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Rabalho, Alessandra Aparecida.

Isolamento de linhagens microbianas termofílicas amilolíticas,
produção, caracterização e aplicação das amilases na hidrólise do
amido de mandioca / Alessandra Aparecida Rabalho. – São José
do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2002
183 f. : il. ; 30 cm.
Orientador: Eleni Gomes

Co-orientador: Célia Maria Landi Franco
Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista.
Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas
1. Enzimas. 2. Enzimas microbianas. 3. Amilases. 4.

Microrganismos termofílicos. 5. Bactérias. 6. Bactérias
termofílicas. 7. Fungos. 8. Fungos termofílicos. 9. Fermentação.
10. Xaropes. I. Gomes, Eleni. II. Franco, Célia Maria Landi. III.
Universidade Estadual Paulista. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e
Ciências Exatas. IV. Título.
CDU – 577.15

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Meu Senhor e meu Deus, eu Te louvo e agradeço, porque me
incluíste nos Teus planos; porque me destes um espírito livre e
repleto de sonhos, com esperança e força suficientes para
tentar concretizá-los. Por estar ao meu lado a cada dia, divido
Contigo a glória desta conquista.

Dedico este trabalho,
Aos meus pais, João e Odete,

às minhas irmãs Angela e Andréa,
e aos meus sobrinhos Vinícius, Júnior e Guilherme,
porque são o que há de mais maravilhoso em minha vida.
Ao meu grande amor Fabrício, meu referencial para

continuar vivendo intensamente.
$*5$'(&,0(1726

A minha gratidão a todos que me apoiaram e incentivaram e cuja
convivência foi de extrema importância para o meu crescimento pessoal e
profissional.
Agradeço especialmente à Profa. Dra. Eleni Gomes, pela confiança, pelo

constante apoio e por me proporcionar crescimento e amadurecimento
científico. Seu exemplo de amor e dedicação ao ensino e à pesquisa me incitou
a seguir seus passos.
À Profa. Dra. Célia Maria Landi Franco, pela co-orientação e pelas valiosas
dicas que permitiram o aperfeiçoamento deste estudo.
Aos Professores integrantes da banca examinadora, Prof. Dr. Gustavo O.

Bonilla Rodriguez e Prof. Dr. Claudio Cabello, pela acurada análise da pró-
forma, pelas críticas e sugestões que contribuíram para a melhoria deste
trabalho.
Aos Professores da Pós-Graduação pelos ensinamentos transmitidos no

decorrer do curso, em especial ao Prof. Dr. Crispin H. Garcia-Cruz, pelo
constante incentivo e aos Profs. Drs. Fernando Leite Hoffmann e Vanildo Del
Bianchi, pelas correções e sugestões realizadas no Exame Geral de
Qualificação.
Ao Prof. Dr. Roberto da Silva pela amizade e prestatividade com que me

auxiliou nos pequenos problemas e dúvidas do dia-a-dia.
Aos funcionários da Seção de Pós-Graduação, especialmente a Rosemar,

Nadia, Oscar, Rosana e Nancy, pela simpatia no atendimento e contribuição
para finalização deste trabalho.
Aos funcionários da biblioteca, especialmente a Elza Satto, pela presteza no

serviço de comutação bibliográfica.
Aos funcionários e técnicos dos Departamentos de Química e Biologia,

especialmente ao Claudinei Nobile e Paulo Maziero, pela convivência
agradável e pela dedicação com que desempenharam suas funções,
contribuindo para o bom andamento da rotina do laboratório.
Ao Banco do Brasil, em nome do Sr. Hélio Schultz, pela pesquisa e

disponibilização dos dados de comércio de enzimas no Brasil.
À FAPESP, processo 99/12840-4, pelo auxílio financeiro.
A todos os colegas do curso de Pós-Graduação pelo incentivo constante e

amizade, especialmente à Erika, Riana, João Cláudio, Marô, Graziela, Ana
Lúcia, Giane, Luísa, Juan, Sílvia e Silvia (Mulher).
Aos estagiários e pós-graduandos do Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas,
especialmente ao Hamilton Cabral pela prontidão com que sempre esclareceu
pequenas dúvidas que surgiram ao longo deste estudo.
Aos queridos amigos do Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada:

Caio, Carla, Daniela, Dênis, Eduardo, Fabiana, Gisele, Heloiza, Márcia Maria,
Márcia Rizzatto, Maricy, Mirlene, Natalia, Simone, Tatiana, Tony, Kivia e Ana
Paula pela convivência agradável, pelos constantes ensinamentos e auxílio na
resolução dos problemas diários. Vocês foram a família que me acompanhou
de perto.
À Valquíria Barco Damiano, pela serenidade com que instruiu e acompanhou

meus primeiros passos na Microbiologia e, principalmente, pelo exemplo de
profissionalismo e conduta.
À Solange Xavier dos Santos e Denise Prado do Amaral Voltarelli, pela

amizade sincera, pelo apoio nos momentos difíceis e pelas discussões sobre
trabalho, profissão e vida, que tanto contribuíram para meu crescimento
pessoal e profissional.
Às amigas Elaine Priscilla e Luísa Jorge porque, apesar da distância, nunca

estiveram ausentes nos momentos em que mais precisei.
À Silvia R. Viodres, pelo ternura com que me ajudou a compreender e superar

os momentos de aflição.
Aos amigos Morgana e Airton Rocca, que acreditaram, apoiaram e deram força
para a concretização desta conquista.
Aos queridos Sr. Loreto Tomasetto e Sra. Aparecida Tomasetto, por terem me
acolhido como filha em suas vidas.
Aos meus pais, João e Odete, às minhas irmãs, Andréa e Angela e aos meus
sobrinhos, Vinícius, Júnior e Guilherme pelo amor imensurável, pelo constante
estímulo e pela alegria que proporcionam à minha vida. Tenho a grata
felicidade de fazer parte desta maravilhosa família, vocês foram a chave para
a realização deste sonho.
Ao meu querido Fabrício, por todo amor, carinho e dedicação. Sem sua
presença e apoio constantes tudo teria sido mais difícil.
À Deus que, na sua infinita misericórdia, me ofereceu juntamente com as

dificuldades a força para superá-las.

“Vida devotada a atividade criadora em ciência é vida

feliz. Nenhum outro modo de vida é igual ou superior em
felicidade. ... Eu creio que o trabalho científico, juntamente
com outras formas de trabalho criador, é o principal
propulsor da evolução do espírito humano. A evolução do
espírito humano dá significado à evolução humana e à
evolução universal.”
Theodosius Dobzhansky, 1970

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Introdução
2V SURFHVVRV PHWDEyOLFRV H D IXQomR ELROyJLFD HVSHFtILFD GHVWHV

PLFURUJDQLVPRV VmR PHGLDGDV SRU HQ]LPDV H SURWHtQDV TXH DWXDP VRE
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GRVHXFDULRWRVVmRPHVyILORVPDVSRXFRVGHVWHVUHVWULWRVDHVFDVVRVIXQJRV
H DOJDV SRGHULDP VHU LQFOXtGRV GHQWUH RV PRGHUDGDPHQWH WHUPRItOLFRV 2
PHVPRDFRQWHFHFRPSURFDULRWRVHPERUDHQWUHHVWHVKDMDPDLVJUXSRVFRP
HVSpFLHV FDSD]HV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR HP WHPSHUDWXUDV VXSHULRUHV D &
6HJXLQGRHVWDUHGXomRQDGLYHUVLGDGHDSHQDVSRXFRVJUXSRVGHSURFDULRWRV
SRGHULDP VHU FODVVLILFDGRV FRP H[WUHPDPHQWH WHUPRItOLFRV RX
KLSHUWHUPRItOLFRVVHQGRGHVFULWRVHVVHQFLDOPHQWHUHSUHVHQWDQWHVGR'RPtQLR
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WRUQR GH & H WHPSHUDWXUD Pi[LPD HP WRUQR GH & VHQGR TXH IRUPDV
WHUPRWROHUDQWHV DSUHVHQWDP IDL[D GH FUHVFLPHQWR HQWUH H &
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HVSHUPLQD HVSHUPLGLQD WHUPLQD SHUPDQHFH D UHJUD HVVHQFLDO TXH D
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Introdução
HVWD SURSULHGDGH SRU H[HPSOR Streptomyces VSS H D UHFHQWH GHVFULomR GH

KLSHUWHUPRItOLFRV FRP EDL[R FRQWH~GR GH *& +8%(5 HW DO GHL[D
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PHVPD LPSRVVLELOLWDQGR D OLQKDJHP PXWDGD GH FUHVFHU QD PHVPD
WHPSHUDWXUD GD OLQKDJHP VHOYDJHP )217$1$ $VVLP WRGDV DV
HYLGrQFLDV DWXDLV LQGLFDP TXH R DXPHQWR GD HVWDELOLGDGH GH HQ]LPDV
WHUPyILODV QmR SRGH VHU DWULEXtGR D GHWHUPLQDQWHV ~QLFRV PDV p UHVXOWDGR
GH YiULDV PXGDQoDV QRV DPLQRiFLGRV FRP HIHLWRV FXPXODWLYRV QD
HVWDELOLGDGH HP UHODomR j HVWUXWXUD GH SURWHtQDV KRPyORJDV GH PHVyILORV
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PHVRItOLFRV
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HQ]LPDV WHUPRItOLFDV LPSOLFD HP PXLWDV YDQWDJHQV SDUD VXD DSOLFDomR HP
UHDWRUHV RX IHUPHQWDGRUHV LQGXVWULDLV WDLV FRPR D GLPLQXLomR GR ULVFR GH
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SRSXODomR j WHPSHUDWXUD DPELHQWH DXPHQWR GD WD[D GH GLIXVmR H
VROXELOLGDGH UHGXomR GD YLVFRVLGDGH H GD WHQVmR VXSHUILFLDO GRV
FRPSRQHQWHVHQYROYLGRVHPXPGHWHUPLQDGRSURFHVVR+28*+H'$1621

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Introdução
3URGXomRHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGDVDPLODVHVPLFURELDQDV

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HXFDULRWRV H SRU PXLWRV SURFDULRWRV (P DPERV RV JUXSRV HVWDV HQ]LPDV
VXUJHP FRPR XPD GDV SULQFLSDLV UHVSRQViYHLV SHOD REWHQomR GH HQHUJLD
SDUD DV IXQo}HV PHWDEyOLFDV D SDUWLU GR DPLGR FRPR IRQWH GH FDUERQR
3RUpP QD PDLRULD GRV HXFDULRWRV HVWDV HQ]LPDV DWXDP HP WHFLGRV RX
yUJmRV HVSHFtILFRV UHODFLRQDGRV j QXWULomR GR RUJDQLVPR R TXH LQYLDELOL]D
QDPDLRULDGRVFDVRVDVXDH[WUDomRHSXULILFDomRSDUDXVRFRPHUFLDO1HVWH
FRQWH[WRRVPLFURUJDQLVPRVVXUJHPFRPRXPDDOWHUQDWLYDVLPSOHVHEDUDWD
SDUDDSURGXomRGHHQ]LPDVXPDYH]TXHUHTXHUHPFRQGLo}HVPXLWDVYH]HV
PtQLPDVGHQXWULomRHPDQXWHQomRDSUHVHQWDPDOWDHILFLrQFLDQDSURGXomR
DOpPGHVHFUHWDUHPDVHQ]LPDVSDUDRPHLRH[WUDFHOXODU
1DSURGXomRGHDPLODVHVSRUIXQJRVHEDFWpULDVRHIHLWRGDIRQWHGH
FDUERQRQDLQGXomRHUHSUHVVmRpPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHFRPRIRQWHGHUHJXODomR
GD ELRVVtQWHVH $PLGR H DPLOiFHRV WrP VLGR GHVFULWRV FRPR RV VXEVWUDWRV
PDLVDGHTXDGRVSDUDDDOWDSURGXWLYLGDGHGHDPLODVHV*+26+HWDO
$/, H +266$,1 .,/,.,$1 SRGHQGR VHU DSURYHLWDGRV UHVtGXRV
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UHVLGXDLVGHDPLGRVXILFLHQWHVSDUDHVVHILP
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PLFURUJDQLVPRV WHUPRItOLFRV (VWHV GDGRV LQGLFDP TXH IXQJRV H EDFWpULDV
VmR FDSD]HV GH SURGX]LU GLIHUHQWHV WLSRV GH DPLODVHV WHUPRHVWiYHLV H
WHUPRItOLFDV DV TXDLV DSUHVHQWDP FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV ItVLFRTXtPLFDV YDULDGDV
1D 7DEHOD VmR GDGRV H[HPSORV GRV WLSRV GH DPLODVHV PLFURELDQDV H GH
VXDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV

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$UFKDHD 6&+80$11HWDO
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FervidobactiriumVS 1' 1'
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Introdução

8VR GH VXESURGXWRV H UHVtGXRV DJURLQGXVWULDLV HP SURFHVVRV
ELRWHFQROyJLFRV

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HILFLHQWH GRV UHVtGXRV DJURLQGXVWULDLV YHP DXPHQWDQGR D FDGD DQR
5HVtGXRV FRPR R EDJDoR GH FDQDGHDo~FDU FDVFD/SROSD GH FDIp H PDom
SROSDGHEHWHUUDEDHUHVtGXRVGRSURFHVVDPHQWRGHPDQGLRFDHQWUHRXWURV
VmR JHUDGRV HP JUDQGHV TXDQWLGDGHV 3$1'(< HW DO (QWUHWDQWR
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VXEVWUDWRSDUDSURGXomRGHVXEVWkQFLDVTXtPLFDVHSURGXWRVGHPDLRUYDORU
FRPHUFLDO FRPR HWDQRO SURWHtQD GH ELRPDVVD PLFURELDQD FRJXPHORV
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ELRORJLFDPHQWH DWLYRV HWF 3$1'(< 3$1'(< HW DO

$ DSOLFDomR GH UHVtGXRV DJURLQGXVWULDLV HP ELRSURFHVVRV SRU XP
ODGR IRUQHFH VXEVWUDWRV DOWHUQDWLYRV H SRU RXWUR DMXGD D VROXFLRQDU RV
SUREOHPDVGHSROXLomRTXHVXDGLVSRVLomRQRDPELHQWHSRGHULDFDXVDU&RP
RDGYHQWRGHLQRYDo}HVELRWHFQROyJLFDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHQDiUHDGHWHFQRORJLD
GH HQ]LPDV H IHUPHQWDomR PXLWRV FDPLQKRV QRYRV WrP VLGR DEHUWRV SDUD
VXDXWLOL]DomR3$1'(<HWDO
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VHJXQGR HP SURFHVVDPHQWR ORJR DSyV D 7DLOkQGLD $V SULQFLSDLV
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VLJQLILFDWLYD LPSRUWkQFLD WDQWR QR VHWRU DJURLQGXVWULDO FRPR QR DVSHFWR
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SULQFLSDO DOLPHQWR HQHUJpWLFR SDUD PLOK}HV GH SHVVRDV QR SDtV (VVD
DWLYLGDGHSURGX]WDPEpPGXUDQWHDVGLYHUVDVIDVHVGRSURFHVVDPHQWRXPD
TXDQWLGDGHFRQVLGHUiYHOGHPDWHULDLVTXHVmRDWXDOPHQWHGHVFDUWDGRVFRPR
UHVtGXRVRXVXEXWLOL]DGRV
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HVVHV PDWHULDLV JHUDP HOHYDGDV FDUJDV SROXLGRUDV TXH FDXVDP LPSDFWRV

Introdução

QHJDWLYRV DR PHLR DPELHQWH &RQVLGHUDQGR DSHQDV D SDUWH VyOLGD p
LQDFHLWiYHOTXHXPPDWHULDOFRPFHUFDGHGHDPLGRGHILEUDVHXP
SRGHU FDORUtIHUR HP WRUQR GH NFDO/NJ HP EDVH VHFD VHMD VXEXWLOL]DGR
RXVLPSOHVPHQWHGLVSRVWRQRDPELHQWHVHPQHQKXPDXWLOLGDGH&RPHVVDV
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VH HVVHV H[FHGHQWHV IRVVHP PDQHMDGRV FRP WHFQRORJLDV
DSURSULDGDV SRGHULDP UHVXOWDU HP XP UHDSURYHLWDPHQWR GH SUDWLFDPHQWH
WRGR R PDWHULDO GHVFDUWDGR FRPR PDWpULDSULPD GH RXWURV SURFHVVRV R TXH
QmR YHP RFRUUHQGR DWXDOPHQWH HP JUDQGH SDUWH GDV IiEULFDV GHVVH VHWRU
'(/%,$1&+,
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UHVtGXRVGHFHUFDGHPLOKmRGHWRQHODGDVGHPDWHULDLVH[WUDtGRVGXUDQWH
D ODYDJHP GDV UDt]HV D PLO WRQHODGDV GH RXWURV PDWHULDLV
H[FHGHQWHV JHUDGRV GXUDQWH R SURFHVVR DOpP GH D PLO WRQHODGDV GH
IpFXODGHPDQGLRFDGHVFDUWDGDVMXQWRFRPDiJXDGDSUHQVDJHPGDVUDt]HV
HPUHODomRDRVUHVtGXRVVyOLGRVeDLQGDUHODWDGRRXVRHVWLPDGRGHFHUFDGH
DPLOK}HVGHPHWURVF~ELFRVGHiJXDSDUDDODYDJHPGDVUDt]HVTXH
DSyV R SURFHVVR FRUUHVSRQGHP D DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH PLO WRQHODGDV GH
'HPDQGD%LRTXtPLFDGH2[LJrQLR'%2RXRHTXLYDOHQWHjFDUJDSROXLGRUD
GLiULDGHXPDFLGDGHGHGRLVPLOK}HVGHKDELWDQWHVHDH[WUDomRGHDWpVHLV
PLOK}HV GH PHWURV F~ELFRV GH XP OtTXLGR REWLGR DWUDYpV GD SUHQVDJHP GD
PDVVD UDODGD GH PDQGLRFD FRP DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH PLO WRQHODGDV GH
'%2RXRHTXLYDOHQWHjFDUJDSROXLGRUDGLiULDGHXPDFLGDGHGHPLOK}HV
GHKDELWDQWHV
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SDUD R DSURYHLWDPHQWR GHVVHV UHVtGXRV GH PRGR D SURSRUFLRQDU PDLRUHV
UHQWDELOLGDGHVILQDQFHLUDVSDUDDVSUySULDVHPSUHVDVRXSDUDVXDVSRVVtYHLV
IXWXUDV VXEVLGLiULDV FRPR DV SURGXo}HV GH FRPSRVWRV GH DURPD iFLGRV
RUJkQLFRV FRJXPHORV H KLGUROLVDGRV SDUD DSOLFDomR HP ELRSURFHVVRV
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Introdução

D &HUFD GH GR WRWDO SURGX]LGR LQWHUQDPHQWH p FRQVXPLGR VRE D
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FRQVXPR GR JUmR DSyV D DOLPHQWDomR DQLPDO XWLOL]DQGR GR WRWDO
SURGX]LGR $%,0,/+2 E (VWH HQYROYH WUDQVIRUPDo}HV TXtPLFDV
ELRTXtPLFDV H RSHUDo}HV PHFkQLFDV FRP R REMHWLYR GH VHSDUDU R JUmR GR
PLOKR HP VXDV IUDo}HV UHODWLYDPHQWH SXUDV JHUPH ILEUD DPLGR H JO~WHQ
6,1*+HWDO
2V SURGXWRV SULPiULRV GH PRDJHP ~PLGD VmR DPLGRV DOLPHQWtFLRV H
LQGXVWULDLV RV TXDLV SRGHP VHU FRQYHUWLGRV HP [DURSHV H HWDQRO 2V FR
SURGXWRV LQFOXHP R yOHR GH PLOKR H RV SURGXWRV GHVWLQDGRV j SURGXomR GH
UDo}HV DQLPDLV WDLV FRPR R JO~WHQ GH PLOKR IDUHOR GR JO~WHQ GH PLOKR
IDUHOR GR JHUPH GH PLOKR ILEUDV H OLFRU GH PDFHUDomR VHQGR RV ~OWLPRV
VyOLGRV VRO~YHLV UHPRYLGRV GXUDQWH D PDFHUDomR H FRQFHQWUDGRV SRU
HYDSRUDomR 2 OLFRU UHVXOWDQWH GD PDFHUDomR XVXDOPHQWH YHQGLGRVQDEDVH
GHGHVyOLGRVpULFRHPYLWDPLQDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHGRFRPSOH[R%$OpP
GH VHU XVDGR HP UDo}HV R OLFRU WDPEpP p DSOLFDGR QD SURGXomR GH
DQWLELyWLFRV H SURGXWRV IDUPDFrXWLFRV H IHUPHQWRV &RPELQDGRV FRP RXWURV
LQJUHGLHQWHVHVVHVLWHQVQDIRUPXODomRGHUDo}HVHVSHFtILFDVGHDFRUGRFRPD
GHVWLQDomRGRVDQLPDLV$%,0,/+2FG
2 WULJR QmR VH GHVWDFD QD DJURSHFXiULD EUDVLOHLUD 8PD YH] TXH D
SODQWDpRULJLQiULDGHFOLPDVWHPSHUDGRVpFXOWLYDGDPDLVLQWHQVDPHQWHQD
UHJLmRVXOHUDUDPHQWHQDUHJLmRVXGHVWHGRSDtV*UDQGHSDUWHGDSURGXomR
p GHVWLQDGD DR SURFHVVDPHQWR SDUD REWHQomR GD IDULQKD HQWUH RXWURV
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Material e Métodos

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EDFWHULDQDVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH

Material e Métodos

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FROHWDV UHDOL]DGRV HP FDGD ORFDO R WLSR GH PDWHULDO FROHWDGR H R Q~PHUR GH
LGHQWLILFDomRGDVDPRVWUDV

Material e Métodos

7DEHOD − /RFDLV GH FROHWD H WLSR GH DPRVWUD FROHWDGD SDUD LVRODPHQWR GDV OLQKDJHQV
PLFURELDQDVWHUPRItOLFDV

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$ )D]&DSRUXVVR −VRORGDVKRUWDVFRPHVWHUFRDQLPDO
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$ &KiFDUD6mR-RDTXLP −HVWHUFRERYLQRHPFRPSRVWDJHP
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$ &KiFDUD'HOOD&RUWH −EDJDoRGHFDQD
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FHYDGD

Material e Métodos

,VRODPHQWRGDVFXOWXUDV

)RLVHJXLGRRSURFHGLPHQWRGH'D6LOYDHVTXHPDWL]DGRQD
)LJXUD$SUR[LPDGDPHQWHJGHDPRVWUDVGHVRORVVRPEUHDGRVH
DJUtFRODVGHPDWpULDRUJkQLFDHPGHFRPSRVLomRUHVtGXRVDPLOiFHRVH
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FROHWD VHQGR HVWRFDGD HP FkPDUD IULD HP WXERV FRQWHQGR PHLR LQFOLQDGR
FREHUWRVFRPyOHRPLQHUDOHVWpULOHYHGDGRVFRPSDUDILOPH

Material e Métodos
55ºC/24h
1 g/2 mL
Amostra 0,1 mL
55ºC/24h
MEIO LÍQUIDO
MEIO SELETIVO
(amido 1% + sais)
CULTURA ISOLADA ISOLAMENTO

(Estrias de Esgotamento)
)LJXUD²5HSUHVHQWDomRHVTXHPiWLFDGRSURFHGLPHQWRUHDOL]DGRSDUDDFROHWDHLVRODPHQWR
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KRUDV GH LQFXEDomR R GLkPHWUR GH FDGD FRO{QLD IRL PHGLGR H D SODFD IRL
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IRLPHGLGRHXWLOL]DGRFRPRUHIHUrQFLDGDLQWHQVLGDGHGHKLGUyOLVHGRDPLGRH
GDTXDQWLGDGHGHHQ]LPDOLEHUDGDDRPHLR


$V DPRVWUDV IRUDP LVRODGDV HP PHLR VyOLGR D & XPD YH] TXH
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XWLOL]DGR3DUDDYDOLDomRGDFDSDFLGDGHGHFUHVFLPHQWRD&DVOLQKDJHQV

Material e Métodos

IRUDP LQRFXODGDV HP P/ GH PHLR OtTXLGR LWHP H LQFXEDGDV DWp
FUHVFLPHQWRYLVtYHORXQRPi[LPRSRUKRUDV

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3UpLQyFXOR

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HQ]LPiWLFDEUXWD

Material e Métodos
2 mL
55ºC/24h
200 rpm
125 mL
50 mL
CULTURA PRÉ-INÓCULO INÓCULO

(24-48h) M.Líquido (10 mL) M. Líquido (25 mL)
55ºC/48h
200 rpm
REAÇÃO
ENZIMÁTICA
10.000 rpm/20 min

CENTRIFUGAÇÃO
Sobrenadante
“SOLUÇÃO ENZIMÁTICA BRUTA” Células: descarte

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QHFHVViULRSDUDPDQWHUDXPLGDGHGRPHVPR
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Material e Métodos

$SyVPLQXWRVVREDJLWDomRPRGHUDGDDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHUSP RPHLR
IRL ILOWUDGR HP JD]H KLGUyILOD 2 ILOWUDGR IRL FHQWULIXJDGR D ×J SRU
PLQXWRV D & 2 VREUHQDGDQWH IRL XWLOL]DGR FRPR VROXomR HQ]LPiWLFD
EUXWD

55ºC/72-96h
30 mL
250 mL
H2 O
250 mL
CULTURA SUSPENSÃO CÉLULAS RESÍDUO SÓLIDO

(24-48h) (Sol. Sais - 10 mL) (5g) Agitação/
15 min.
FILTRAÇÃO
A VÁCUO
REAÇÃO
ENZIMÁTICA
Filtrado
10.000 rpm/20 min.
CENTRIFUGAÇÃO
Sobrenadante
“SOL. ENZIMÁTICA BRUTA”
Células.: Descarte

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VHOHFLRQDGDV

3UpLQyFXOR

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HQULTXHFLGRSURFHGHQGRVHFRPRGHVFULWRQRLWHP
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R PHVPR SUpLQyFXOR GH XPD GHWHUPLQDGD OLQKDJHP IRL XWLOL]DGR QRV
GLIHUHQWHVPHLRVGHFXOWLYR

Material e Métodos

)HUPHQWDomRVXEPHUVD

3DUD HVWXGR GR HIHLWR GR WHPSR GH FXOWLYR QD SURGXomR GH DPLODVHV
IRUDP XWLOL]DGRV RV PHLRV QXWULHQWH HQULTXHFLGR LWHP QXWULHQWH
PDQGLRFD H QXWULHQWHPLOKR LWHP UHVtGXR OtTXLGR GH PDQGLRFD
LWHPHUHVtGXROtTXLGRGHPLOKRLWHP3DUDFDGDPHLRIRUDP
SUHSDUDGDVVpULHVGHFLQFRIUDVFRVFRQWHQGRP/GHPHLRSDUDFXOWLYRGH
D KRUDV &DGD IUDVFR IRL LQRFXODGR FRP P/ GH SUpLQyFXOR LWHP
VHQGR R FXOWLYR UHDOL]DGR VRE DJLWDomR GH USP D & SDUD
EDFWpULDV H USP D & SDUD D OLQKDJHP I~QJLFD $ FDGD KRUDV IRL
UHWLUDGRXPIUDVFRGHFDGDPHLRSDUDGHWHUPLQDomRGDDWLYLGDGHHQ]LPiWLFD
3DUD HVWLPDWLYD GH FUHVFLPHQWR GR LQyFXOR HP PHLR QXWULHQWH
HQULTXHFLGR DSyV D LQFXEDomR QRV GLIHUHQWHV WHPSRV SURFHGHXVH FRPR
GHVFULWR QR LWHP 3DUD RV GHPDLV PHLRV QmR IRL UHDOL]DGR HVVH FRQWUROH
SRU HVWHV DSUHVHQWDUHP SDUWtFXODV VyOLGDV PHLRV QXWULHQWHV PLOKR H
PDQGLRFD RX SRU QmR VHUHP WUDQVO~FLGRV UHVtGXRV OtTXLGRV GH PLOKR H
PDQGLRFD
$ VROXomR HQ]LPiWLFD EUXWDGDVOLQKDJHQVEDFWHULDQDVIRUDPREWLGDV
FRPR GHVFULWR QR LWHP H GD OLQKDJHP I~QJLFD IRL REWLGR D SDUWLU GH
ILOWUDomRDYiFXRGRPHLRGHFXOWXUDIHUPHQWDGR


3DUDIHUPHQWDomRVHPLVyOLGDXWLOL]RXVHVpULHVGHFLQFRIUDVFRVSDUD
FDGD PHLR IDUHORV GH PDQGLRFD PLOKR H WULJR SDUD FXOWLYR GH D
KRUDV
8PD YH] TXH FDGD IUDVFR GH PHLR GHYH VHU LQRFXODGR FRP WRGR
FUHVFLPHQWRPLFURELDQRGHXPWXERGHHQVDLRGLIHUHQoDVGHFUHVFLPHQWRHP
FDGD WXER GH FXOWXUD SRGHULDP FDXVDU GLIHUHQoDVQDTXDQWLGDGHGHLQyFXOR
HFRQVHTXHQWHPHQWHGLIHUHQoDVQDSURGXomRHPFDGDFXOWLYR
3DUD PLQLPL]DU WDO LQWHUIHUrQFLD D VXVSHQVmR GH FpOXODV RX HVSRURV
IRL SUHSDUDGD FRP R FUHVFLPHQWR GH YiULRV WXERV GH FXOWLYR 3DUD FDGD
OLQKDJHP RV GLIHUHQWHV VXEVWUDWRV UHFHEHUDP P/ GR PHVPR LQyFXOR

Material e Métodos

'HSRLV GH KRPRJHQHL]DGRV RV FXOWLYRV IRUDP PDQWLGRV HP HVWXID %2' D
&OLQKDJHQVEDFWHULDQDVRX&OLQKDJHPI~QJLFDVHQGRUHWLUDGRXP
IUDVFRGHFDGDPHLRDFDGDKRUDV
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SURFHGHXVH FRPR GHVFULWR QR LWHP $ OLQKDJHP I~QJLFD QmR IRL
VXEPHWLGD D FHQWULIXJDomR VHQGR D VROXomR HQ]LPiWLFD EUXWD REWLGD SRU
ILOWUDomRDYiFXR

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αDPLODVHUHDomRGH[WULQL]DQWH
0HGLGDGDDWLYLGDGHGHα

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WUDWDGD FRP XPD VROXomR HQ]LPiWLFD EUXWD VHJXLQGR R PpWRGR GHVFULWR SRU
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SDUWLU GD IHUPHQWDomR VXEPHUVD D PLVWXUD SDUD UHDomR IRL FRQVWLWXtGD GH
P/GHVROXomRGHDPLGRVRO~YHODS/YHPWDPSmRDFHWDWR0
S+ H P/ GH VROXomR HQ]LPiWLFD EUXWD FRQYHQLHQWHPHQWH GLOXtGD
3DUD DV VROXo}HV HQ]LPiWLFDV REWLGDV D SDUWLU GD IHUPHQWDomR VHPLVyOLGD
XWLOL]RXVH P/ GH VROXomR GH DPLGR VRO~YHO D S/Y HP WDPSmR
DFHWDWR 0 S+ H P/ GD VROXomR HQ]LPiWLFD EUXWD
FRQYHQLHQWHPHQWHGLOXtGD$SyVLQFXEDomRD&SRUPLQXWRVDUHDomR
IRL SDUDOLVDGD SHOD DGLomR GH P/ GH VROXomR GH +&O 0 VHQGR HP
VHJXLGD IRL DGLFLRQDGRV P/ GH UHDWLYR GH ,RGR ., ,
$SyV KRPRJHQHL]DomR D PLVWXUD GH UHDomR IRL GLOXtGD FRP P/ GH iJXD
GHVWLODGD
2 FRQWUROH IRL SUHSDUDGR FRQIRUPH R SURFHVVR GHVFULWR SRUpP HP
GXDVHWDSDVRFRQWUROHGRVXEVWUDWRDPLGRIRLSUHSDUDGRVXEVWLWXLQGRVHD
HQ]LPD SHOR YROXPH HTXLYDOHQWH HP iJXD GHVWLODGD H R FRQWUROH GD HQ]LPD
VXEVWLWXLQGRVH D VROXomR GH DPLGR SHOR YROXPH HTXLYDOHQWH GH WDPSmR

Material e Métodos

DFHWDWR (P HVSHFWURIRW{PHWUR D DEVRUEkQFLD IRL GHWHUPLQDGD D QP
FRQWUDXPEUDQFRFRQVWLWXtGRGHiJXDGHVWLODGD
8PDXQLGDGHGHHQ]LPD8IRLGHILQLGDFRPRDTXDQWLGDGHGHHQ]LPD
UHTXHULGDSDUDKLGUROLVDUPJGHDPLGRHPPLQXWRVQDVFRQGLo}HVGH
HQVDLRFDOFXODGDVHJXQGRDHTXDomR

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LQFXEDomRD&RDo~FDUUHGXWRUOLEHUDGRSHODDomRHQ]LPiWLFDIRLGRVDGR
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Material e Métodos

2 FRQWUROH IRL SUHSDUDGR FRQIRUPH R SURFHVVR GHVFULWR HP GXDV
HWDSDV R FRQWUROH GR VXEVWUDWR DPLGR IRL SUHSDUDGR VXEVWLWXLQGRVH D
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HQVDLR

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S/Y HP WDPSmR DFHWDWR 0 S+ H RX P/ GH VROXomR
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%(5*0(<(5 H %(517 XWLOL]DQGR R NLW FRPHUFLDO Glicose Enz-
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HWDSDV R FRQWUROH GR DPLGR IRL SUHSDUDGR VXEVWLWXLQGRVH D HQ]LPD SHOR
YROXPHHTXLYDOHQWHHPiJXDGHVWLODGDHRFRQWUROHGDHQ]LPDVXEVWLWXLQGR
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GD DEVRUEkQFLD IRL UHDOL]DGD D QP FRQWUD XP EUDQFR SUHSDUDGR FRPR
GHVFULWRVXEVWLWXLQGRVHRYROXPHGHDPRVWUDSRUiJXDGHVWLODGD
8PD XQLGDGH GH HQ]LPD IRL GHILQLGD FRPR D TXDQWLGDGH QHFHVViULD
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Material e Métodos

'RVDJHPGHDo~FDUHVUHGXWRUHV

$GRVDJHPGHDo~FDUHVUHGXWRUHVIRLUHDOL]DGDSHORPpWRGR'16
iFLGR GLQLWURVDOLFtOLFR SURSRVWR SRU 0LOOHU FRP PRGLILFDo}HV $
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WHPSHUDWXUDHPDXVrQFLDGHVXEVWUDWR

Material e Métodos

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yWLPRV GHWHUPLQDGRV SDUD FDGD OLQKDJHP H P/ GD PLVWXUD
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Material e Métodos

(VWDELOLGDGHIUHQWHjYDULDomRGHWHPSHUDWXUD

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LQFXEDomR HP WXERV GH URVFD HP WHPSHUDWXUDV GH D ± & HEXOLomR
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(VWXGRXVH R HIHLWR GRV tRQV FiOFLR QD DWLYLGDGH GDV DPLODVHV GR
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Material e Métodos

DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH P/ GXUDQWH XPD KRUD HP EDQKRPDULD FRP
DJLWDomR FRQVWDQWH D & $R ILQDO GD SULPHLUD HWDSD RV KLGUROLVDGRV
IRUDP DXWRFODYDGRV GXUDQWH PLQXWRV D & UHVIULDGRV D & H
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PHVPDV FRQGLo}HV GH DJLWDomR WHPSHUDWXUD H WHPSR GH LQFXEDomR GD
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UHGXWRUHV SUHVHQWHV QR KLGUROLVDGR H[SUHVVRV FRPR GH[WURVH H FDOFXODGRV
FRPRSRUFHQWDJHPGHPDWpULDVHFDWRWDOSHVRVHFRGHDPLGRLQLFLDO

Sol. Enz. Bruta

(10U/g Amido)
85ºC/ 1 h AUTOCLAVAGEM RESFRIAMENTO

50 mL
Agitação 120 ºC/15 min 80ºC
SOL. AMIDO
(25% p/p)
ANÁLISE Sol. Enz. Bruta

(10U/g Amido)
➲ Teor de açúcar redutor

50 mL 85ºC/ 1 h 50 mL
➲ Reação com iodo Agitação
➲ Cromatografia de papel
(açúcares presentes no hidrolisado) HIDROLISADO

)LJXUD ² 5HSUHVHQWDomR HVTXHPiWLFD GR SURFHGLPHQWR UHDOL]DGR SDUD REWHQomR GR
KLGUROLVDGR GH DPLGR GH PDQGLRFD SHOR XVR GDV VROXo}HV HQ]LPiWLFDV I~QJLFD H EDFWHULDQD
8JDPLGRHPGXDVHWDSDVGXUDQWHGXDVKRUDV

Material e Métodos

(IHLWRGRWHPSRHFRQFHQWUDomRGDHQ]LPDI~QJLFDQDKLGUyOLVH
GRDPLGRGHPDQGLRFDHPHWDSD~QLFD

$ )LJXUD HVTXHPDWL]D R SURFHGLPHQWR UHDOL]DGR SDUD REWHQomR GR
KLGUROLVDGR GH DPLGR GH PDQGLRFD HP HWDSD ~QLFD YDULDQGRVH D
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GH DPLGR 2V HQVDLRV IRUDP UHDOL]DGRV QDV PHVPDV FRQGLo}HV GH
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Sol. Enz. Bruta

(20, 30 e 40 U/g Amido)
50 mL
85ºC/ 1, 2 e 3h
50 mL ANÁLISE
Agitação
➲ Teor de açúcar redutor
➲ Reação com iodo

SOL. AMIDO
HIDROLISADO
(25% p/p) ➲ Cromatografia de papel
(açúcares presentes no
hidrolisado)

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DPLGRHPHWDSD~QLFDGXUDQWHXPDGXDVHWUrVKRUDV

Material e Métodos

$QiOLVHFURPDWRJUiILFDGRVSURGXWRVGHKLGUyOLVHSUHVHQWHVQRV
KLGUROLVDGRVREWLGRVDSDUWLUGDKLGUyOLVHHPGXDVHWDSDV

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VHQGRUHWLUDGDVDOtTXRWDVGHµ/GDVXVSHQVmRDFDGDPLQXWRVDVTXDLV
IRUDPDQDOLVDGDVTXDQWRDRWHRUGHDo~FDUHVUHGXWRUHVHDSOLFDGDVHPSDSHO
Whatman QSDUDGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDFURPDWRJUDILDGHSDSHOGHVFHQGHQWH
LWHP

Material e Métodos

3HUILOGHYLVFRVLGDGHGRVDPLGRVGHPDQGLRFDQDWXUDOHWUDWDGR
FRPVROXomRHQ]LPiWLFDEUXWD

$ DomR GDV HQ]LPDV VREUH R DPLGR GH PDQGLRFD WDPEpP IRL
DFRPSDQKDGD XWLOL]DQGRVH XP UiSLGR YLVFR DQDOLVDGRU PRGHOR 59$
Newport Scientific $XVWUiOLD 6XVSHQV}HV GH DPLGR S/S J SHVR
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PDQWLGDV D & SRU GRLV PLQXWRV FRQIRUPH VXJHVWmR GR IDEULFDQWH $
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PLFURUJDQLVPRTXHHVWiSUHVHQWHQDPLFURIORUDGRVRORHVWiUHODFLRQDGRFRP
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'D PHVPD IRUPD SRGHVH MXVWLILFDU D EXVFD SRU OLQKDJHQV
DPLOROtWLFDVWHUPRItOLFDVHPFRPSRVWDJHQVGHPDWpULDRUJkQLFDFRPRDFDPD
GHIUDQJRHRHVWHUFRERYLQRGHYLGRjVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVTXHHVWDVDSUHVHQWDP
H[FUHWDV FRP SRVVtYHO SUHVHQoD GH UHVtGXRV GH DPLGR SURYHQLHQWHV GD GLHWD

Resultados e Discussão

DOLPHQWDU GHVWHV DQLPDLV H D DOWD WHPSHUDWXUD DOFDQoDGD QR LQWHULRU GRV
PRQWHV
$ LQG~VWULD ´)UDQJR 6HUWDQHMRµ IRL HVFROKLGD SDUD FROHWDV SRLV VDELD
VH SUHYLDPHQWH TXH RV IUDQJRV FULDGRV HP JUDQMDV SRVVXHP GLHWD ULFD HP
UHVtGXRV GH DPLGR 'HVWD IRUPD D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH VH HQFRQWUDU
PLFURUJDQLVPRV DPLOROtWLFRV DGHULGRV DR FRUSR SHQDV H H[FUHWDV GHVWHV
DQLPDLV HUD EDVWDQWH JUDQGH )UHQWH D HVWDV LQIRUPDo}HV D LQLFLDWLYD GH VH
FROHWDUHPUHVtGXRVGDLQG~VWULDIRLXPDGDVVROXo}HVHQFRQWUDGDVQDEXVFD
GH PLFURUJDQLVPRV WHUPRItOLFRV XPD YH] TXH VRPHQWH HVWHV UHVLVWLULDP D
WHPSHUDWXUD GH DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH & TXH p DWLQJLGD SHOD iJXD GRV
HVFDOGDGRUHV H GDV GHSHQDGHLUDV GH IUDQJR $ SUHVHQoD GRV PHVPRV HP
UHVtGXRV DOLPHQWDUHV FRQWLGRV QD PRHOD SUyYHQWUtFXOR H SDSR WDPEpP HUD
SRVVtYHOGHYLGRjH[LVWrQFLDGHIRUPDVHVSRUXODGDV
(P DPRVWUDV GH iJXDV GH ULRV QmR IRL HQFRQWUDGR QHQKXP
PLFURUJDQLVPR WHUPRItOLFR HPERUD D SUHVHQoD GRV PHVPRV QHVVH DPELHQWH
VHMD SRVVtYHO HP FDVR GH OL[LYLDomR GH HVSRURV SURYHQLHQWHV GRV VRORV
DGMDFHQWHV
$ PDLRU SURSRUomR GH EDFWpULDV HP UHODomR DRV IXQJRV LVRODGDV QR
SUHVHQWHWUDEDOKRFRUURERUDRVGDGRVGH6RDUHVHWDOFXMDSURSRUomR
GH EDFWpULDV SHFWLQROtWLFDV LVRODGDV HP screening XOWUDSDVVRX GRV
IXQJRVILODPHQWRVRV
(VVD GLVFUHSkQFLD SRGH HVWDU UHODFLRQDGD j PDLRU YHORFLGDGH GH
FUHVFLPHQWRGDVEDFWpULDVRTXHDFDEDSRULQLELURFUHVFLPHQWRVGRVIXQJRV
QDPHVPDSODFDGH3HWUL3RURXWURODGRGHYHVHFRQVLGHUDUTXHDSUHVHQoD
GH EDFWpULDV WHUPRItOLFDV QR DPELHQWH p PDLRU TXH D GH IXQJRV WHUPRItOLFRV
DOpP GD WHUPRILOLD GH IXQJR VHU PHQRV LQWHQVD TXH D GH EDFWpULDV
0$+(6+:$5,HWDO
$ LGHQWLILFDomR GH FDGD OLQKDJHP EHP FRPR R ORFDO HP TXH IRUDP
FROHWDGDVVmRPRVWUDGRVQD7DEHOD


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Referências Bibliográficas

Bacillus VS $ H & SDUD R IXQJR Mucor VS $ 4XDQWR D
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Isolamento de Linhagens

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Isolamento de Linhagens

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Rabalho, Alessandra Aparecida.

Orientador: Eleni Gomes

1. Enzimas. 2. Enzimas microbianas. 3. Amilases. 4.

 &XUVR GH JUDGXDomR HP &LrQFLDV %LROyJLFDV QR

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Dedico este trabalho,

Aos meus pais, João e Odete,

Ao meu grande amor Fabrício, meu referencial para

Agradeço especialmente à Profa. Dra. Eleni Gomes, pela confiança, pelo

Aos Professores integrantes da banca examinadora, Prof. Dr. Gustavo O.

Aos Professores da Pós-Graduação pelos ensinamentos transmitidos no

Ao Prof. Dr. Roberto da Silva pela amizade e prestatividade com que me

Aos funcionários da Seção de Pós-Graduação, especialmente a Rosemar,

Aos funcionários da biblioteca, especialmente a Elza Satto, pela presteza no

Aos funcionários e técnicos dos Departamentos de Química e Biologia,

Ao Banco do Brasil, em nome do Sr. Hélio Schultz, pela pesquisa e

À FAPESP, processo 99/12840-4, pelo auxílio financeiro.

A todos os colegas do curso de Pós-Graduação pelo incentivo constante e

Aos queridos amigos do Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada:

À Valquíria Barco Damiano, pela serenidade com que instruiu e acompanhou

À Solange Xavier dos Santos e Denise Prado do Amaral Voltarelli, pela

Às amigas Elaine Priscilla e Luísa Jorge porque, apesar da distância, nunca

À Silvia R. Viodres, pelo ternura com que me ajudou a compreender e superar

À Deus que, na sua infinita misericórdia, me ofereceu juntamente com as

“Vida devotada a atividade criadora em ciência é vida

Theodosius Dobzhansky, 1970

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