“FIRE DETECTOR AND EXTINGUISHER ”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the

Requirement for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Electronics & Communication Engineering

Under the Supervision of

Mr. Vaneet Singh

Mr. Amrik Singh
Mr. Amrish Maggo
By
Gunish Singh ECE-1/0291322807
Arveen Kaur ECE-1/0261322807
Gurleen Dhillon ECE-1/001322807
Prabhjot kaur ECE-1/0171322807

Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology

G-8 Area, Rajouri Garden
New Delhi-110064

1
 CERTFICATE

This is to certify that Report entitled “FIRE DETECTOR AND EXTINSUISHER WITH
WIRELESS CAMERA” which is submitted by Dhurjuti Prashad Dhibar & Nagesh Sharma in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B.Tech. In Electronics &
Communication Engineering to NSIT, Dwarka, New Delhi is a record of the candidate own work
carried out by him under my/our supervision. The matter embodied in this report is original and
has not been submitted for the award of any other degree.

Date:

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project is a result of dedication and encouragement of many individuals .our sincere and
heartfelt appreciation goes to all of them. First I would like to thank director general
prof.P.S.Grover and director S.S.Batra for providing us with a platform to work on. I am
thankful to H.O.D ECE Vaneet sir for providing us with a much-needed training in electronics
which college didn’t have earlier.I would also like to express my sincere thanks to our mentors
vaneet sir, amreek sir and amrish sir without whom this project wouldn’t have been possible.

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ABSTRACT

The significance of fire detector cannot be missed when putting in a fire alarm system. There
are different types of fire detectors obtainable in the market. They are different in terms of what
they detect or how they detect. Fire detector works by sensing smoke or heat. We are using A
photoelectric fire detector consists of a lightweight emitting diode and a light delicate sensor in the
sensing chamber. The presence of suspended products of combustion in the chamber scatters the
sunshine beam. This scattered mild is detected and sets off the alarm. Photoelectric detectors can
work better in residing rooms, bedrooms and kitchens. Because these rooms include furnishings like
sofas, chairs, mattresses, counter tops, etc. which can burn slowly and create extra smoldering smoke
than flames. Along with fire detector fire extinguisher should be positioned in houses and workplace
buildings. Some occasion’s fire extinguisher seems not very helpful nevertheless its importance is far
higher. It seems very precious when fire breaks into a house or office and it saves hundreds or even
1000's of dollar. in our project we also use a wireless camera for the purpose of video monitoring the
susceptible areas which is mounted on top of the vehicle. the fire extinguisher includes submersible
pump which gushes out water on the attaining of signal on buzzer and the mobility of the vehicle is
controlled by DTMF.

4
 INDEX
PAGE
CERTIFICATE II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III
ABSTRACT IV

1. INTRODUCTION 8

1.1. Parts of system 9

1.2. Block diagram 10

2. SCHEMATIC AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 11

2.1. SMOKE DETECTOR 12

2.2. FLAME DETECTOR 13

2.3. SCHEMATIC 1 14

2.4. SCHEMATIC 2 15

3. THEORY

3.1. Power supply 17

3.2. Voltage regulator 18

3.3. Ir emitter and detector 19

3.4. Light dependent resistor 20

3.5. Transistors 21

3.6. Light emitting diode 23

3.7. Capacitors 25

3.8. Crystal oscillators 25

5
 3.9. Dc motors 26

3.10. Relay 27

3.11. Dtmf 28

3.12. At89c2051 29

3.13. L293d 33

3.14. Uln 2003 35

3.15. M8870 37

3.16. Lm 324 39

3.17. Keil micro vision 40

4. MODULES USED 46

5. FUTURE PROPOSALS 48

6. CONCLUSIONS 49

7. REFERENCES 51

8. APPENDIX 53

8.1. Appendix A 57

8.2. Appendix B 58

8.3. Appendix C : DATASHEETS 61

6
 LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND TABLES

1. BLOCK DIAGRAM 10

2. SMOKE DETECTOR CIRCUIT 12

3. FLAME DETECTOR CIRCUIT 13

4. SCHEMATIC 1 14

5. SCHEMATIC 2 15

6. ADAPTER 17

7. 7805 18

8. IR EMITTER AND DETECTOR 19

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 9. LDR 20

10. BC 558 21

11. LED 23

12. 150 Ma MOTOR 26

13. DTMF 28

14. AT89C2051 PIN DIAGRAM 30

15. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 2051 32

16. L293D 34

17. ULN 2003 36

18. M8870 38

19. WIRELESS CAMERA 46

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1. FIRE DETECTOR AND EXTINGUISHER WITH WIRELESS
CAMERA
• Every year 8000 fire fighters are injured fighting fires.
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• Every year 4500 people lose their lives in building fires because fire brigade failed to know
of their presence in the building.

Our project can easily handle all the problems stated above. It has submersible pump and water
tank for extinguishing fire. It uses AT89C2051 which is a 20 pin version of the 8051. It is a low-
voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable
and erasable read only memory. The smoke detector has a voltage output that reflects how much
light it detects. It uses l293d for driving the motors, ulna 2003 for driving the pump and mt8870
for decoding the dtmf tone. It uses lm324 for comparing purposes and 40106 as Schmidt trigger.

1.1PARTS OF SYSTEM
BASE 1:

1. 8870 MODULE

2. L293D MODULE

3. ULN 2003

a. RELAY

BASE 2

1. SMOKE DETECTOR

a. IR EMITTER

b. IR DETECTOR

c. LM324

d. 40106

2. FLAME DETECTOR

a. LDR

b. LM324

1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

9
FIG 1: block diagram of the project

10
 CHAPTER 2: SCHEMATICS AND
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
2.1SMOKE DETECTOR
The IR detector has a voltage output that reflects how much light it detects, around 2V with no
obstructions and closer to 0V as less and less light is detected. Using this, the idea is to compare
the voltage of the detector to a reference voltage that is calibrated such that if any of the light is
obstructed from the detector, the voltage will drop below the reference voltage and the signal
will go low.

Figure 2: smoke detector circuit

2.2FLAME DETECTOR
Flame detector consists of light dependent resistor . LDR’s resistance decreases when light
falls upon it . The voltage obtained from the LDR is sent to lm324 for comparison to
reference voltage , where upon it sends 5v when greater than reference voltage .It is then sent
to Schmidt trigger 40106.

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Figure 3 : flame detector circuit

12
2.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

Figure 4 : schematic for base circuit 1

13
Figure 5 : circuit for base circuit 2

14
 CHAPTER THREE: THEORY
3.1Power supply
Power is supplied to the modules with the help of a.c adapters.Basically we are using two
different adapters of different ranges for supplying power.

A.C ADAPTER

1FIGURE : 1 AMPERE 12 V ADAPTER

RANGE: 9-12 V

CURRENT RATING: 1 A, 2A

The AC adapter is a type of power supply - typically those that are embedded in an over-sized
AC plug. Other names include plug pack, plug-in adapter, adapter block, domestic mains
adapter, or power adapter. These are typically packaged with electrical devices that do not
contain their own power supply. By separating the power supply from the main body of the
electronic device, it can be made more compact and lighter. Any heat dissipated by the power
supply is outside the device, so it can run cooler.

Mode of operation

Originally AC adapters were linear power supplies, containing a transformer to convert the
mains electricity voltage to a lower voltage, a rectifier to convert it to pulsating DC, and a filter
to smooth the pulsating waveform to DC, with residual ripple variations small enough not to
affect the device being powered. Size and weight of the device was largely determined by the
transformer, determined by the power output and mains frequency. Ratings over a few watts

15
made the devices too large to be supported off a wall outlet. The output voltage of these adapters
varied with load; for equipment requiring a more stable voltage, linear voltage regulator circuitry
was added. Losses in the transformer and the linear regulator were significant; efficiency was
relatively low, and significant power dissipated as heat even when not driving a load.

B.VOLTAGE REGULATOR
RATING: LM7805 +5V Regulator

FIGURE 6 : 7805

Voltage Regulator (regulator), usually having three legs, converts varying input voltage and
produces a constant regulated output voltage. They are available in a variety of outputs.

The most common part numbers start with the numbers 78 or 79 and finish with two digits
indicating the output voltage. The number 78 represents positive voltage and 79 negative one.
The 78XX series of voltage regulators are designed for positive input. And the 79XX series is
designed for negative input.

3.2IR emitter and IR phototransistor

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An infrared emitter is an LED made from gallium arsenide, which emits near-infrared energy at
about 880nm. The infrared phototransistor acts as a transistor with the base voltage determined
by the amount of light hitting the transistor. Hence it acts as a variable current source. Greater
amount of IR light cause greater currents to flow through the collector-emitter leads. As shown
in the diagram below, the phototransistor is wired in a similar configuration to the voltage
divider.

The variable current traveling through the resistor causes a voltage drop in the pull-up resistor.
This voltage is measured as the output of the device.

FIGURE 7 : IR emitter and detector

3.3LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR(LDR)

LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits.
Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when
they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically. A photoresistor is made of a high
resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the device is of high enough frequency, photons
absorbed by the semiconductor give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction
band. The resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering
resistance.

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 figure 8:light dependent resistor

A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor has its own
charge carriers and is not an efficient semiconductor, e.g. silicon. In intrinsic devices the only
available electrons are in the valence band, and hence the photon must have enough energy to
excite the electron across the entire bandgap. Extrinsic devices have impurities, also called
dopants, added whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band; since the electrons
do not have as far to jump, lower energy photons (i.e., longer wavelengths and lower
frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. If a sample of silicon has some of its atoms
replaced by phosphorus atoms (impurities), there will be extra electrons available for conduction

3.4TRANSISTORS
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It is made
of a solid piece of semiconductor material, with at least three terminals for connection to an
external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the
current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be
much more than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal.

There are mainly two types of transistors:

(i) NPN

(ii) PNP

A. NPN TRANSISTORS:
When a positive voltage is applied to the base, the transistor begins to conduct by allowing
current to flow through the collector to emitter circuit.the relatively small current flowing
through the base circuit causes a much greater current to pass through the emitter/collector
circuit.The phenonmenon is called current gain and it is measure in beta

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B.PNP TRANSISTORS
It also does exactly same thing as above except that it has a negative voltage on its collector and
a positive voltage on its emitter. However, since the emitter, base, and collector in the PNP
transistor are made of materials that are different from those used in the NPN transistor, different
current carriers flow in the PNP unit. The majority current carriers in the PNP transistor are
holes. This is in contrast to the NPN transistor where the majority current carriers are electrons.
To support this different type of current (hole flow), the bias batteries are reversed for the PNP
transistor.

C.BC558

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 FIGURE 9 : BC 558

BC558 is a general purpose PNP transistor. It is used in switching and amplifier applications.
The DC current gain varies in range 110 to 800. It is also used as a complement for transistors
BC546 to BC550.

The transistor terminals require a fixed DC voltage to operate in the desired region of its
characteristic curves. This is known as the biasing. For amplification applications, the transistor
is biased such that it is partly on for all input conditions. The input signal at base is amplified and
taken at the emitter. BC558 is used in common emitter configuration for amplifiers. The voltage
divider is the commonly used biasing mode. For switching applications, transistor is biased so
that it remains fully on if there is a signal at its base. In the absence of base signal, it gets
completely off.

3.5 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps
in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic
component in 1962.early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available
across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine
with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is
called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon)
is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than
1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern.LEDs
present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption,

20
longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and
reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more
precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable
output.

FIGURE 10 : LED

When a light-emitting diode is forward

biased (switched on), electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within the
device, releasing energy in the form of
photons. This effect is called
electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is
determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than
1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs
present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption,
longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and
reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more
precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable
output.

Like a normal diode, the LED consists of a chip of semiconducting material doped with
impurities to create a p-n junction. As in other diodes, current flows easily from the p-side, or
anode, to the n-side, or cathode, but not in the reverse direction. Charge-carriers—electrons and
holes—flow into the junction from electrodes with different voltages. When an electron meets a
hole, it falls into a lower energy level, and releases energy in the form of a photon.

The wavelength of the light emitted, and thus its color, depends on the band gap energy of the
materials forming the p-n junction. In silicon or germanium diodes, the electrons and holes
recombine by a non-radiative transition which produces no optical emission, because these are
indirect band gap materials. The materials used for the LED have a direct band gap with energies
corresponding to near-infrared, visible or near-ultraviolet light.

LED development began with infrared and red devices made with gallium arsenide. Advances in
materials science have enabled making devices with ever-shorter wavelengths, emitting light in a
variety of colors.

21
LEDs are usually built on an n-type substrate, with an electrode attached to the p-type layer
deposited on its surface. P-type substrates, while less common, occur as well. Many commercial
LEDs, especially GaN/InGaN, also use sapphire substrate.

Most materials used for LED production have very high refractive indices. This means that much
light will be reflected back into the material at the material/air surface interface. Thus, light
extraction in LEDs is an important aspect of LED production, subject to much research and
development.

3.6 CAPACITORS
A capacitor is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a
dielectric (insulator). When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a static
electric field develops in the dielectric that stores energy and produces a mechanical force
between the conductors. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value,
capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the
potential difference between them.

Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing
alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in the
resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and for many other purposes

3.7 CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS

A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a
vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise
frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time (as in quartz wristwatches), to
provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio
transmitters and receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz
crystal, so oscillator circuits designed around them became known as "crystal oscillators”.

Crystal oscillator circuits are often designed around relatively few standard frequencies, such as
3.579545 MHz, 10 MHz, 14.318 MHz, 20 MHz, 33.33 MHz, and 40 MHz. The popularity of the
3.579545 MHz crystals is due to low cost since they are used for NTSC color television
receivers. Using frequency dividers, frequency multipliers and phase locked loop circuits, it is
practical to derive a wide range of frequencies from one reference frequency. 14.318 MHz is
used in computer video displays to generate a bitmapped video display for NTSC color monitors,
such as the CGA used with the original IBM PC.

3.8 DC MOTORS
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 Direct current (DC) motor is a fairly simple electric motor that uses electricity and a magnetic
field to produce torque, which turns the motor. At its most simple, a DC motor requires two
magnets of opposite polarity and an electric coil, which acts as an electromagnet. The repellent
and attractive electromagnetic forces of the magnets provide the torque that causes the DC motor
to turn,

FIGURE 11 : 150 MA MOTORE

We are using dc motors with ratings of 0.75 ampere current rating and 200 rpm.

3.9 RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a
switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used
where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation
between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming
in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone
exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. A type of relay that can handle the
high power required to directly drive an electric motor is called a contactor. Solid-state relays
control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a device to perform switching.
Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used
to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these
functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".

3.10 DTMF

The DTMF keypad is laid out in a 4×4 matrix, with each row representing a low frequency, and each column representing
frequency. Pressing a single key (such as ‘1’) will send a sinusoidal tone for each of the two frequencies (697 and 1209 hertz
The original keypads had levers inside, so each button activated two contacts. The multiple tones are the reason for call
system multifrequency. These tones are then decoded by the switching center to determine which key was pressed.

23
The tone frequencies, as defined by the Precise Tone Plan, are selected such that harmonics and
intermediation products will not cause an unreliable signal. No frequency is a multiple of another, the
difference between any two frequencies does not equal any of the frequencies, and the sum of any two
frequencies does not equal any of the frequencies. The frequencies were initially designed with a ratio of
21/19, which is slightly less than a whole tone. The frequencies may not vary more than ±1.8% from their
nominal frequency, or the switching center will ignore the signal. The high frequencies may be the same
volume as – or louder than – the low frequencies when sent across the line. The loudness difference
between the high and low frequencies can be as large as 3 decibels (dB) and is referred to as "twist." The
duration of the tone should be at least 70 ms, although in some countries and applications DTMF receivers
must be able to reliably detect DTMF tones as short as 45ms.

Figure 12 : dtmf table

24
3.11 AT89C2051
What is the 2051 microcontroller?
The 2051 is a 20 pin version of the 8051. It is a low-voltage, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcomputer with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory. Atmel
manufactures the chip using high-density nonvolatile memory technology. The 2051 and is
compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set. By combining a versatile 8-bit
CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel 2051 is a powerful microcontroller. It provides
a very flexible, cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

Operational features of the 2051

The 2051 features Compatibility with MCS-51 ™ Products, 2K Bytes of Reprogrammable

Flash Memory with 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles. The operating range of the 2051 is 2.7V to
6V. Among these features, the 2051 also contains the following features:

• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

• Two-level Program Memory Lock
• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
• 15 Programmable I/O Lines
• Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
• Six Interrupt Sources
• Programmable Serial UART Channel
• Direct LED Drive Outputs
• On-chip Analog Comparator
• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

2051 Pin-out and Description

25
Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port. Port pins P1.2 toP1.7 provide internal

Pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 require external pull-ups. P1.0 and P1.1 also serve as the

Positive input (AIN0) and the negative input (AIN1), respectively, of the on-chip

Precision analog comparator. The Port 1 output buffers can sink 20mA and can drive

LED displays directly. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they can be used as inputs.

When pins P1.2 to P1.7 are used inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source

Current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives code data during

Flash programming and verification. Port 3 Port 3 pins P3.0 to P3.5, P3.7

Are seven bidirectional I/O pins with internal pull-ups.P3.6is hard-wired as an input to

The output of the on-chip comparator and is not accessible as a general purpose I/O

Pin. The Port 3 output buffers can sink 20mA. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they

are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3

pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull

-ups.

Port 3 also serves the functions of various

Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming and verification.

RST Reset input. All I/O pins are reset to 1s as soon as RST goes high. Holding the

RST pin high for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device.
P1.0 and P1.1 should be set to “0” if no external pull-ups are used, or set to “1” if
external pull-ups are used.

The 2051 is a low voltage (2.7V - 6V), high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller
with 2 Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). This
device is compatible with the industry standard 8051 instruction set and pin-out. The
2051 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective
solution to many embedded control applications.
.

26
 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF 2051

Figure 14 : block digram of 2051

27
3.12 l293D
Introduction

The L293D is a quadruple half H-bridge bidirectional motor driver IC that can drive current of
up to 600mA with voltage range of 4.5 to 36 volts. It is suitable to drive small DC-Geared
motors, bipolar stepper motor etc.

Specifications

• Supply Voltage Range 4.5V to 36V

• 600-mA Output current capability per driver
• Separate Input-logic supply
• It can drive small DC-geared motors, bipolar stepper motor.
• Pulsed Current 1.2-A Per Driver
• Thermal Shutdown
• Internal ESD Protection
• High-Noise-Immunity Inputs

Applications

• DC and stepper motor drives

• Position and velocity servomechanisms

28
 Figure 15 : l293d pin connections

3.13 ULN2003

FEATURES
• 500-mA-Rated Collector Current (Single
Output)
• High-Voltage Outputs: 50 V
• Output Clamp Diodes
• Inputs Compatible With Various Types of
Logic
29
• Relay-Driver Applications

DESCRIPTION
The ULN2002A, ULN2003A, ULN2003AI, ULN2004A, ULQ2003A, and ULQ2004A are high-
voltage high-current
Darlington transistor arrays. Each consists of seven npn Darlington pairs that feature high-
voltage outputs with common-cathode clamp diodes for switching inductive loads. The collector-
current rating of a single Darlington pair is 500 mA. The Darlington pairs can be paralleled for
higher current capability. Applications include relay drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers,
display drivers (LED and gas discharge), line drivers, and logic buffers. For 100-V (otherwise
interchangeable) versions of the ULN2003A and ULN2004A.
The ULN2001A is a general-purpose array and can be used with TTL and CMOS technologies.
The ULN2002A is designed specifically for use with 14-V to 25-V PMOS devices. Each input of
this device has Zener diode and resistor in series to control the input current to a safe limit. The
ULN2003A and ULQ2003A have a 2.7-Kω series base resistor for each Darlington pair for
operation directly with TTL or 5-V CMOS devices.

The ULN2004A and ULQ2004A have a 10.5-kΩ series base resistor to allow operation directly
from CMOS devices that use supply voltages of 6 V to 15 V. The required input current of the
ULN/ULQ2004A is below that of the ULN/ULQ2003A, and the required voltage is less than that
required by the ULN2002A.

30
 1

Figure 16: uln 2003 pins

3.14M-8870
1. Low power consumption
2. Adjustable acquisition and release times
3. Central office quality and performance
4. Power-down and inhibit modes (-02 only)
5. Inexpensive 3.58 MHz time base
6. Single 5 volt power supply
7. Dial tone suppression
8. Applications include: telephone switch equipment, remote data entry, paging systems,
personal computers, credit card systems .

The M-8870 is a full DTMF Receiver that integrates both band split filter and decoder
functions into a single 18-pin DIP or SOIC package. Manufactured using CMOS process

31
technology, the M-8870 offers low power consumption (35 mW max) and precise data
handling. Its filter section uses switched capacitor technology for both the high and low
group filters and for dial tone rejection. Its decoder uses digital counting techniques to detect
and decode all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code. External component count is minimized
by provision of an on-chip differential input amplifier, clock generator, and latched tri-state
interface bus. Minimal external components required include a low-cost 3.579545 MHz color
burst crystal, a timing resistor, and a timing capacitor. The M-8870-02 provides a “power-
down” option which, when enabled, drops consumption to less than 0.5 mW.

32
Figure 17 : m 8870 connections

33
3.15 LM324

Features
1. Internally frequency compensated for unity gain
2. Large DC voltage gain 100 dB
3. Wide bandwidth (unity gain) 1 MHz (temperature compensated)
4. Wide power supply range: Single supply 3V to 32V or dual supplies ±1.5V to ±16V
5. Very low supply current drain (700 µA)-essentially independent of supply voltage
6. Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperature compensated)
7. Low input offset voltage 2 mV and offset current: 5 nA
8. Input common-mode voltage range includes ground
9. Differential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltage
10. Large output voltage swing 0V to V+ - 1.5V

Description

The LM124 series consists of four independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated
operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply
over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low
power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage.

Application areas include transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks and all the conventional op amp
circuits which now can be more easily implemented in single power supply systems. For
example, the LM124 series can be directly operated off of the standard +5V power supply
voltage which is used in digital systems and will easily provide the required interface electronics
without requiring the additional ±15V power supplies.

3.16 KEILµVISION 3
The µVision3 IDE is a Windows-based software development platform that combines a robust
editor, project manager, and make facility. µVision3 integrates all tools including the C
compiler, macro assembler, linker/locator, and HEX file generator. µVision3 helps expedite the
development process of your embedded applications by providing the following:

• Full-featured source code editor,

• Device database for configuring the development tool setting,
• Project manager for creating and maintaining your projects,
• Integrated make facility for assembling, compiling, and linking your embedded
applications,
• Dialogs for all development tool settings,

34
 • True integrated source-level Debugger with high-speed CPU and peripheral simulator,
• Advanced GDI interface for software debugging in the target hardware and for
connection to Keil ULINK,
• Flash programming utility for downloading the application program into Flash ROM,
• Links to development tools manuals, device datasheets & user’s guides.

The µVision3 IDE offers numerous features and advantages that help you quickly and
successfully develop embedded applications. They are easy to use and are guaranteed to help you
achieve your design goals.

µVISION3 UTILITIES
Integrated utilities

• Configuration Wizard: Enables menu driven configuration of startup and initialization

files.
• Find in Files: Performs a global text search in all specified files.
• Source Browser: Displays information about program symbols in your program.
• Flash Menu: Allows you to start Flash Programming Utilities.

External Tool Interfaces:

• Tools Menu: Allows you to run external programs within the µVision3 IDE.
• SVCS Menu: is a configurable SVCS interface that provides access to Software Version
Control Systems.
• Key Sequence for Tool Parameters: may be used to pass arguments from the µVision3
environment to external user programs.
• PC Lint: provides extensive syntax checking for C programs via Gimpel PC-Lint (add-
on product to µVision3).
• BKR Easy CODE: Is an add-on editor to view and develop source code in structured
flow charts.
• DTC Interface: Allows you to remote control the IDE and debugger

DEBUG FUNCTION

You may use Debug Functions to:

• Extend the capabilities of the µVision3 Debugger.

• Generate external interrupts,
• Log memory contents to a file,

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 • Update analog input values periodically,
• Input serial data to an on-chip serial port,
• And much more.

SIMULATOR

The µVision3 Debugger simulates up to 4GB (Giga Bytes) of memory from which areas can be
mapped for read, write, or code execution access. The µVision3 simulator traps and reports
illegal memory accesses.

In addition to memory mapping, the simulator also provides support for the integrated
peripherals of the various ARM based microcontroller devices. The on-chip peripherals of the
CPU you have selected are configured from the Device Database selection you have made when
you create your project target

Cx51 Compiler

The C programming language is a general-purpose programming language that provides code

efficiency, elements of structured programming, and a rich set of operators. C is not a big
language and is not designed for any one particular area of application. Its generality combined
with its absence of restrictions, makes C a convenient and effective programming solution for a
wide variety of software tasks. Many applications can be solved more easily and efficiently with
C than with other more specialized languages.

The Cx51 Optimizing C Compiler is a complete implementation of the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for the C language. The Cx51 Compiler is not a universal C
compiler adapted for the 8051 target. It is a ground-up implementation, dedicated to generating
extremely fast and compact code for the 8051 microprocessor. The Cx51 Compiler provides you
with the flexibility of programming in C and the code efficiency and speed of assembly
language.

The C language on its own is not capable of performing operations (such as input and output)
that would normally require intervention from the operating system. Instead, these capabilities
are provided as part of the standard library. Because these functions are separate from the
language itself, C is especially suited for producing code that is portable across a wide number of
platforms.

Since the Cx51 Compiler is a cross compiler, some aspects of the C programming language and
standard libraries are altered or enhanced to address the peculiarities of an embedded target
processor

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PREPROCESSOR

The preprocessor built into the Cx51 Compiler processes the source text of a source file before it
is actually compiled into machine language and object code. Preprocessing is the first thing the
compiler does. The purpose of the preprocessor is to replace or insert additional text into the
source file just prior to compilation.

Most of the obvious functions of the preprocessor require activation (by including preprocessor
directives) in your source code. However, there are several things the preprocessor always does:

• Each C comment is replaced by a single space.

• Line continuations (indicated by a backslash ('\') at the end of a line) are removed and the
lines they break apart are joined for compilation.
• Predefined macro names are replaced with their predefined text.

In addition to these operations, the preprocessor in the Cx51 Compiler supports the more obvious
preprocessor operations:

• Header Files,
• Macros,
• Conditional Compilation.

If you encounter preprocessor problems, you may direct the compiler to generate a Preprocessor
File that shows the exact output from the preprocessor.

Error messages

This section lists the fatal errors, errors, and warnings you may encounter when using the Cx51
C Compiler. Errors and warnings are listed in numerical order and are divided into several
sections:

Summary Briefly describes the error or warning.

Description Provides a detailed description of message and why it was generated.

Cause Describes the cause of the error.

Resolution Provides hints and suggestions for correcting the problem.

Example Provides an example, where possible, of the error condition.

See Also Provides useful references to additional material.

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Some errors include an exception that provides more information about the exact nature of the
error. These exceptions are generated by the operating system and indicate a failure at that level.

LANGUAGE EXTENSIONS

The Cx51 Compiler provides several extensions to ANSI Standard C to support the elements of
the 2051 architecture. These include extensions for:

• Memory Areas
• Memory Types
• Memory Models
• Data Types
• Bit Variables and Bit-Addressable Data
• Special Function Registers

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 CHAPTER 4 :
MODULES USED
SUBMERSIBLE PUMP: A submersible pump (or electric submersible
pump (ESP)) is a device which has a hermetically sealed motor close-
coupled to the pump body. The whole assembly is submerged in the
fluid to be pumped. The main advantage of this type of pump is that it
prevents pump cavitations, a problem associated with a high elevation
difference between pump and the fluid surface. Submersible pumps
push water to the surface as opposed to jet pumps having to pull
water. Submersibles are more efficient than jet pumps.

WIRELESS CAMERA AND TV: it is a 2 mega pixel camera and its

recording is seen on a small black and white tv.

Figure 18: wireless camera module

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 CHAPTER 6:
CONCLUSIONS
Smoke Detecting Circuit
The main module is divided into the catastrophe detecting circuit. the circuit contains IR
transmitter-receiver circuit consisting of photoelectric led emitter and detector which on sensing
the smoke in the vicinity send a signal to microcontroller through a Schmitt trigger on pin 17(P
1.5) and subsequently the microcontroller sends a signal out to pin on which buzzer is connected
which produces a beep sound indicating that smoke has been detected

Light detecting section

The ldr sensor on being illuminated with light above the reference threshold adjusted with the
help of 10k pot. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000
ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically. when it conducts it
will trigger an alarm through the microcontroller

FIRE EXTINGUISHING MODULE

Once detecting circuit has detected successfully the video image is being monitored then the principle
component DTMF comes into play. Using the mobile signals we move the robot to the destination nd
then extinguish the fire using a submersible pump

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 CHAPTER 5 :
FUTURE
PROPOSALES
There had been plenty of ideas at the beginning of the project but due to limitation of
money and time they could not be implemented and hence have become the future
proposals of this project.

1. TEMPRATURE SENSOR: this sensor measures the temperature using LM35 and can
be displayed on LCD or seven segments after passing through An ADC.

2. INFRARED FLAME DETECTOR: it contains photo transistor and a Darlington pair

which amplifies the signal from the phototransistor which forwards it to ADC.

3. AUTOMATIC EXTINGUISHER: this robot does not need a manual intervention it

automatically detects the fire and goes to the spot on its own and extinguishes it.

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 CHAPTER 7:
REFERENCES
1. www.ecelab.com

2. www.electropage.com

3. www.bestmicrocontrollerprojects.com

4. Datasheets of at89c2051, uln 2003, m8870, l293d,lm324,40106

5. www.8051projects.com

6.8051 microcontroller by Mazidi

8.c programming for embedded systems by Kirk zureal

9.http://www.embeddedcraft.org/8051andhyperterminal.html
10.http://www.8052.com/tuttimng.phtm

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CHAPTER 9:APPENDICES
CODE FOR BASE CIRCUIT 1:APPENDIX A
#include <REG2051.H>

sbit B1=P1^0;

sbit B2=P1^1;

sbit SD=P1^5;

sbit LD=P1^6;

void smoke()

{if (SD==1)

B1=0;

void light()

{if(LD==0)

B2=0;

void main()

{smoke(); light(); }

CODE FOR BASE CIRCUIT 2 :appendix 2

#include <REG2051.H>

sbit I1=P3^2;

sbit I2=P3^3;

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sbit I3=P3^4;

sbit I4=P3^5;

sbit D1=P1^0;

sbit D2=P1^1;

sbit D3=P1^2;

sbit D4=P1^3;

sbit relay1=P3^7;

void relay()

relay1=1;}

void dtmf()

if(D1==0&&D2==0&&D3==0&&D4==1)

{I1=1;

I2=0;

I3=1;

I4=0;

else if(D1==0&&D2==0&&D3==1&&D4==0)

{I1=0;

I2=1;

I3=0;

I4=1;

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}

else if(D1==0&&D2==0&&D3==1&&D4==1)

{I1=1;

I2=0;

I3=0;

I4=0;

else if(D1==0&&D2==1&&D3==0&&D4==0)

{I1=0;

I2=0;

I3=1;

I4=0;

else if(D1==0&&D2==1&&D3==0&&D4==1)

{relay1=1;

void main()

{I1=0;

I2=0;

I3=0;

I4=0;

relay1=0;

while(1)

{dtmf();

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relay();

} }

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