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INTRODUCTION The recent development of spatial data infrastructure in the frame of geographic information systems (GIS) has created the new era of different applications in the field of environment. The scope and the scale of urban areas problems make the GIS a powerful tool for management of spatial and temporal data, complex analyses and visualization. The ability to manage a number of spatial and temporal data formats, data structures created in the frame of the GISs open the ways to building air quality information systems analyzing climatic parameters that synthesize geospatial and temporal air quality data to support spatial-temporal analysis and dynamic modeling.

WHY GIS NOT CONVENTIONAL APPROACH Conventional approach, although found satisfactory in many instances, has a number of definite limitations: standard monitoring stations require high investment costs, extensive maintenance and training and highly specialized personnel, data gathered by automatic analyzers are not suitable for a rapid interpretation and, unless used to compare the values with pre-defined limits or air quality standards, they are not always useful. Considering the nature of collected measurements, the research requires a spatio-temporal data management. The increase in computing power and graphics is facilitating the advance of geographic information systems-GIS, which can effectively satisfy these tasks.

Data analysis in the frame of the GIS represents one of the next steps. Air pollution maps are potentially powerful tools particularly for urban areas for use in epidemiological studies. They can help to identify the hot-spots in need of special investigation or monitoring.

SITE DESCRIPTION IN TRIVENDRUM traffic data, average traffic counts have increased over the previous year and have been climbing at about that same rate for the past many years. The combined increase in road traffic and lack of significant improvement in road infrastructure has caused chronic congestion on all principle roads and dangerously high levels of pollution. Vehicle emissions are responsible for the majority of CO, hydrocarbons, NOx, SO2 and inhaled particulate matter present in the atmosphere of the city. Mapping of air pollutants as NOx, O3 and SO2 is visualized in the Trivendrum urban area using GIS. The visualization is displayed to improve its interpretability and to point the hot spots where the highest pollution occurs which can be easily detected by representing pollution level using an appropriate color ramp. The spatial and temporal of air pollution in urban area is investigated based on ambient air quality levels in summer and winter. At the same time the influence of meteorological conditions is also analyzed.

The entire city has got only 4 ambient air quality monitoring stations. With this limited number of stations, to represent the air quality in Trivendrumcity spatially is a difficult task. Hence a co-ordinated methodology to map the air quality in Trivendrum City using GIS is applied.

METHODOLOGY Surveys for air pollutants as NOx, and SO2 were conducted.The sampling stations were located in PRS HOSPITAL and SMV HIGH SCHOOL in the city heart. The measurement was taken on daily basis and averaged for the whole month and the data for the four years of the above mentioned locations were taken. The methods for calculating SO2 was WEST AND GAEKE method and for nox it was SODIUM ARGENITE method. The pollutant concentrations for different years are visualized in the histograms view of the Trivendrum urban area. GIS was used to compare the different views representing the different years of sampling in order to investigate the influence of pollutants. The visualized result has the potential to provide valuable information for pollution impact analysis, by including also the dimension of the influenced area and population. The spatial assessment of air pollution within Trivendrum urban area can be exploited by environmental scientists in order to plan their future strategies. ARC GIS software was used.
6

DATA USED (NOTE - ALL DATA IS IN MICROGRAMS PER METERCUBE) NO2

S08 S S08

272 0

27 7

22 29

29 299

282 282

27 278

22 2

0 292

0 08

0 272

0 29

S S09

2 7

2 8

2 9

2 7

2 78

2 8

2 8

SO2
79

S 200 S S 200

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

7 08 89

7 7

`VU

V`W

`V

V W

VU

t h

e yx

YV

YVU

xd

YV

hf

xd

VW

we

WVU

vu

qte

s qe r p

VWW

hg

VU

S 07 S S 07
c b a TS

2 98 0

27 29 7

0 29

2 7 29 9

2 7 28 2

2 27 8

2 2 2

0 29 2

2 8 08

27 27 2

29 29

2 2 8

0 8

2 8

8 70

'

%(

'

@6R

& '

P4 Q

&

&

@P

B6H

$'

GF3

(( %

DF E 2

64F

38 E

D C9B3

A@938

76

fe

43

S 200 S S 200
1 0 ) "!

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

2 27 8

2 9 2

2 2 28

2 0 2 92

22 2 2

22 8 2 9

2 2 9

 $#

 & $

   '

  # &

  && $

 

2 #

} |{ } |{  i eu

|{ 

|{ s t |{  is r

{ |{ |{  k eq r

{ |{ ~ | po

}y |{ |{  mo n

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z |{ z |{ g n

~{ |{ |{  m lhk

~y |y

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SMVHS 09
SMVHS 08

jan

6.9 6.4

6.8 feb

7.8 9.5

7 march

9.1
6.5 6.2

april
6.5 6.4

7.7 may

6.8
7.7 6.6

june
7.2 7

7 july

6.1
6.9 6.1

aug
0 6.7

6.8 sept

7.1
0 7.4

oct
0 6.5

7.2 nov

7.3
0 7.7

dec
0 6.9

6.6

zy xwv

ANALYSIS With the dataWith the data collected,an attribute table was created in ARG GIS and with the help of properties BAR diagram of the pollution data was plotted.

NOX DATA 2 6

S02 DATA
2 6

11

12

RESULTS It was found that the emission of no2 and so2 has increased at an alarming pace but still they haven t reached a dangerous limit. If suitable measures were taken then pollution hazards may be controlled. The vehicle population has increased with time.The ambient air quality of trivendrum has deteriorated with an increase in the number of vehicles and industrial pollution. A recent study by the State Pollution Control Board (PCB) found that the levels of suspended particular matter (SPM) has increased at several places

13

The urban changes has been shown in the outer trivendrum city region The images were taken in 4 years time period gap and urbanized region was found out as shown in the images below

Before urbanisation

and after urbanisation

14

Before urbanisation

and after urbanisation

   

15