NEWS

What journalists are looking for according to Denis MacShane in Using the Media is:
CONFLICT HARDSHIP & DANGER to the COMMUNITY THE UNUSUAL SCANDAL INDIVIDUALISM

All newspapers are constrained in what they can print by the self regulating PCC http://www.pcc.org.uk and journalists conform to professional journalistic ethics. Basically they must not break the law, especially the l ibel laws concerned with telling lies about someone, and other laws such as the race relations act.
Enews benefits y y A free press is the bedrock of a free democracy. Enews offers greater news availability, and its core aspect of citizen journalism involves more people in the news gathering process and therefore in the democratic process. Enews democratises the way we interact with the establishment and its processes. Enews as part of social networking sites encourages debate and discourse.

y y

Continuous news channels: CNN= first rolling news channel in 1970 BBC News 24 BBC Parliament- political news BBC World

BBC NEWS Interactive services: Ceefax BBC News Online BBC Interactive TV via red button BBC mobile BBC Desktop ticker History

14 November 1922 The First BBC news broadcast "For the first time in history, news was broadcast in England last night by the British Broadcasting Company". Now a primary service: According to an ICM poll, 93% of the UK population turned to BBC television, radio, text or online during the first two weeks of the war in Iraq. 1997 BBC News embraces new media BBC News became a tri-media provider of news in November 1997 with the launch of BBC News Online. Bob Eggington: there was no choice as to whether the BBC should respond to the opportunities offered by the Internet. The web was where young people were going. 1997 TV news goes digital Britain acquired a BBC continuous news service. Emphasis on informality: Young presenters, jargon free language and for the first time, jacketless presenters. The softer approach to the news was reversed after two years later when the channel was relaunched.

Our mission To enrich people's lives with programmes and services that inform, educate and entertain Our values Trust is the foundation of the BBC: we are independent, impartial and honest. Audiences are at the heart of everything we do. We take pride in delivering quality and value for money. Creativity is the lifeblood of our organisation. We respect each other and celebrate our diversity so that everyone can give their best. We are one BBC: great things happen when we work together. Mark Thompson the Director General of the BBC: We need to find ways to develop content across platforms what were calling 360 degree commissioning and production .

News Corporation News International News of the world The Sun The Times The Sunday Times 175 papers world wide The problem with Murdoch? He is perceived through News Corp to have too much power political, financial and social and more so in America than here. The main argument against him is that he owns too much of the media in the UK and therefore must have influence on how the nation thinks, votes and spends its money. So what does Murdoch own? In the UK News Corp owns: Newspapers: The Sun, News of the World, The Times, The Sunday Times (& The Wall Street journal) Television: BSkyB including Sky News and all the many Sky channels. Sky started in 1989 with 4 satellite channels. Today it has over 10 million customers who pay an average of 541 per annum for television, broadband and phone services (compare the TV licence fee of 145.50 per annum). By 2015 Sky will be in 12 million homes. BSkyB is the biggest broadcaster in the UK. Its revenue in the UK was 5.9bn in the 12 months to June, which compares with the BBC's global revenues of 4.8bn.

Sky news is his only TV channel that may have some influence over politicians as they are interviewed and take part in discussion programmes. It has a daily reach of approx 3.4 million people which is a 1.3% share of the audience. Comparing like with like - BBC News has a 5.5 million daily reach with 1.9% share of TV viewing (source BARB March 2011 www.BARB.co.uk). BBC and ITN news on mainstream BBC, ITV and Channel 4 channels have of course very much larger audiences. BBC1 News on Sunday 20th March 2011had an audience of 5.75 million. ITV NEWS at 1830 on MON 14th March 2011 had an audience of 4.05 million.

BSkyB and Plurality Plurality is about the number, variety and independence of contemporary media companies in the UK, and is at the heart of Ofcoms role to oversee media companies operating here. In 2011 news Corp announced that it wanted to buy the 61% of BSkyB that it does not already own. This caused turmoil in the media. An unlikely alliance of all major newspaper publishers and the BBC opposed the take over worried that an enlarged News Corp would make it harder for them to compete, and they organised a campaign to make the government block the takeover. The decision about whether to allow it to go ahead was eventually handled by Jeremy Hunt the Culture Secretary of the Coalition Government. The issue was whether this deal would affect the plurality of media and particularly of news provision in the UK. Spread into New media

The first mention of 360 degree content was by Mark Thompson the Director General of the BBC in summer 2006 . He told BBC staff: We need to find ways to develop content across platforms what were calling 360 degree commissioning and production.
A typical story will have:  a streamed video report and interview  an audio report and podcast  a text and pictures report,  blog from a journalist with comments and extra input from users.  possibly citizen journalist input  text news to mobile phones  RSS feeds  the whole story will be archived with user access  The BBC also links news stories to social networking site such as facebook and Youtube. 360-degree distribution: delivering content to any platform or device at any time and on the viewers terms. Its driven by customer convenience and personal choice - something that linear broadcast cant deliver. Newspaper websites

Newspaper circulation is going down as more people get their news from electronic media. All the newspapers have online sites that use the logos and writing style of the printed edition to make sure they keep their readers

allegiance and feel at home. The quality and freshness of online content brings in browsers and new readers, as well as retaining long -term readers, but this is not cheap. The difficulty for the newspaper industry is that the online editions are costly to upkeep, and deliver less profit than the printed editions. This may change as advertisers see the potential of the online audience, such as flexibility and greater interactivity. It is unlikely at present that newspapers will abandon their print editions. We may see newspaper companies charging for online content or, as The Guardian and other newspapers do already, ask online readers to register to receive extra content. The personal nature of online newspapers worries advertisers as they feel that the advertisements do not have the longevity of print advertisers or the impact in terms of size. Newspapers and their full page advertisements are left around for many people to s ee, whereas online reading is a solitary personal activity.
Digital Democracy and politics

Daily Telegraph- Conservative Party The Guardian- the Labour Party on most issues. The Guardian famously did not support Labour Prime Minister Tony Blairs decision to take the country to war with Iraq in 2003. Now people read news from a variety of news sources, not 1 paper. It is arguable that the political impetus has been pulled from under the feet of the big media institutions by the growth of the int ernet. Electronic newsgathering has allowed news to come from many new areas. Some newspapers have responded by dumbing down their political content, and concentrating on celebrity and lifestyle copy, general comment by columnists, and leisure and enterta inment issues. They are unlikely to gain the political initiative for some time, although ministers and government still want to feel the big circulation newspapers are on their side. Audience centered Newspapers are very self-seeking. They will always follow what they think are the views of their readership. Newspapers do a lot of research with focus groups and questionnaires. In the end though they make sure that they do not lose readers just to please a political party.
Prince Harrys deployment on the front line in Afghanistan. This news was kept from the public by all UK news organisations for security purposes, but broke at the end of February on http://www.drudgereport.com A US alternative news website. British Royal Prince Harry has been fighting in Afghanistan since late

Decemberand has been directly involved in battle. Australian magazine NEW IDEA and the German daily BILD have broken world embargoes on the development. CNN has debated internally on the merits of reporting Harry at war.
Citizen journalism and social networking Social bookmarking links Every story page on the News and Sport websites now includes links to a range of social bookmarking / sharing websites. Mobile phones = pictures to email to news broadcaster, post on twitter/ facebook. We are part of the news gathering process. User Generated Content (UGC) is a broad platform where people share knowledge, ideas, news and experiences. These include digital video, blogging, podcasting, news, gossip, research, mobile phone photography and wikis.

In the enews age UGC is a must for every broadcasting organisation.

Nearly always UGC is monitored by website administrators to avoid offensive content or language, copyright infringement issues, or simply to determine if the content posted is relevant to the sites general theme. This is gatekeeping, still a hegemony of ideas which are inforced. In the five years since Twitter was created, it has played a growing role in the reporting of world events. The first glimpse that many people had of the site's potential was in 2009 when a US Airways plane made an emergency landing on New York's Hudson. Ferry passenger Janis Krums tweeted a picture of the stricken aircraft, moments after it came down. More recently, Twitter has been hailed as a catalyst in making world events happen. Anti-government protesters in the Middle East and parts of Africa have made extensive use of the website, along with Facebook to disseminate their messages. The 2011 Egyptian uprising, which led to the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak, has been widely referred to as the "Twitter Revolution". Case study:

Osamas death and twitter An IT consultant, living in Abbottabad, unknowingly tweeted details of the US-led operation as it happened. Sohaib Athar wrote that a helicopter was hovering overhead shortly before the assault began and said that it might not be a Pakistani aircraft. He only became aware of the significance of his tweets after President Obama announced details of Bin Laden's death. Even before President Obama confirmed the death of Osama Bin Laden, informed tweeters were speculating online about the reason for a hastily-organised White House press conference.

Globalisation of news BBC: BBC News is also a global news provider reaching more than 260 million viewers through the international TV news channel BBC World and more than 150 million listeners via BBC World Service. Global villiage Medium is the message "The medium is the message" is a phrase coined by Marshall McLuhan meaning that the form of a medium embeds itself in the message, creating a symbiotic relationship by which the medium influences how the message is perceived. The message of a newscast about a heinous crime may be less about the individual news story itself the content and more about the change in public attitude towards crime that the newscast engenders by the fact that such crimes are in effect being brought into the home to watch over dinner.

We want entertainment as well as news. The largest circulation newspaper is The Sun with nearly 3 million copies sold each day.
News immediacy and personalization

In the wireless universe, news is becoming personalised, and is available on demand as and when we, the audience, want it. You can sign up to receive news alerts on your mobile phone, or on your laptop and on your desktop computer. You can get football results, cricket scores and the latest stock market figures sent directly to your mobile. News is available on PDAs and other wirel ess handheld devices. Dramatic pictures can be aired very quickly from citizens on the scene at any news worthy events. This adds to the dynamism and authenticity of news but it still needs a reporter to interpret events for audiences.

RSS feeds The BBC offers many RSS feeds, including BBC News, BBC Sport and Doctor Who. Visit the BBCs Feed Factory website for a simple listing of them.

Newspapers: an industry in crisis Proplem 1: Taking the traditional newspaper model and trying to adapt it for the web. The most successful websites - most notably Google - started from scratch and developed innovative, technologically -sophisticated products for the unique demands of the web environment. Wrapping the cast iron model of a 200-year-old newspaper around the amorphous chaos of the internet is seemingly impossible. Newspaper websites face enormous challenges from citizen journalism, rapid changes in online trends and technologies, fragmented audiences and lack of revenue sources. Editors predict that by 2015, most site traffic will be generated by syndicated news content rather than random surfers. To remain competitive, sites will have to provide versatile news for a wide variety of platforms. Web users will continue to filter news content through their own beliefs and prejudices, customising their news package using favourite sites and sources. One web editor described the website as a life raft for the newspaper - a powerful metaphor for the state of online news. BBC's plans to introduce its own "ultra local news", accessible via satellite, cable and broadband. Digital technology ha s now made it possible to target news and information services to much smaller regions, sending local newspaper publishers into a blind panic about the increased competition Summary (2) The principal conclusion is that increasing commercial pressure, mainly driven by the inherent characteristics of the digital revolution, is undermining the business models that pay for the news (apart from BBC news, which is funded by the licence fee). In our view, this will weaken some media organisations, threaten to hollow out the craft of journalism and adversely impact the quality and availability of independent factual journalism in Britain.

(3) The digital revolution has this economic impact because, in the age of the search-powered web, the consumer is increasingly unwilling to pay for news, and prefers instead to read selected parts of the news agenda. The web therefore leads to the commoditisation and atomisation of news. Without large audiences, the advertising value of the news is reduced. The internet is capturing a rapidly growing share of total advertising expenditure, but most of this is going into paid search, controlled by new media companies such as Google, which aggregate the new s (and other content) but do not create it. (4) Nonetheless, UK news publishers have turned to the web to extend their reach, increase consumer value and loyalty, and generate at least some revenue, mainly from advertising, to compensate for the revenue lost as a result of the new commercial and technological pressures. Some have attracted massive but fragmented and transient audiences across the world, at relatively low incremental cost and with minimal marketing. A fundamental challenge is monetising t hese audiences, whilst also preserving the brand. A further challenge is the enormous popularity of the BBC website, and the very large traffic it attracts. Commercial UK sites believe that its success decreases their traffic, and thus affects advertising revenuethough the extent of this market impact is so far unproven. (5) In the UK and elsewhere, news publishers are increasingly building digitally mechanised factories, equipped to feed content to a range of media platforms, all day and all week. Newspapers are extending into real- time video, whilst TV broadcasters are expanding their provision of text- based coverage. This process of industry convergence is driven by the remorseless pursuit of productivity and cost-efficiency. Under pressure to exploit content across multiple platforms, many publishers are morphing into a form that favours the processing rather than the generation of content. (6) The sophisticated and fast-growing public relations industry (financed by wealthy individuals and corporate clients) appears to benefit from this trend. The client-driven, self-promoting incentives of PR align with the cost-cutting incentives of publis hers to encourage the rapid absorption of pre-packaged PR material into the twenty-first-century news factories. PRs route to the audience has never been so straightforward. Increasingly, the news that is available to UK citizens is developed by people re presenting the interests of their clients, rather than those of a diverse media, but this shift is rarely transparent.

(7) In the digital revolution, news publishers are jostling to attract clicks, retain consumer eyeballs, boost advertising revenues and accentuate the visibility of their content in search engines through algorithmic tweaking (search engine optimisation). The strategic thinking of publishers is therefore strongly influenced by the clickstream of web consumption what consumers are looking at and in what quantities. The ascent of click- stream metrics is transformative, resulting in an increasingly crowd -powered news agenda. The independent push of the traditional mass media approach is being splintered by the customised pull of web users, reinforcing the pressure on old media to maximise ratings and readership. By following the ephemeral trails of the global clickstream, publishers are in danger of morphing into digital windsocks. The professional integrity of journalism could well suffer. (8) The severity, universality and projected timescale of these trends are debatable, but the ferocity of the current recession is unlikely to provide any respite to news publishers. Therefore, the report concludes that there is a clear danger of a sharp reduction in spending on original newsgathering, including investigative reporting, as well as a further increase in the processing of pre packaged PR material, a weakening of editorial standards, and a news agenda shaped more and more by the nois e of the crowd, perhaps especially for younger citizens. (9) The report suggests some avenues for redressing the balance and sustaining the economic viability of high -quality news reporting into the twenty-first century. These suggestions address both the commercial and civic side of the equation. On the former, we propose the introduction of targeted tax breaks for public interest news publishing, as well as widening the scope for charitable funding of news-related activities. On the latter, we suggest that there are grounds for radically enhancing the transparency of news publishingpotentially leading to a voluntary form of digital kitemarknot least to improve public trust and appreciation of the civic value of professional journalism. (10) Any initiatives that are designed to improve the civic profile of journalism should, where possible, favour modes of self -regulation over government interference. It would be dangerous and unpopular to prescribe remedies that are laced with government conditions. At the same time, however, we believe that the government does have a role to playboth in safeguarding the scale of news publishing and in nurturing an informed and participatory digital citizenry, for example through improved access

to public data or through the teaching of new forms of digital media literac ( ) How the economic viability of news publishing is secured, whilst also enshrining the basic freedom of the Fourth Estate, is clearly a topic for further debate and research. The underlying goal of this report is to draw attention to a structural danger (accentuated by the current recession) for which there may be some practical solutions, and to stimulate debate around the form and implementation of those solutions. It is our hope that the findings in this report will serve as a foundation for follow-on seminars, workshops and other comparative studies.

oogle News Abou Google News is a computer-generated news site that aggregates headlines from more than 4,500 English-language news sources worldwide, groups similar stories together and displays them according to each reader's personalised interests. Traditionally, news readers first pick a publication and then look for headlines that interest them. We do things a little differently, with the goal of offering our readers more personalised options and a wider variety of perspectives from which to choose. On Google News we offer links to several articles on every story, so you can first decide what subject interests you and then select which publishers accounts of each story youd like to read. Click on the headline that interests you and you'll go directly to the site which published that story. Our articles are selected and ranked by computers that evaluate, among other things, how often and on what sites a story appears online. As a result, stories are sorted without regard to political viewpoint or ideology and you can choose from a wide variety of perspectives on any given story. We'll continue to improve Google News by adding sources, fine-tuning our technology and providing Google News to readers in even more regions. Featu es Personalised news: No one can read all the news thats published every day, so why not set up your page to show you the stories that best represent your interests? Alerts: You can sign up to receive weekly, daily or as -it-happens email alerts on any topic that interests you. News for your mobile phone: If you have a mobile data plan, you can access a special version of Google News right from your mobile phone.

Feeds: You can receive updates of various sections of Google News or Google News search results by subscribing to RSS or Atom feeds in your favorite feed reader. News archive search: Search and explore information from historical archives dating back over 200 years.

Much more content is needed to satisfy the 24 hour, instant updating of news.