Meaning of control The organisation set up to supervise and regulate the running of trains and the movement of traffic

in the best possible manner with the resources available is called CONTROL. Objects of control Control over the movement of trains and traffic over a section of the Railway is exercised round the clock,to achieve the following 1.The cohension in moving trains and traffic 2.To avoid delay to trains and traffic 3.To effect economy in working of trains 4.To improve the general working of trains,and 5.To increase the efficiency in working of trains Elements of a control circuit The basic elements of a control circuit are Control Office Way Stations and Communication between control office & way station

Control offices The control offices may be described as the nerve centers of the Divisional Operating Organisation.The control organisation generally consists of a specific officer deputed for the purpose with a deputy officer and the following executive staff. Chief controller Deputy chief controller Train controller

Chief controller is the highest executive authority in charge of the organization and is chiefly responsible for the efficient operation of the system. Deputy chief controller directly supervises the work of the section controllers,assists them during their work and also scrutinizes thoroughly the control charts. Train controller deals with the actual movement of the trains, does the following in the control charts and deals with the movement of trains as a whole.

Train Control Chart The train control is exercised adopting graphical plotting method.In the graphical plotting method of train control, a graphical chart is provided in which the distance is indicated on the Y axis and the time on X axis.The smallest sub division of time axis may be 1 or 2 or4 minutes depending on the density of traffic.The distance axis gives the overall length of the section with names of the stations and the distance between stations. Way Station The reduce the headway of trains & to increase the train traffic density way stations are created. Communication Between Control Office & Way Stations Communication plays an important role in control working.On non-electified areas, these circuits are provided on a 2-wire basis on the open lines along the route or on 4-wire basis through under ground communication cable wires.On electrified areas,the control communication circuits are provided only on 4-wire basis through under ground communication cable wires.Four wire working was chosen because of the difficulty in maintaining the stability of 2-wire amplifier circuits with long control sections and large number of tapping points,practically one per Railway Station. Provisions of the control communication The control communication circuits are engineered to meet the following requirements Speech 1. Speech between the controller and the farthest station should be acceptable irrespective of the number of wayside stations listening in. 2. The controller and the way side stations should be able to have conference facilities. Signalling 1. The controller should be able to call any station along the route or a group of stations on the section along the route or all the stations simultaneously 2. The controller should an audible indication when the bell at the called station rings.

Control communication equipment

The control communication circuits are only by circuits when any way side stations is talking to the controller, other stations can listen to the conversations and if they desire can take part in the discussions.For providing hands free arrangements to the controller,a microphone and loud speaker are provided in addition to normal handset.

The communication equipment to be provide, for different signalling methods, at controllers place and at way stations are as tabulated below:

Purpose

Equipment at Controllers Place

Equipment at Way station

Speech

(a)Handset, (b)Microphone & Loud speaker (c)Headset (optional).

Control Telephone

DTMF Signalling

DTMF&DTMF

DTMF Decoder