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Waterproofing of Cracks
Closing, sealing and flexible bridging of leaking cracks in new and existing structures.
2|3
Polyacrylic Resins/Gels
Reasons
Better crack penetration due to low viscosity Reduction of high injection pressure due to low viscosity
1. Viscosity of different Injection Materials at 10 C and 20 C Sika Injection-105 Sika Injection-101 Sikadur-52 Injection N Sika Injection-451 Sika InjectoCem-190 Sika Injection-201 Sika Injection-29
10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 20 10 20 10 20 10
Expansion
Better sealing result due to the selfinjecting effect of expansion Complete filling of fissures and voids Low actual material consumption due to increased volume after expansion Short reaction times prevent washing out of the resin Short waiting times during the works Reaction only takes place when needed Long potlife means as pumpable as single component system
Fast expansion High foaming factor Stable expansion with no shrinkage later during curing of the system Temporary sealing due to high foaming factor Variable reaction times (see table 2) No reaction takes place unless the resin is in direct contact with water or moisture Variable potlife for different requirements (see table 3)
Reaction Time
Short and variable Reaction Times Sika Injection-101/-105 Sika Injection-AC10/-AC20 Sika Injection-304/-305 Long Potlife Sika Injection-101/-105/-201 Sika Injection-29 Sikadur-52 Injection and Sika Injection-451 Sika InjectoCem-190 Flexible Sika Injection-105/-201 Sika Injection-29 High Flexibility Sika Injection-304/-305 High Adhesion Sikadur-52 Injection Sika Injection-451 Sika Injection-201 High Durability Sika Injection-201 Sikadur-52 Injection and Sika Injection-451 Sika Injection-29/-304/-305 Sika InjectoCem-190 High chemical Resistance Sika Injection-201 Sikadur-52 Injection and Sika Injection-451 Sika Injection-29/-304/-305 Sika InjectoCem-190 Environmentally friendly Sika Injection-101/-105/-201 Sikadur-52 Injection and Sika Injection-451 Sika Injection-29/-304 Sika InjectoCem-190
Potlife
300
600
900
1200
Flexibility
40
Water contact
15
Adhesion/Bond
10
Sika Injection-201
Sika InjectoCem-190, Sikadur -52, Sika Injection-304/-305/-451/-29 1)
Polyurethane resins
1 0 10
Time [min]
1)
100
1000
Durability/Permanent Sealing
Sika Injection-105 Sika Injection-101 Sikadur-52 Injection N Sika Injection-451 Sika InjectoCem-190 Sika Injection-201 Sika Injection-29 Sika Injection-305 Sika Injection-304 Time [min] 0
0.5 1.5 7
Resistance
Environmental Hazard/Toxicity
Solvent-free systems Environmentally friendly raw materials Systems tested for ground water contact
135
2) 10 25
12
10
100
1000
2)
with accelerator
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Waterproofing of Cracks
Closing, sealing and flexible bridging of leaking cracks in new and existing structures Sika Injection-101 Fast foaming, low viscous and solvent-free water-reactive polyurethane injection foam resin for temporary waterstopping. The material cures to a very dense hard-elastic foam with a very fine cellular structure. The reaction time of SikaInjection-101 can be accelerated with Sika Injection-AC10.
Sika Injection-2011) Low viscous, flexible and solvent-free polyurethane injection resin for permanent waterproof sealing of cracks and construction joints. It forms, in contact with water, a uniform, closed and therefore watertight pore structure. The reaction time of Sika Injection-201 can be accelerated with Sika Injection-AC20.
1) 2)
other formulation available (Sika Injection-203) that is tested and approved according to ZTV-ING (RISS) and registered with the BASt-List other formulation available for underwater injection (Sikadur-53)
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Sika Injection-201/-203 *
Sikadur-52 Injection
Sika Injection-451
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Structural strengthening = S Durable elastic sealing = E Temporary sealing = T The rheological properties of the injection system and damaged concrete structures determine the most suitable application system. Can accommodate movement after curing Non-elastic injection systems can cause subsequent cracking elsewhere. Durable waterproof sealing Long-term effectiveness and reliable protection against ground water pressure. Improvement in matrix quality The injection system strength is appropriate for repairs to weaker concrete and mortar. Penetrates into fine cracks (e.g. >0.2 mm) The low viscosity of the injection material determines the crack penetration and reduces the injection pressure. Not durable Suitable for temporary waterproofing against water under pressure. Reacts only in contact with water The reaction only takes place when needed. For watertight compartment injection Repair by injection of waterproofing membranes (single and double layer systems). Pumpable as a single component system Injection systems with long potlifes (>20 min) can be pumped with a single-component pump. Only suitable for low pressure injection (<10 bar) Low injection pressure prevents separation of microfine cement suspensions. Drinking water approval Allows injection in ecologically sensitive environments. Can be accelerated Acceleration of the reaction time reduces waiting times during works (especially at cold temperatures) and prevents washing out of the resin.
T X
E X X X
E X
E X X
E X X
X X X
X X X
X X X
X X X
X X X X X X X
X X X
X X X
X X
X X
Due to the low viscosity of Sika Injection-201 it can penetrate into cracks >0.2 mm in width.
Sika Injection-304 reacts to form a waterproof, flexible but solid polyacrylic gel.
Sika InjectoCem-190 S X X X
Sika Injection-101 *
Sika Injection-105
Sika Injection-304
Sika Injection-305
Sika Injection-29
Selection Criteria for Injection Systems to be used in the Repair and Waterproofing of Concrete Structures:
Polyurethane Foams
Polyurethane Resins
Epoxy Resins
Polyacrylate Resins/Gels
Microfine Binders
8|9
5. Continue the injection procedure as for crack injection with mechanical packers (points 4, 5 and 6).
1. Drill packer holes at a 45 angle to the concrete surface as shown in the figure. of drill hole = of packer + 2 mm.
2. Install the mechanical packers. Tighten the mechanical packers so that they can withstand the maximum injection pressure.
3. Fix the non-return valve on the first packer and start the injection process.
4. When the injection material flows out of the second packer during the injection process, fix the non-return valve on it as quick as possible. Stop injection at the first packer and continue at the second packer.
1. Prepare the substrate by blast cleaning or mechanically by grinding etc., then clean by brush and vacuum.
2. Place a steel nail through the packer into the crack to prevent the injection canal from being blocked by the Sika Injection-490 adhesive and then install the surface packers as shown in the figure.
3. Patch the surface of the crack with Sika Injection-490. Ensure that the packer and the crack on the surface are fully covered by the adhesive filler.
4. As soon as the adhesive has cured, remove the nail and fix the button head fittings (non-return) on the first packer and start the injection process.
Curtain Injection
5. Continue the injection procedure as for crack injection (points 5 and 6).
1. Drill holes for the mechanical packers through the leaking building component at a distance of 30 50 cm apart as shown in the figure.
2. Install the mechanical packers. Tighten the mechanical packers so that they can withstand the maximum injection pressures.
3. Fix the button head (non-return) fittings on the first packer and start the injection process at the lowest row of drill holes.
4. When the injection material flows out of the second packer during the injection process, fix the non-return valve on it as quickly as possible. Stop injection at the first packer and continue at the second packer.
Make sure that there is no drainage pipe in or behind the surface Always start injection with low pressure
The surfaces of voids and cracks need to be clean Always work by injecting from the bottom to the top
6. If necessary, a secondary injection procedure is carried out to ensure the crack is completely filled and sealed.
10 | 11
Injection Equipment for Sika Injection Resins and Microfine Cement Suspension
Single-component Pumps for Polyurethane, Polyacrylate and Epoxy Resins
Sika single-component injection pumps are universal injection devices suitable for a wide range of applications. They are designed for professional use in crack and Sika Injectoflex-System injection. Sika Injection Pump EL-1, EL-2, Hand-1 and Hand-2 are suitable for Sika polyurethane, epoxy and polyacrylate resins.
Surface Packers
for low pressure injection, where drilling is not possible
Type MPS
Type SP
Type EL-1
Type PN-2C
Type MFC-1
Type MPR
Type C-1
Type MPC
Polyurethane Foams
Polyurethane Resins
Epoxy Resins
Microfine Binders
Sika Injection Packer Mechanical Application Concrete Quality Drilling not possible (steel reinforcement) Good and poor quality (drilling possible!) 1 10 bar X X3 X X3 X4 Good and poor quality (drilling possible!) 10 200 bar X X3
2)
Sika Injection-101/-105
Sika Injection-201/-203
Sika InjectoCem-190
Sika Injection-29
Injection Pressure
MPS
X X
X X
X X
X X X X X Injectoflex Injection Curtain Injection Crack and Void Injection Injectoflex Injection
1)
X X3
4)
Water
3)
Just 13 mm diameter
12 | 13
Case Studies
14 | 15
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