Differentiation of Ethics to Morality Ethics: Ethics relates to the philosophy behind a moral outcome.

In order to spotlight acceptable and unacceptable behavior within a specific situation, ethical behavior is defined. The term 'ethics' also refers to understanding and adopting moral values within the home or workplace that should be defined. It relates to values commonly adhered to and fundamentals or meta-ethics in the immediate surroundings. There are different types of ethics and the application of each differs from one situation to another. In the case of normative ethics, the notion behind what declares an action as 'right' or 'wrong' is derived and defined. In meta-ethics, judgmental properties within a situation are investigated. Issues relating to the sensitivity of ontology, semantics and epistemology are explored in this stream of ethics. Descriptive ethics examines a situation as a choice made in the presence of the moral agents relevant. Here issues like preferred concepts of etiquette and aesthetics are considered. Relational ethics relate to personal interactions and responsibilities. Applied ethics on the other hand, investigates the success or failure of the application of ethical theory to every day situations. Ethics are an integral part of social laws and politics. In any dichotomy situation, one where two choices are available, ethics steps in to identify the best action-choice. Ethical action is defined and questioned within our interactions with the terminally sick, animals aged citizens and in issues such as abortion. Morality: Morality refers to an adopted code of conduct within an environment and a set of agreed upon rules for what is 'right' and 'wrong'. Morals have formed the spine of modern society, religion and every individual's conscience. The conceptions changed in time and take on a new meaning. For example, 'murder is immoral', but 'on the battlefield murder is permissible'. In a way, morality is in sync with ethics. While one is abstract in understanding, the other is defined and in the form of written code. Morality addresses the ethical queries on the moral outcome of a specific situation. The code of conduct formulated probes prohibitions, controversial behavior, standards of belief systems and social conformity of morally 'right' behavior. Moral codes define 'appropriate' and 'expected' activity. Community morality is usually defined via commentaries and codes of authority. Morality is better understood as an assimilation of beliefs about the essentials to lead a 'good' life. It is not to be confused with religious or fanatic or political preception. Moral codes are based on value systems that have been tried and tested. The best examples of moral codes include the Eightfold Path of Buddhism and the Ten commandments. It is believed that all of us, throughout our lives, act from a developing moral core. The difference between ethics and morals can seem somewhat arbitrary to many, but there is a basic, albeit subtle, difference. Morals define personal character, while ethics stress a social system in which those morals are applied. In other words, ethics point to standards or codes of behavior expected by the group to which the individual belongs. This could be national ethics, social ethics, company ethics, professional ethics, or even family ethics. So while a persons

moral code is usually unchanging, the ethics he or she practices can be otherdependent. Morality vs. Ethics There is a fine line that differentiates between ethics and morality. Morals are of an individual nature; they shape a persons character and his personal code of conduct in society. Ethics, on the other hand, are responsible for creating the social system and framework within which those morals are applicable. Put differently, ethics are certain standards we are expected to adhere to while interacting either as an individual or a group in society. Ethics are social codes that all of us need to practice, be it in politics, business, relationships or in social situations. While an individuals moral code is rigid and not influenced by any external sources, the ethics that he practices can be subject to change. For a better understanding of the basic difference between ethics and morality, let us take a look at a situation often faced by a criminal defense lawyer. The lawyers personal code of morals will tell him that murder is wrong and unpardonable, and that if released, the defendant may contribute further to crime in society; yet the lawyers work ethics will demand that he defend the accused to the very best of his abilities. In this case, a persons moral code has to be put aside and instead his work ethics code must be applied. The corporate battlefield too sees plenty of clashes between ethics and morals. Corporate greed and stress often makes a person comprise on his moral obligations towards society and family. Other areas which bring up issues relating to the contradiction between ethics and morality are abortion, homosexuality and religion The Filipino Nation and Some Filipino Characteristics The Filipinos are a peace-loving but brave people. They prefer a serene life to one of disorder and violence. They ordinarily settle court litigation instead of bloody combat. But when they are provoked to defend their freedom, they can fight fiercely to death. They eloquently proved their courage during World War II, in their earlier revolution against Spain, and when they fought the far betterequipped Americans from 1899 to 1913. The Filipinos are a hospitable people. They welcome their visitors with open arms and a warm heart. They give the best of what they have to their guests. They give them their best food, the best place in their homes to sleep in, and the best things and facilities just to make them enjoy their stay. They do these things to the extent f borrowing money. Our home is your home, they tell their guests and mean it too. The Filipinos are famous for their courtesy and respect for their elders. To them, respect for ones elders is a law. As a result, Filipino parents and grandparents have strong moral influence on the children. The children willingly obey their elders and faithfully help them do their work. Filipinos do nothing important without the advice and consent of their parents and other elders. The elders believeand demandthat they should be obeyed. The Filipino use of po and opo in his speech signifies his respect.

The Filipinos have close family ties. The Filipino family is a firm basic unit of Philippine society, and everything revolves around it. Ordinarily, the family is composed of the parents, children, grandparents, and other close relatives. Although the father is in name the head of the Filipino family, the Filipino mother manages or governs the Filipino home. There are proportionately far more Filipino women running government offices and business enterprises than there are in Europe and America. There were many women leaders during the Philippine revolution. The Spaniards made the Filipino women stay home, but the women swiftly won back their rights when the Americans came. Aside from those of the parents, the opinions of the grandparents, uncles, and aunts are sought on important matters in Philippine society. The Filipinos have a fatalistic outlook on life. They firmly believe that what happens to them is the work of fate. For this reason, they display sense of resignation and indifference to what will happen. This fatalism is well expressed in the phrase Bahala na (Let fate decide). Like other Asians, the Filipinos are hard-working but extravagant. They are fond of fiestas and merrymaking, expensive clothes and jewelry, nice homes, and good time. The will spend a whole years savings or even borrow money just to celebrate. A happy occasion gives them happiness and prestige. But though extravagant in their tastes and habits, the Filipinos make up for it by hard work. They do not mind if they work very hard all year provided they can have a good time. Loyalty is another national trait of Filipinos. Do them even just a little favor and they will be grateful to you for it till they die. To them, loyalty out of friendship is sacred and implies mutual help and protection under all circumstances. To the Filipinos, a friend is a member of ones family and is expected to share its misfortunes as well as its joys. The Filipinos are a hardy and durable people. Over the centuries, they have been hit by all kinds of catastrophewars, invasions, pestilence, earthquakes, typhoons, floods and firesand have survived them all. They may face mighty problems but they do not easily break down. Proud and sensitive, the Filipinos feel no inferiority to any race. They resent racial prejudice and insult. They will fight to the death for their honor and freedom. The almost 400 years of Spanish occupation of the Philippines were marked by a great many revolts against the Spaniards. The other nationals fought by the Japanese in World War II quickly surrendered. The Filipinos continued fighting them till the end of the was in 1945. Speaking of values, the Filipinos as a people have several admirable values. The most important of these are the following: #1. Pakikisama, or sense of comradeship or togetherness #2. Utang na Loob, or a sense of gratitude #3. Kahihiyan, or a sense of shame.

Pakikisama is doing somebodywhether a close friend or a strangera good deed. As a Filipino value, the main elements attached to pakikisama are unselfishness and good faith. Utang na loob is the custom of faithfully repaying favors given to one. Kahihiyan, or hiya is an Asian social vaue which prevents a person from doing anything foolish or bad so as not to place his family or relatives in an unpleasant situation. The Filipinos respect law and order. They have a clear notion of right and wrong, of what is fair and unfair. They have a high moral code based on ethical values. They are dutiful to their elders, chivalrous to women, and law-abiding. The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People Habit 1: Be Proactive Covey says you must use your resourcefulness and your initiative to work toward your personal goals. In particular, each person has both a circle of influence and a circle of concern. Worrying endlessly about things outside of your circle of influence isn't particularly productive. Working within your circle of influence is productive. Further, the more effective you become, the more your circle of influence will expand. Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind Covey starts with the extreme example of considering your death. What do you want people to say about you at your funeral? How will you be remembered? Note to budding, self-help writers: Leave the funeral spiel out. It's not particularly motivating! Covey says that many people climb the ladder of success only to find the ladder was leaning against the wrong wall. He writes, "We may be very busy, we may be very efficient, but we will also be truly effective only when we begin with the end in mind." To succeed, Covey suggests visualization. He points out many peak, athletic performers are visualizers. Covey writes: "You can do it [visualization] in any area of your life. Before a performance, a sales presentation, a difficult confrontation, or the daily challenge of meeting a goal, see it clearly, vividly, relentlessly, over and over again. Create an internal "comfort zone." Then, when you get into the situation, it isn't foreign. It doesn't scare you." Habit 3: Put First Things First Put First Things First is the habit that became a book. But, we'll wait for the movie. While we strongly recommend The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, the book, First Things First, didn't really seem to add any significant insight to the basic theme. Big rocks, sand, jar. Put the big rocks in the jar first, so they will fit. Same old, same old. The key to putting first things first is to understand that you have many things you can do which will have a significant, positive impact on your life. But, you probably don't do them, because they aren't urgent. They can be delayed. Of course, so will your success.

Covey stresses that you must balance Production (P) with Productive Capability (PC). You must keep the engine producing, but also maintain the engine. You must allocate time to improve your Productive Capability. You shouldn't spend time doing unimportant things. Covey says that all time management can be summed up by one short line: "Organize and execute around priorities." He's correct. And, that's why you don't need to read First Things First! The first-things-first chapter in The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People will teach you all you need to know about time management. Interdependence The remaining habits in The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People are habits of interdependence. Rather than being dependent upon other people, or trying to be totally independent, we learn how to be more effective by effectively working with others. Covey writes: "Independent thinking alone is not suited to interdependent reality. Independent people who do not have the maturity to think and act interdependently may be good individual producers, but they won't be good leaders or team players. They're not coming from the paradigm of interdependence necessary to succeed in marriage, family, or organizational reality." Stephen Covey's Habits of Interdependence. Habit 4: Think Win/Win Thinking Win/Win means seeking mutual benefit in your human interactions. Covey points out that many people think Win/Lose. They internally believe, "If I win, you lose." Such people focus upon power and credentials, but have trouble building meaningful relationships. Such people drive other people away and are seldom extremely effective. Such Win/Lose thinking is encouraged and programmed into us by society. Covey writes: "[A] ...powerful programming agent is athletics, particularly for young men in their high school or college years. Often they develop the basic paradigm that life is a big game, a zero sum game where some win and some lose. 'Winning' is 'beating' ... ." To be successful you should learn to leverage the strengths of others. To do this effectively involves being able to find Win/Win deals. No deal is better than any non-Win/Win deal. Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, then to be Understood Covey observes that few people have training in listening. Most people don't listen. They wait to talk. But, how can you discover Win/Win deals, if you aren't even listening to the other party? Covey also suggests that you don't read your own personal autobiography into the lives of other people. Listening shouldn't be selective listening. Nor should we only pretend to listen to others.

Covey writes: "Communication experts estimate, in fact, that only 10 percent of our communication by the words we say. Another 30 percent is represented by our sounds [tone? Or, does he mean "sounds" like chortle, chortle, grunt, grunt ?], and 60 percent by our body language. In empathic listening, you listen with your ears, but you also, and more importantly, listen with your eyes and with your heart. You listen for feeling, for meaning. You listen for behavior. You use your right brain as well as your left. You sense, you intuit, you feel." Habit 6: Synergize Covey writes: "What is synergy? Simply defined, it means that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts." Covey goes on to discuss synergy in the classroom and synergy in business. To be effective, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People emphasizes that we must value the differences between people and how they view the world. That difference can be used as a source of insight. Covey says: "Valuing the differences is the essence of synergy-the mental, the emotional, the psychological differences between people. And the key to valuing those differences is to realize that all people see the world, not as it is, but as they are." Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw The final habit discussed in The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is "Sharpen the Saw," which focuses upon self-renewal. There is an analogy with Habit 3: Put First Things First, where we learned that we must balance Productivity (P) with future Productive Capability (PC). Just as a machine will wear out quickly if not properly maintained, the same is true for your own personal productivity. You must take care of yourself.