DEFINITION

Gestational hypertension or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is defined as the development of new arterial hypertension in a pregnant woman after 20 weeks gestation without the presence of protein in the urine. your blood pressure levels must be higher than 140/90 mmHg during the last half of your pregnancy. Pregnancy-induced hypertension can be quite serious as it can lead to various complications both for you and your baby. Spook means ghost(informal)also means spy.if someone is spooked something scares them or make them nervous.

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infection, are major causes of female infertility, and others still, such as Mycoplasma infections, are implicated in spontaneous abortions. Viruses, principally the human papillomaviruses (HPV), appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of vulvar and cervical cancer.
Uteroplacental insufficiency can be precipitated by abnormal placentation, altered placental development, or maternal vascular thrombosis, and the effects may range from mild intrauterine growth retardation to severe uteroplacental ischemia and maternal toxemia

The normal uterine blood flow rate at term is 600 mL/min Placenta Abruption is the most common pathological cause of late pregnancy bleeding. In humans, it refers to the abnormal separation after 20 weeks of gestation and prior to birth. Some studies suggest that hypoxia resulting from inadequate perfusion upregulates sFlt-1, a VEGF and PlGF antagonist, leading to a damaged maternal endothelium and restriction of placental growth.[16] In addition, endoglin, a TGF-beta antagonist, is elevated in pregnant women who develop pre-eclampsia

opened permanently ( marsupialization).

Infection of the umbilical cord (funisitis)
Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes (congenital infections) A slab of something is thick piece of it.

The placenta begins to develop upon implantation of the blastocyst into the maternal endometrium. The outer layer of the blastocyst becomes the trophoblast which forms the outer layer of the placenta. Endothelin and prostanoids cause vasoconstriction in placental arteries, while nitric oxide vasodilation.[6] On the other hand, there is no neural vascular regulation, and catecholamines have only little effect. hCG is only present during pregnancy because it is secreted by the placenta, which is present only[8] during pregnancy. hCG also ensures that the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone is very important during pregnancy because when its secretion decreases, the endometrial lining will slough off and pregnancy will be lost.

Human Placental Lactogen (hPL [Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin]). This hormone is lactogenic and growth-promoting properties. It promotes mammary gland growth in preparation for lactation in the mother. It also regulates maternal glucose, protein, fat levels so that this is always available to the fetus.

Estrogen is referred to as the "hormone of women" because it stimulates the development of secondary female sex characteristics. It contributes to the woman's mammary gland development in preparation for lactation and stimulates uterine growth to accommodate growing fetus.

Progesterone is necessary to maintain endometrial lining of the uterus during pregnancy. This hormone prevents preterm labor by reducing myometrial contraction. Levels of progesterone are high during pregnancy.

The placenta is usually expelled within 1530 minutes of the baby being born. Placenta accreta (when the placenta implants too deeply, into actual muscle of uterine wall

Symptoms of PIH
Severe headaches Vomiting blood Excessive swelling of the feet and hands Smaller amounts of urine or no urine Blood in your urine Rapid heartbeat Dizziness Excessive nausea Ringing or buzzing sound in ears Excessive vomiting Drowsiness Fever Double vision Blurred vision Sudden blindness Pain in the abdomen (tummy

Treatment:
There is no specific treatment, but is monitored closely to rapidly identify pre-eclamsia and its life-threatening complications (HELLP Syndrome and eclampsia). Drug treatment options are limited, as many antihypertensives, may negatively affect the fetus; methyldopa, hydralazine and labetalol are most commonly used for severe pregnancy hypertension. Your doctor might tell you to take aspirin or extra calcium to prevent PIH. Many doctors give magnesium sulfate to their patients during labor and for a few days afterward to help prevent eclampsiaThe fetus is at increased risk for a variety of life-threatening conditions, including pulmonary hypoplasia. An appropriate plan for labor and delivery includes selection of a hospital with provisions for advanced life support of newborn babies. COMPLICATIONS Pregnancy-induced hypertension can be very dangerous for both you and your baby. If left untreated, it can easily worsen, leading to severe preeclampsia or eclampsia. Effects of pregnancy-related hypertensions include:

leaky blood vessels, leading to swelling and weight gain leaky vessels in the lungs, causing shortness of breath leaking liver vessels, causing swelling and liver damage protein leaks in the kidneys, which can lead to low birth weight babies

Typically, these complications will disappear after your baby is born, however, damage to the organs can still result. Some of the most serious complications of pregnancy-induced hypertension include:

blindness, liver rupture, and kidney failure in the mother placental abruption, in which the placenta separates from the uterus possibly resulting in stillbirth brain damage to mom, caused by swelling, convulsions, and coma HELLP syndrome, which can destroy the bodys red blood cells, liver, and stops the blood from clotting

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Dreadful is used to emphasize how bad something is,for someone it means upset or tired.Cholesterol level should be lower than 200 mg/dl Demise of something is their end of death.