming IALM conferences and to present there
the fruits of your future work, hopefully to publish them in the International Journal
of Legal Medicine and in further editions of the Acta Medicinae Legalis et Socialis.

Duarte Nuno Vieira

President of IALM

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