Bird 7-9120 Multicoupler

YOU'RE HEARD, LOUD AND CLEAR.
Installation and Operation Manual for T-Pass Transmit Multicouplers 73-67-11 Series, 73-67-18 Series, 73-67-25/25 (High Power) Series
Manual Part Number 7-9120
8625 Industrial Parkway, Angola, NY 14006
Tel: 716-549-4700
Fax: 716-549-4772
sales@birdrf.com
www.bird-technologies.com
Warranty
This warranty applies for five years from shipping date.
TX RX Systems Inc. warrants its products to be free from defect in material and workmanship at the time of shipment. Our obligation under warranty is limited to replacement or repair, at our option, of any such products that shall have been defective at the time of manufacture. TX RX Systems Inc. reserves the right to replace with merchandise of equal performance although not identical in every way to that originally sold. TX RX Systems Inc. is not liable for damage caused by lightning or other natural disasters. No product will be accepted for repair or replacement without our prior written approval. The purchaser must prepay all shipping charges on returned products. TX RX Systems Inc. shall in no event be liable for consequential damages, installation costs or expense of any nature resulting from the purchase or use of products, whether or not they are used in accordance with instructions. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, either expressed or implied, including any implied warranty or merchantability of fitness. No representative is authorized to assume for TX RX Systems Inc. any other liability or warranty than set forth above in connection with our products or services.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE

PRICES AND TERMS:
Prices are FOB sellers plant in Angola, NY domestic packaging only, and are subject to change without notice. Federal, State and local sales or excise taxes are not included in prices. When Net 30 terms are applicable, payment is due within 30 days of invoice date. All orders are subject to a $100.00 net minimum.
QUOTATIONS:
Only written quotations are valid.
ACCEPTANCE OF ORDERS:
Acceptance of orders is valid only when so acknowledged in writing by the seller.
SHIPPING:
Unless otherwise agreed at the time the order is placed, seller reserves the right to make partial shipments for which payment shall be made in accordance with sellers stated terms. Shipments are made with transportation charges collect unless otherwise specified by the buyer. Sellers best judgement will be used in routing, except that buyers routing is used where practicable. The seller is not responsible for selection of most economical or timeliest routing.
CLAIMS:
All claims for damage or loss in transit must be made promptly by the buyer against the carrier. All claims for shortages must be made within 30 days after date of shipment of material from the sellers plant.
SPECIFICATION CHANGES OR MODIFICATIONS:

All designs and specifications of sellers products are subject to change without notice provided the changes or modifications do not affect performance.
RETURN MATERIAL:
Product or material may be returned for credit only after written authorization from the seller, as to which seller shall have sole discretion. In the event of such authorization, credit given shall not exceed 80 percent of the original purchase. In no case will Seller authorize return of material more than 90 days after shipment from Sellers plant. Credit for returned material is issued by the Seller only to the original purchaser.
ORDER CANCELLATION OR ALTERATION:

Cancellation or alteration of acknowledged orders by the buyer will be accepted only on terms that protect the seller against loss.
NON WARRANTY REPAIRS AND RETURN WORK:

Consult sellers plant for pricing. Buyer must prepay all transportation charges to sellers plant. Standard shipping policy set forth above shall apply with respect to return shipment from TX RX Systems Inc. to buyer.
DISCLAIMER
Product part numbering in photographs and drawings is accurate at time of printing. Part number labels on TX RX products supersede part numbers given within this manual. Information is subject to change without notice.
Bird Technologies Group
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual Part Number 7-9120 Copyright 2006 TX RX Systems, Inc. First Printing: April 1994 Version Number 1 2 3 4 Version Date 04/01/94 08/02/94 03/27/96 11/30/06
Symbols Commonly Used
WARNING
ESD Elecrostatic Discharge
CAUTION or ATTENTION
Hot Surface
High Voltage
Electrical Shock Hazard
Use Safety Glasses
NOTE
Important Information
TX RX Systems Inc.
Table of Contents
Section 1
General Description ........................................................................................... 1 Unpacking ............................................................................................................ 6 Installation Overview........................................................................................... 6 RF Cables and Connectors ................................................................................. 6 Intermodulation Considerations ........................................................................... 6 General Installation Procedure ............................................................................ 7 Transmitter Combiner Checkout........................................................................ 7 Required Equipment............................................................................................ 7 Procedure .......................................................................................................... 7 Measurement Accuracy..................................................................................... 7 General Tuning Information ............................................................................... 8 Tuning Specifics .................................................................................................. 9 Fine Cavity Tuning............................................................................................. 9 Procedure ........................................................................................................ 9 Cavity Tuning Tip........................................................................................... 10 Coarse Cavity Tuning ...................................................................................... 10 Procedure ...................................................................................................... 11 Retuning System to all new Frequencies .......................................................... 12 Combiner Expansion ......................................................................................... 12 Typical Expansion Channel Installation ............................................................. 12 Peg Rack Procedure ....................................................................................... 12 Relay Rack Procedure..................................................................................... 13 Setting Cavity Insertion Loss ............................................................................. 15 Cavity Loss Setting Procedure 1 ....................................................................... 15 Required Test Equipment................................................................................ 15 Procedure for T-Pass Loop ............................................................................. 16 Procedure for BandPass Loop ........................................................................ 18 Cavity Loss Setting Procedure 2 ....................................................................... 19 Required Test Equipment................................................................................ 19 Procedure for T-Pass Loop ............................................................................. 20 Procedure for BandPass Loop ........................................................................ 21 Isolators.............................................................................................................. 22 Single Section Isolators ..................................................................................... 23 Tuning.............................................................................................................. 23 Required Equipment...................................................................................... 23 Tuning Procedure .......................................................................................... 24 Dual Section Isolators........................................................................................ 25 Tuning.............................................................................................................. 25 Required Equipment...................................................................................... 26 Tuning Procedure .......................................................................................... 27 Maintenance....................................................................................................... 29
Figures and Tables

Figure 1: Block diagram of typical system ............................................................ 1 Figure 2: Noise suppression graph for 6.625 cavities .......................................... 2 Figure 3: Noise suppression graph for 8 cavities ................................................. 3
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Figure 4: Noise suppression graph for 10 cavities ............................................... 4 Figure 5: Typical Peg rack model .......................................................................... 5 Figure 6: Typical 19 Relay rack model ................................................................. 5 Figure 7: Typical combiner installation .................................................................. 6 Figure 8: Measuring T-Pass channel performance ............................................... 8 Figure 9: T-Pass cavity fine tuning ........................................................................ 9 Figure 10: T-Pass cavity tuning controls ............................................................. 10 Figure 11: Coarse tuning a T-Pass cavity ........................................................... 11 Figure 12: Peg rack mounting details .................................................................. 13 Figure 13: Relay rack mounting details ............................................................... 14 Figure 14: Top view of T-Pass cavity .................................................................. 15 Figure 15: Setting loop adjustment reference...................................................... 17 Figure 16: Setting T-Pass loop using step attenuators........................................ 18 Figure 17: Setting BandPass loop using step attenuators................................... 19 Figure 18: Setting T-Pass loop insertion loss ...................................................... 20 Figure 19: Setting Bandpass loop insertion loss ................................................. 22 Figure 20: Single section isolator ........................................................................ 23 Figure 21: Mounting layout for single section isolator ......................................... 23 Figure 22: Connection of return loss bridge ........................................................ 24 Figure 23: Tuning single section isolator step 2 ................................................. 24 Figure 24: Tuning single section isolator step 3 .................................................. 25 Figure 25: Tuning single section isolator step 7 .................................................. 25 Figure 26: Dual section isolator ........................................................................... 26 Figure 27: Mounting layout for dual section isolator ............................................ 26 Figure 28: Tuning for maximum return loss ......................................................... 27 Figure 29: Tuning for maximum return loss ......................................................... 27 Figure 30: Tuning for passband symmetry .......................................................... 28 Figure 31: Tuning for reverse isolation ................................................................ 28 Figure 32: Tuning for reverse isolation ................................................................ 29
Table 1: General specifications 6.625 cavity systems.......................................... 2 Table 2: General specifications 8 cavity systems................................................. 3 Table 3: General specifications for 10 cavity systems ......................................... 4 Table 4: Cavity insertion loss reference loop settings ......................................... 16 Single section isolator specifications ................................................................... 30 Dual section isolator specifications...................................................................... 30 Power Ratio and Voltage Ratio to Decibel Conversion Chart ............................. 31 Power In/Out versus Insertion Loss..................................................................... 32 Power Fwd/Rev versus VSWR ............................................................................ 33
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GENERAL DESCRIPTION The model 73-67-11/18/25-XX-NN Series T-Pass Transmit Combiners are designed to connect multiple transmitters to a common antenna. They use three-port bandpass filters (called T-Pass cavities) and dual ferrite isolators to provide low channel insertion loss, high isolation between transmitters, high antenna-to-transmitter isolation, high intermodulation suppression, and excellent transmitter noise suppression. T-Pass transmit combiners are broadband and easily adaptable to the most difficult duplex system design requirements. The block diagram of a typical transmit combiner is shown in Figure 1. The T-Pass filter passes one narrow band of frequencies and attenuates all others with increasing attenuation above and below the pass frequency. The T-Pass filter has a dualport output loop plate which allows the filter to be easily connected to other T-Pass filters. Connections between the filters are made with a thru-line cable that behaves like a low loss 50 Ohm transmission line. The thru-line cables are individually optimized to their own channel frequency. No compromises are necessary to accommodate other channel frequencies. Each channel can therefore be anywhere in a very broad frequency range. An isolator is added at the input to each T-pass channel to increase channel isolation. The ferrite isolators isolate the transmitter from unwanted signals that enter the system via the antenna. The transmitter sees an excellent impedance match on its output, because the isolator absorbs reflected power that would otherwise enter the transmitters output stage. This improves the stability, spectral purity and long-term reliability of the transmitter. The model 73-67-11/18/25-XX-NN Series T-Pass transmit combiners are available with either 6.625, 8, or 10 cavities. TX combiners constructed with 6.625 cavities are ideal for operation at channel separations of 115 KHz or more, with 110 to 150 Watt transmitters. These models are suitable for 19 Relay rack mounting or TX RX Peg rack mounting. TX combiners constructed with high performance 10 diameter cavities, which have higher selectivity and power handling capabilities, allow operation at 75 KHz minimum separation with 125 to 150 Watt transmitters. In addition, High power 10 diameter models are also available which contain 250 Watt dual isolators with 100 or 250 Watt loads. Due to their larger physical size 10 diameter cavities are mounted in TX RX Peg racks only. TX
combiner models constructed using 8 diameter cavities offer a compromise by having good selectivity, good power handling, as well as being suitable for Peg rack or 19 Relay rack mounting. These models will operate at 75 KHz minimum TX channel spacings.
Transmitter Combiner (T-Pass)
TX5
T-Pass Thru-line Cable TX4
TX3
TX2
TX1
Figure 1: Block diagram of a typical TX T-Pass combiner. 5 channel system shown as example.
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Frequency Range Cavity Type and Diameter Maximum Isolator Input Power (continuous) Isolator Load Power (continuous) * Minimum TX - TX Separation @ Cavity Loss Typical TX-TX Isolation @ Minimum Separation Typical Antenna - TX Isolation Nominal Input Impedance Maximum Input Return Loss (VSWR) Temperature Range Connectors, Input and Antenna Mechanical Mounting Mounting Options **
406-512 MHz 3/4 - wave, 6.625 (168mm) 150 W 5W/25W or 5W/100W 215 KHz @ -1.5 dB; 115 KHz @ -2.5 dB 80 dB 70 dB 50 Ohms 20 dB (1.22:1) -30 to 60 C N (F) Peg Rack or 19 Rack Mount -MC: 19 rack mount adapter plates, 17.5 high -LR: system supplied without Peg Rack
Maximum Channels Per Rack Dimensions *** Weight, lb/Kg Basic Single Channel System Weight, lb/Kg Expansion Channel Assembly
15 62.25H x 24W x 36D (1659 x 610 x 914 mm) 36/16.3 (25W load) or 37/16.7 (100W load) 15/6.8 (25W load) or 16/7.2 (100W load)
* Models available with 5W/60W loads. Same specifications as 25W and 100W models, except load power. ** -MC option reduces maximum number of channels to twelve 6.625 inch channels per rack. ** -LR systems are tuned and tested on customer frequencies, then disassembled for shipping. *** Rack depth with cavity tuning rods at maximum frequency. Rod travel is approximately 5.1 (130 mm).
Table 1: General specifications for 6.625 cavity systems.
73-67-11-Series Systems 6.625" Diameter 3/4-Wave, Fo = 460 MHz 0 -5 -10 -15
Attenuation (dB)
-20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 0.01 IL = 1.0 dB IL = 1.5 dB IL = 2.0 dB IL = 2.5 dB IL = 3.0 dB
0.1 Offset from Fo (MHz)
10
Figure 2: Typical transmitter noise suppression using 6.625 cavities.
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Frequency Range Cavity Type and Diameter Maximum Isolator Input Power (continuous) Isolator Load Power (continuous) * Minimum TX - TX Separation @ Cavity Loss Typical TX-TX Isolation @ Minimum Separation Typical Antenna - TX Isolation Nominal Input Impedance Maximum Input Return Loss (VSWR) Temperature Range Connectors, Input and Antenna Mechanical Mounting Cavity Length (without tuning rod) Cavity Length (with tuning rod at max/min extension) Weight, lb/Kg Basic Single Channel System
406-512 MHz 3/4 - wave, 8 (204mm) 150 W 5W/100W 150 KHz @ -1.5 dB; 75 KHz @ -2.5 dB 80 dB 70 dB 50 Ohms 20 dB (1.22:1) -30 to 60 C N (F) 19 Rack Mount 26.8 34.5/31 16.6 lbs (including isolator)
Table 2: General specifications for 8 cavity systems.
73-67-18-Series Systems 8" Diameter 3/4-Wave, Fo = 460 MHz 0 -5 -10 -15
Attenuation (dB)
10
Figure 3: Typical transmitter noise suppression using 8 cavities.
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Frequency Range Cavity Type and Diameter Maximum Isolator Input Power (continuous) Isolator Load Power (continuous) * Minimum TX - TX Separation @ Cavity Loss Typical TX-TX Isolation @ Minimum Separation Typical Antenna - TX Isolation Nominal Input Impedance Maximum Input Return Loss (VSWR) Temperature Range Connectors, Input and Antenna Mechanical Mounting Mounting Options ** Maximum Channels Per Rack Dimensions *** Weight, lb/Kg Basic Single Channel System Weight, lb/Kg Expansion Channel Assembly
406-512 MHz 3/4 - wave, 10 (254mm) 150 W 5W/25W or 5W/100W 150 KHz @ -1.5 dB; 75 KHz @ -2.5 dB 80 dB 70 dB 50 Ohms 20 dB (1.22:1) -30 to 60 C N (F) Peg Rack -LR: system supplied without Peg Rack 12 79.5H x 24W x 36D (2019 x 610 x 914 mm) 41/18.6 (25W load) or 42/19.0 (100W load) 19/8.6 (25W load) or 20/9.1 (100W load)
* Models available with 5W/60W loads. Same specifications as 25W and 100W models, except load power. ** -LR systems are tuned and tested on customer frequencies, then disassembled for shipping. *** Rack depth with cavity tuning rods at maximum frequency. Rod travel is approximately 5.1 (130 mm).
Table 3: General specifications for 10 cavity systems.
73-67-25-Series Systems 10" Diameter 3/4-Wave, Fo = 460 MHz 0 -5 -10 -15
Attenuation (dB)
10
Figure 4: Typical transmitter noise suppression using 10 cavities.
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The TX combiners can be expanded one channel at a time with factory-tuned, easy-to-install expansion channel assemblies. Expansion is usually accomplished without modifications to the existing system, and usually amounts to nothing more than placing a new channel assembly, or several, on top of the existing system. New channel frequencies can be above, below, or between existing channel frequencies. The number of channels in the combiner is indicated by the last two digits of the model number in place of the NN designation. All of the information
for both installation and expansion is included in this manual. The combiner is easy to install and has been factory tuned in most cases so that no adjustments are necessary. The specifications for the 73-67-11/18/25-XX-NN family of T-Pass combiners are listed in Tables 1 through 3 for the 6.625, 8, and 10 cavities respectively. The curves in Figures 2 through 4 show the typical transmit noise suppression for the 6.625, 8, and 10 cavity systems respectively. Noise suppression depends on the cavitys loss setting. Figure 5 shows a typical Peg rack model and Figure 6 shows a typical 19 rack mount model.
Figure 5: Typical Peg-rack model.
Figure 6: Typical 19 Relay-rack model.
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UNPACKING It is important to visually inspect the system components for any shipping damages as soon as possible after taking delivery. It is the customers responsibility to file any necessary damage claims with the carrier. The transmit combiner is a very rugged device and is well packed for damage-free shipping to any place in the world. However, a high impact during shipping can have a detrimental affect. A damaged shipping container is a sure sign of rough handling. The most easily damaged parts of the combiner are the tuning rods. These rods are marked where they exit from the locking nut with a dab of red varnish or other color/type of paint. If this seal appears to be broken it may indicate that the system has been detuned in transit. INSTALLATION OVERVIEW The combiner should be located in a dry and level area, indoors. It is best if all transmitters are as equal in distance as possible from the combiner so that cable losses are the same for all channels. Figure 7 shows a suggested orientation for the equipment. Two points are important. First, a work area space should be left as illustrated so that the tuning controls are easy to access. This will facilitate tuning when channel frequencies are changed. Secondly, space is needed when adding expansion channels. If there is a lack of space to access the side of the combiner, then plan to allow
the rack to be moved into the indicated work area to facilitate adding channels. This will require some slack in the cables that connect to the station transmitters. Each transmitter connects to its respective channel through an N style female connector on the isolator. We recommend using a high quality double shield or semi flexible cable. This system is designed for use with separate transmit and receive antennas. For best operation, the transmit and receive antennas should be separated vertically by 20 feet with little or no horizontal offset between antennas. Lesser separations can be used but with an increased risk of harmful interference between radio systems. In most cases, it will be desirable to mount the receive antenna higher than the transmit antenna to maximize the talk-back range of low power portable radios. RF Cables and Connectors All connections to and from the combiner system should be made with double-shielded or semi-rigid heliax cable. High quality 'N' connectors that use either silver or gold plated contacts should be used. Intermodulation Considerations Following the previously mentioned antenna spacing recommendations will go a long way toward minimizing or eliminating intermodulation (IM) interference. IM is the result of a frequency mixing process that occurs when two or more RF signals
T-Pass Transmitter Combiner
Radio Cabinet
Radio Cabinet
Radio Cabinet
Radio Cabinet
Work Area
Figure 7: Typical combiner installation.
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are present simultaneously in the same circuitry where nonlinearities occur. Product frequencies generated have frequencies that are determined by relatively simple mathematical relationships such as F(im) = 2F1-F2 and are normally determined by doing a computer intermodulation analysis for the antenna site. These products can be generated in a corroded tower joint, metal-roofing, transmitter final amplifier or the receiver front-end. Both cavity filters and ferrite isolators isolate the transmitters connected to the combiner from oneanother thus reducing intermodulation interference. However in all transmitter combiners, intermodulation products are reduced in strength but never completely eliminated. They have to be reduced by an amount to meet the federal Communications Commission, 43 + 10 Log(Power Out) rule for spurious output reduction. Because of the limitations imposed by the tension and friction joints in connectors, IM products will be down 100 to 120 dB below carrier so they are still strong enough to cause problems if they fall on a near-by receiver frequency. To avoid transmitter generated IM problems, do not put two channels on the same combiner that your IM software predicts will cause interference by generating either 3rd or 5th order IM products. Having at least two transmitter combiners allows maximum flexibility in dealing with transmitter generated IM. General Installation Procedure 1) Install the Peg rack or Relay rack in the radio equipment room. 2) Connect the transmitters and the transmitting antenna to the appropriate connectors on the cavities. 3) Verify proper operation of each channel by measuring the power output for each individual channel. TRANSMITTER COMBINER CHECKOUT It is recommended that the performance of the transmitter combiner be checked initially and data recorded for future reference. This is done by measuring the input and output power of each channel and recording the data. Figure 8 shows the equipment hook up.
Required Equipment If a power monitoring system is not installed along with the combiner, two Bird Model 43 thruline wattmeters or equivalent can be used. They should be equipped with elements for the frequency band of interest and rated for the expected transmitter power output. The use of two wattmeters eliminates errors that can occur from changing cable lengths. The measurements should only be done one channel at a time because most wattmeters cannot accurately measure the total power of two or more transmitters simultaneously. A pocket calculator with Log functions makes for easy calculation of power loss in dB using this measured data. PROCEDURE Start with channel 1 and proceed to the next higher channels. The two wattmeters should be connected to the equipment as shown in figure 8. Note that the use of the elbow and/or male-male connectors allows the shortest connections and negligible hook up loss. Longer cable lengths will tend to increase measurement error. It is important that the same wattmeters and wattmeter elements be used in the same position throughout the tests. The serial numbers of the wattmeters should be recorded for future reference. Wattmeter elements may not have serial numbers so they need to be labeled or otherwise keyed to a specific wattmeter to assure repeatability of the measurements. MEASUREMENT ACCURACY The Bird thruline wattmeter has a measurement accuracy of +/- 5% of full scale. When using a 100 watt element in this meter, the measurement error can be as great as + or - 5 watts. As an example of the actual dB loss readings that might be produced using the wattmeter method, consider a T-Pass channel that has a factory measured loss of 3.0 dB. We would expect that a 100 watt transmitter would produce 50 watts out of this channel but the actual wattmeter reading for the input power could measure as low as 95 watts to as high as 105 watts. The measured output power could run from 45 to 55 watts. It is possible that the output reading may be 5 watts low while the input reading is 5 watts high or just the opposite. These two extremes would yield the following dB loss values:
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Wattmeter 2 T-Pass Cavity Filter

0
5
10 20
10
15
20
20 40
WATTS
30 60 40 5 80 10 0 0
THRULINE BIRD ELECTRONIC CORP.
Single or Dual Section Isolators Transmitter
CA LIB R IND ATIO N E 10 X

15 20
ION RAT LIB X CA INDE 15 10 5
50 Ohm Load
20
Wattmeter 1
5
10 20
10
Channel 3
15
20
20 40
WATTS
30 60 40 5 80 10 0 0
Single or Dual Section Isolators
CA
0 5
LIB R IND ATIO N E 10 X 15

20
20
Transmitter
UG27 Elbow Connector & UG57 Male-Male Adaptor
Channel 2 UG57 Male-Male Single or Dual Section Isolators Transmitter

CA LIB R IND ATIO N E 10 X
15 20
20
This T-Pass Loop requires a 3-1268 short circuit connector Channel 1
Figure 8: Equipment hookup for measuring T-Pass channel performance.
For a Power Out (PO) of 45 watts and a Power Input (PI) of 105 watts: Loss (dB) = 10 Log10 (45/105) Loss (dB) = -3.7 For a PO of 55 watts and PI of 95 watts: Loss (dB) = 10 Log10 (55/95) Loss (dB) = -2.4 So the calculated loss for this channel can run from -2.4 to -3.7dB and be acceptable considering the measurement error factor. The actual error could be much greater if a 250 watt element was used; the measured values could vary by as much as +/- 12.5 watts so using a wattmeter element with the smallest possible rating is important for accuracy. Use of between series adapters or UHF type
connectors for making connections to the wattmeters, device under test or loads could make this error even worse due to the additional impedance mismatch that these connectors can cause. GENERAL TUNING INFORMATION T-Pass transmitter combiners are pre-tuned at the factory and usually require no adjustment. T-Pass expansion channels are also pretuned but may require fine tuning after being installed in an existing system. Channels that are close in frequency (adjacent channels in the multicoupler) to the expansion channel may also benefit from fine tuning due to the slight interaction that occurs with the new channel. The procedures that follow may be used at any time to verify that any or all channels are properly tuned or to correct any misalignments.
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It is interesting to note that T-Pass filters, bandpass filters and cavity filters in general can act as impedance transformers as well as filters. It is for this reason that many field service personnel claim that they can always tune a filter or duplexer better than the factory. What isn't generally realized is that their tuning efforts are usually producing better impedance matching between transmitter and antenna which can be improved by the transforming action of filters. Since the filters are usually tuned using laboratory grade 50 ohm loads, the tuning adjustment that produces this improved match will be slightly different than the factory adjustment. While this tuning may produce slightly greater power output readings, it will rarely produce any discernible change in system performance and may detune any notching circuitry contained in the cavities. It is our recommendation that channel tuning only be attempted under the previously mentioned conditions or when it is suspected that the combiner has been tampered with or subjected to extreme shock in shipping or installation. This condition is
indicated when the channel loss is in excess of that expected from actual measurement of power input and output. Tuning Specifics Tuning of the combiner consists of tuning the individual T-Pass channels. T-Pass channel tuning involves both isolator and cavity filter tuning. The procedures for tuning cavities follows. FINE CAVITY TUNING Figure 9 shows hookups which are suitable for fine tuning any channel under power while installed in the combiner. The term fine tuning here refers to cavities that have already been tuned to frequency and may only require adjustment of the fine tuning control (+/- 50 KHz). The transmitter is used as a signal source and the cavity is adjusted for minimum reflected power. Procedure With the transmitter keyed, the cavity fine tuning control is adjusted (pushed in or out) to obtain a minimum meter reading. See Figure 10 for a detail
To Other Channels
Fine Tuning Two Single Section Isolators or Dual Isolator Input Output Transmitter
0
T-Pass Cavity Filter
CA LIB R IND ATIO N E 10 X 15 20
N TIO RA LIB X CA INDE 15 10 5
20
50 Ohm Termination
Coarse Tuning
Wattmeter
Output Section Termination
Figure 9: Using a wattmeter for T-Pass cavity fine tuning.
10 20
WATTS
10 15 20 20 30 40 60 40 80 50 10 0
To Other Channels
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of the cavity tuning controls. If a minimum meter reading is obtained with the fine tuning rod fully in or completely out, do the following: 1) Set the fine tuning rod so that about 1/2 its length is inserted into the cavity. 2) Loosen the coarse tuning rod locking screw (5/ 32/4mm Allen/Hex-key wrench required) and move the rod in or out slightly to obtain minimum meter reading. Small movements of the coarse tuning rod are facilitated by tapping the rod with the handle end of a screw driver while gently pushing or pulling the main tuning rod. Tighten the coarse tuning locking screw. 3) Adjust the fine tuning control for a minimum meter reading. 4) Tighten the fine tuning locking mechanism. CAVITY TUNING TIP When tuning a cavity that has been in service for some time it is not unusual to find the main tuning rod hard to move in or out. This occurs because TX RX uses techniques borrowed from microwave
technology to provide large area contact surfaces on our tuning plungers. These silver plated surfaces actually form a pressure weld that maintains excellent conductivity. This pressure weld develops over time and must be broken to move the main tuning rod. This is easily accomplished by gently tapping the tuning rod with a plastic screwdriver handle or small hammer so that it moves into the cavity. The weld will be broken with no damage to the cavity. When adjusting the coarse tuning rod, it is easy to put the cavity far off resonance and cause most of the transmitter power to be reflected back into the isolator output section load. This load should be capable of dissipating this power or damage could result. If in doubt about the loads capability, follow the coarse tuning procedure outlined below. It is based on the use of a tracking generator which avoids the need to consider power levels. COARSE CAVITY TUNING Wh en a T-Pass c avi ty fr equ enc y has t o b e changed by over 100 KHz, adjustment of the main tuning rod is required. Large frequency changes are more easily observed when using a tracking
Raises Freq. Lowers Freq.
Main Tuning Rod
Fine Tuning Rod 5/32" Allen Head Locking Screw, Main Tuning
Raises Freq. Lowers Freq. Locking Thumb Nut, Fine Tuning
Figure 10: T-Pass cavity tuning control details.
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generator and a return loss bridge to give a swept display of the return loss curve. The return loss curve is a very precise indicator of T-Pass cavity tuning. The test equipment hookup for doing this is illustrated in Figure 11 and uses the following equipment or its equivalent; 1) IFR A-7550 Spectrum Analyzer / Tracking generator combination.
2) Eagle Return Loss Bridge (35 dB directivity). Model RLB150N3A. 3) Double shielded coaxial cable test leads (RG142 B\U or RG223/U). 4) 50 Ohm load with at least -35 dB return loss (1.10:1 VSWR). 5) 3-1268 short circuit connector.
Tracking Generator
+40 +30 +20 +10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 Analyzer Input Generate Output
PROCEDURE 1) Set the tracking generator for the desired channel frequency (display center) and vertical scale of 10 dB/div. 2) Connect the return loss bridge to the tracking generator as shown in figure 11 but do not connect it to the cavity. Leave the test port (called the load port) on the bridge open. 3) Set up the 0 dB return loss reference.
Note: for the IFR 7550 do the following procedure: a) Make sure that the unit is in "LIVE" mode. b) From the Mode Menu, "STORE" the above trace. c) Switch to the Display Menu and select "REF". The trace should appear at the 0 dB level.
4) Loosen the fine tuning rod locking nut and set the fine tuning rod so that 1/2 its length is inserted into the cavity. 5) Loosen the main tuning rod locking screw and move the main tuning rod in or out to obtain maximum return loss at the desired frequency. Small movements of the main tuning rod are facilitated by tapping the rod with the handle end of a screw driver while gently pushing or pulling the main tuning rod. 6) Lock the Main and Fine tuning rods and reconnect the cavity into the multicoupler system. Use the previously outlined fine tuning procedure to verify proper tuning under power.
RLB - 150 Bridge

REFLECTED SOURCE
LOAD
50 Ohm Load T-Pass Cavity Filter
CA
0 5
LIB R IND ATIO EX N 10 15 20
N TIO RA X LIB CA INDE 15 10 5
20
SC
3-1268 Short Circuit Connector
Figure 11: Coarse tuning a T-Pass cavity.
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Retuning System To All New Frequencies When retuning the combiner to all new frequencies perform the following procedure in a step-by-step fashion; 1) Determine new thruline cable lengths for the new channels and the specific stacking order in the rack. TX RX Systems Sales engineers will assist by making the calculations using their design software. Due to variations in coaxial cable characteristics and assembly techniques, factory supplied cables are recommended. 2) Use the Coarse Tuning procedure to tune each cavity channel to the new transmitter frequencies. 3) Connect the channels according to the new thru-line cable chart. 4) Fine tune each channel using the fine tuning procedure starting with channel 1 and proceeding to the next higher channel. After tuning all channels, repeat this step a second time to verify that their is no more channel interaction. 5) Verify channel losses if desired using the checkout procedure outlined previously. Combiner Expansion Expansion channels for your combiner may be ordered directly from TX RX Systems or its authorized representative. If you wish, a TX RX systems engineer will help you select the right model and any required options. The expansion channel and options are shipped with mounting instructions and a new T-Pass Thruline cable sheet which shows the exact mounting location of the new channel in the existing multicoupler. In most cases, this channel will be added directly to the next topmost position in the rack and the antenna connection will then move to this cavity. A new thruline cable will connect this channel to the existing cavities. The system engineer may also advise that the cavity insertion loss on some of the existing channels needs to be changed in order to accommodate a new channel. This can be necessary when the new channel is much closer in frequency separation to existing channels than that previously encountered. This usually means increasing the cavity loss for all close spaced channels which provides
the increased selectivity required. Cavity insertion loss values are shown on the T-Pass Thruline cable sheet. Typical Expansion Channel installation The following text is a procedure for adding expansion channel components to a typical T-Pass Transmit Combiner system. Please keep in mind that instructions shipped with the expansion components supersede these procedures. Typical Parts Included: (Quantity and Description) (1) T-Pass Cavity Assembly. (1) Dual or single isolator with load(s). (1) Isolator to cavity interconnect cable. (1) Cavity and isolator mounting hardware. (1) T-Pass thru-line cable. (1) T-Pass thruline chart. PEG RACK PROCEDURE 1) Determine the location of the Expansion Channel in the rack by consulting the new THRULINE cable chart. 2) Mount the cavity in the peg rack using two (2) stainless band clamps, refer to Figure 12. 3) Rotate the cavity body so that the connectors are oriented the same as those on the other cavities and that no cavity-end cap screws are preventing a flush fit with a mounting peg. 4) Tighten the cavity mounting clamps. 5) Attach the isolator mounting plate to the cavity using two (2) band clamps. Clamp screws should be positioned as shown in figure 12. Do not tighten the clamps. 6) Rotate the isolator mounting bracket so that the isolator is in the vertical plane as illustrated, forming a smooth line in relation to the other channels in the rack. 7) Due to the limited space, tightening may require the use of a 5/16" open end wrench. Tighten both clamps securely.
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8) Connect the black isolator-to-cavity cable using a pair of cable pliers to tighten-up the connectors. 9) Connect the new channel to the combiner using the proper length T-Pass Thruline cable. Use a pair of cable pliers to tighten these connections. The required length thruline cable and new cabling chart has either been factory supplied or is to be determined and fabricated by the customer as determined at the time of order. Use T-Pass thruline design sheets supplied by the factory.
11) Fine tune the T-Pass cavity of the expansion channel according to the fine tuning procedure outlined earlier. RELAY RACK PROCEDURE 1) Determine the location of the Expansion Channel in the rack by consulting the new THRULINE cable chart. 2) If necessary install an empty cavity deck in the rack using 4 Phillips screws. If there is room on an already existing cavity deck then skip this step of the procedure. 3) Mount the cavity on the deck by laying the cavity onto the two V shaped cavity brackets. 4) Rotate the cavity body so that the connectors are oriented the same as those on the other cavities in the system. Secure the new cavity to
NOTE
10) If necessary, reset the cavity insertion loss of adjacent channels as noted on the Thru-line cable sheet. Follow the procedure outlined below under Setting Cavity Insertion Loss.
Cavity and isolator clamp screws in this approximate position

TIO RA X LIB CA INDE 15 10 5 N
Cavity mounting clamp goes around two pegs

0
20
CA LIB RA INDE TIO X N 10 15
20
CA LIB RA INDE TIO X N 10 15

TIO RA X LIB CA INDE 15 10 5 N
20
0
TIO RA X LIB CA INDE 15 10 5
20
20
CA
LIB RA INDE TIO X N 10 15
20
CA
20
0
SC
20
20
20
Cavity body rests against two pegs
CA
Figure 12: Peg rack mounting details.
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the brackets using the two (2) stainless band clamps, refer to Figure 13. 5) Tighten the cavity mounting band clamps. 6) If necessary install an empty isolator deck in the rack using 4 Phillips screws. If there is room on an already existing isolator deck then skip this step of the procedure. 7) Attach the Isolator mounting plate to the angle bracket using three (3) screws.
8) Install the mount plate / angle bracket to the isolator deck in the next open position and secure in place with two (2) screws. 9) Install the isolator to the mounting plate with 4 screws. Make sure the isolator is oriented the same as the other isolators in the system. 10) Install one end of an extension cable (3-13533) to the sampler port on the output load of the isolator. Attach the other end of the extension cable to a mounting bracket and attach the
Isolator deck attaches to rack with four (4) screws.
CA
0 5
LIBR INDEATION 10 X
15 20
CA
N ATIO LIBR X 15 INDE 10 5
20
Rotate
Rotate
Cavity rests on a pair of V-shaped clamps.
Cavity deck attaches to rack with four (4) screws.

0 5
CA
LIBR INDEATION 10 X 15
20
CA
N ATIO LIBR X 15 INDE 10 5
20
Rotate
CA
0 5
20
CA
N ATIO LIBR X 15 INDE 10
20
5 0
Rotate
Figure 13: Relay rack mounting details.
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
CA
CA
CA
LIBR INDEATION 10 X
15 20 20
20
0 0 0
CA CA CA N ATIO LIBR X 15 INDE 10 5 N ATIO LIBR X 15 INDE 10 5 N ATIO LIBR X 15 INDE 10 5
20
20
20
Rotate
Cavities mount to top and bottom of deck
Rotate
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bracket to the front of the deck near the isolator. This extension cable will allow easy access to the sampler port for future testing. 11) Connect the black isolator-to-cavity cable using a pair of cable pliers to tighten-up the connectors. 12) Connect the new channel to the combiner using the proper length T-Pass Thruline cable. Use a pair of cable pliers to tighten these connections. The required length thruline cable and new cabling chart has either been factory supplied or is to be determined and fabricated by the customer as determined at the time of order. Use T-Pass thruline design sheets supplied by the factory.
Calibration Mark
CA
0 5
LIB R IND ATIO N E 10 X 15

20

0
Calibration Mark
20
Ro
Bandpass Loop
Ro
at
at
T-Pass Loop
Loop Locking Screws (6 places)
NOTE
Figure 14: Top view of T-Pass cavity.
13) If necessary, reset the cavity insertion loss of adjacent channels as noted on the Thru-line cable sheet. Follow the procedure outlined below under Setting Cavity Insertion Loss. 14) Fine tune the T-Pass cavity of the expansion channel according to the fine tuning procedure outlined earlier. Setting Cavity Insertion Loss It is sometimes necessary to reset the insertion loss of a T-Pass cavity filter in order to change its selectivity. Increasing the loss will increase the cavity selectivity which may be necessar y to accommodate more closely spaced channels. Changing the loss is accomplished by rotating the coupling loops to change the coefficient of coupling. Both loops are normally adjusted for a given insertion loss setting. Most T-Pass cavities have a Calibration Index label beside both loops that gives a relative indication of their settings, see Figure 14. In actual practice, these marks are not accurate enough for setting different loss values consistently. Two procedures are offered for setting the cavity loss. Both procedures take advantage of the fact that when a tee connector is placed on a single bandpass or T-Pass loop, a rejection notch can be observed across the tee. The depth of the rejection notch is directly related to the loop's coefficient of coupling.
The first procedure uses precision rotary attenuators, a signal generator and a RF millivolt meter to provide very accurate results. The actual loss setting obtained when this procedure is carefully followed will be within one tenth of a dB of the desired value and the return loss will be 20 dB (1.25:1) or better. The second procedure uses an IFR A-7550 Spectrum Analyzer with a built-in tracking generator and produces slightly less accurate results. When this procedure is carefully followed, the loss settings will be within two tenths of a dB of the desired value and the return loss will usually be -15 dB (1.5:1 VSWR) or better. The advantage of this procedure is that it is much faster to do, does not require precision attenuators and will yield acceptable results in most cases. Table 4 is a reference chart for setting T-Pass cavity loss with either procedure. The chart shows the desired cavity loss settings and the reference setting for both the T-Pass and bandpass loop assembly. The reference notch depth for a given loss is that which can be observed across a tee connector connected to either loop assembly. Cavity Loss Setting Procedure 1 This procedure uses precision rotary attenuators, a signal generator and an RF millivolt meter. REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT 1) Signal generator capable of producing a CW signal level of at least -10 dBm with variable
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Cavity Loss (dB)
Coupling Loop Type
TXRX Part #
Reference Notch Depth -9.2 -12 -7.4 -10.2 -5.6 -8.8 -4.4 -8.0 -3.6 -7.2
1.0
T-Pass Bandpass T-Pass Bandpass T-Pass Bandpass T-Pass Bandpass T-Pass Bandpass
3-3724 2-0675 3-3724 2-0675 3-3724 2-0675 3-3724 2-0675 3-3724 2-0675
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
Table 4: Cavity insertion loss reference loop settings.
output level capability at the frequency of interest. 2) An RF voltmeter with a 0.001 V (-50 dBm) scale and a 50 ohm input adapter. Helper Instruments RF millivolter used for this example. 3) Rotary Attenuators, 1@ 0-1 dB in 0.1 dB increments. 1@ 0-10 dB in 1.0 dB increments. 1@ 0-70 dB in 10 dB increments. JFW Industries model 50BR-017. 4) Two 10 dB fixed attenuator pads with BNC connectors. JFW Industries model 50F-010. 5) UG-914/U, BNC(F) to BNC(F) union. TX RX Systems' part # 8-5805. 6) UG-28A/U, N(F), N(F), N(F) tee. 7) UG-57B/U, N(M)-N(M) coupling. 8) Two, UG-201A/U BNC(F)-N(M) adapter. TX RX Systems' part # 8-5814.
9) 50 ohm coaxial cable test leads with BNC male connectors (high quality cable). A spectrum analyzer may be used in place of the RF voltmeter. However, the personnel doing the work should fully understand the procedure and understand the use of the analyzer for this application. We have found it convenient to use test cables with BNC connectors. They allow for more convenient connection to test equipment and to small attenuator pads. UG-201 BNC to N adapters are used when connections to N connectors are needed. PROCEDURE FOR T-PASS LOOP 1) Set the signal generator at the desired frequency (within 1 MHz of operating frequency) and an output level of approximately -10 dBm. Set the rotary attenuators for the Reference Notch Depth Value shown in table 4 for the desired insertion loss. 2) Connect the test leads together through the female union, as shown in Figure 15, and adjust the range switch and the zero set on the voltmeter for a convenient reference level (A
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Modulated Signal Source RF Voltmeter 400 . 000

.3 V
DIRECT 50 dB PAD
All cables are 50 Ohm coaxial. Double shielded cables preferred.
VOLTS
.0 dBm -10 -20 -30 -40 -50
.0 dBm +10 +20 +30 +40 +50
3V 1V 3V 10 V 30 V 100 V
.1 V .03 V
3 4 56 7 8 9 10
ON -8 -6 -4 -2 0
dbm @ 50
.01 V .003 V .001 V
+2
rf millivolter
ZERO SET
50 Ohm Adaptor 0.1 dB/Div. UG914/U Female-Female .4 .3 Connector .5

.2
.8 .7 .6
.1 0
1.0 dB/Div.
9 8 10
10 dB/Div.
10 0 20
40 30
7
6 5
10 dB Attenuator Pads
Rotary Attenuators Set to Loop Reference Settings
Figure 15: Setting loop adjustment reference level.
level of 2 on the 0 to 3 scale for example) on the meter. The generator output level may also be adjusted slightly if necessary.
3) Remove the bandpass loop from the cavity and reinsert it, connector end first, back into the cavity and tighten all 3 screws securely. See Figure 16. 4) Set all three attenuators for 0 dB but leave them in the circuit. 5) Connect a UG-28A/U Tee connector and UG57B/U coupling to the T-Pass loop as shown in figure 16. Then connect the test leads as shown. Make sure to install the 3-1268 short circuit connector from the top of the T-Pass rack. 6) Loosen the main tuning rod locking screw and slowly slide the tuning rod in or out to obtain a dip (minimum voltage) in the meter reading which indicates cavity resonance. Use the fine tuning control to maximize the dip (the fine tuning rod should not be full in or out which would indicate that slight adjustment of the main tuning rod is necessary). Note the meter reading.
7) If the meter reading is greater or less than the reference level from step 2, the T-Pass loop rotation will have to be adjusted. If the meter reading is greater than the reference level, the loop will have to be rotated so that the calibration mark on the loop points to a slightly higher number on the calibration index label. Conversely, if the meter reading is less than the reference, the loop will have to be rotated so that the index mark points to a slightly lower number on the calibration index. Loosen the three loop locking screws and rotate the loop so that the index mark is moved to the next higher or lower calibration tag number as needed and tighten the 3 locking screws. Note that tight screws are necessary for accuracy. 8) Repeat steps 6 and 7 until the minimum meter reading is equal to the reference level from step 2. Rotation of loops will change the cavity frequency slightly. 9) The Bandpass loop should be reinstalled with the connector facing upward and the ground point circle oriented toward the center of the cavity as shown in Figure 17.
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Manual 7-9120-4
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3 2 1
1.0 . 9
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Modulated Signal Source UG-28A/U 400 . 000 UG-57B/U T-Pass Loop

ON
RF Voltmeter
.3 V
DIRECT 50 dB PAD
VOLTS
.0 dBm -10 -20 -30 -40 -50
.0 dBm +10 +20 +30 +40 +50
3V 1V 3V 10 V 30 V 100 V
.1 V .03 V
3 4 56 7 8 9 10
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
dbm @ 50
.01 V .003 V .001 V
+2
rf millivolter
ZERO SET
50 Ohm Adaptor
0.1 dB/Div.
10 dB Pad Rotate 10 dB Pad
.1 0 .2
.5 .4 .3
1.0 dB/Div.
8 7 6
10 9
10 dB/Div.
10 0 20
40 30
5
4 3
20
CA
LIB R IND ATIO EX N 10 15
Short Circuit Connector 3-1268 from top of rack
20
Bandpass Loop turned upside down with connector inserted into cavity. Loop visible and screws tight.
Figure 16: Setting the T-Pass loop using step attenuators.
10) Remove the short circuit connector from the TPass loop PROCEDURE FOR BANDPASS LOOP 1) Maintain the previous signal generator settings and set the rotary attenuators for the proper setting as shown in table 4 for the Bandpass Loop. 2) Connect the test leads together through the female union and adjust the range switch and the zero set on the voltmeter for a reference level (A level of 2 on the 0 to 3 scale is convenient) on the meter. See figure 15. The generator output level may also be adjusted slightly if convenient. 3) Set all three attenuators for 0 dB but leave them in the circuit. 4) Connect a UG-107 Tee and the UG-57B/U to the Bandpass loop as shown on figure 17. Then
connect the test leads as shown. Make sure the short circuit connector has been removed from the T-Pass loop. 5) Loosen the main tuning rod locking screw and slowly slide tuning rod in or out to obtain a dip (minimum voltage) in the meter reading which indicates cavity resonance. Use the fine tuning control to maximize the dip (the fine tuning rod should not be full in or out which would indicate that slight adjustment of the main tuning is necessary). Note the meter reading. 6) If the meter reading is greater or less than the reference level from step 2, the bandpass loop rotation will have to be adjusted. If the meter reading is greater than the reference level, the loop will have to be rotated so that the calibration mark on the loop, points to a slightly higher number on the calibration index label. Conversely, if the meter reading is less than the ref-
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1.0
1 0
.9
.8 .7 .
Page 18
Modulated Signal Source UG-28A/U 400 . 000 UG-57B/U T-Pass Loop

ON
RF Voltmeter
.3 V
DIRECT 50 dB PAD
VOLTS
.0 dBm -10 -20 -30 -40 -50
.0 dBm +10 +20 +30 +40 +50
3V 1V 3V 10 V 30 V 100 V
.1 V .03 V
3 4 56 7 8 9 10
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
dbm @ 50
.01 V .003 V .001 V
+2
rf millivolter
ZERO SET
50 Ohm Adaptor
10 dB Pad
Rotate
10 dB Pad
0.1 dB/Div.
.1 0 .2
.5 .4 .3
1.0 dB/Div.
8 7 6
5
10 9
10 dB/Div.
10 0 20
40 30
Small circle on bandpass loop indicates ground end of loop and should be oriented as shown.
Previously calibrated T-Pass Loop 3-1268 short circuit removed.
Figure 17: Setting the bandpass loop using step attenuators.
erence, the loop will have to be rotated so that the index mark points to a slightly lower number on the calibration index. Loosen the three loop locking screws and rotate the loop so that the index mark is moved to the next higher or lower calibration tag number as needed and tighten the 3 locking screws. Note that tight screws are necessary for accuracy. 7) Repeat steps 5 and 6 until the minimum meter reading is equal to the reference level from step 2. Rotation of loops will change the cavity frequency slightly. 8) Make sure that all the loop locking screws are tight. The cavity loops are now set and the cavity should now be tuned to the desired frequency.
Cavity Loss Setting Procedure 2 This procedure uses a spectrum analyzer and tracking generator. REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT 1) IFR A-7550 Spectrum Analyzer / Tracking generator combination. 2) Two 10 dB fixed attenuator pads with BNC connectors. JFW Industries model 50F-010. 3) UG-914/U, BNC(F) to BNC(F) union. TX RX Systems' part # 8-5805. 4) UG-28A/U, N(F), N(F), N(F) tee. 5) UG-57B/U, N(M)-N(M) coupling. 6) Two, UG-201A/U BNC(F)-N(M) adapter. TX RX Systems' part # 8-5814.
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1 0
.9
.8 .7 .
0 5
4 3
1.0
C AL IB R IND ATIO N E 10 X
20
15 20
0
Page 19
Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator

UG-28A/U UG-57B/U T-Pass Loop
10 dB Pad
Rotate
10 dB Pad
N TIO RA X LIB CA INDE 15 0 1 5
20
CA
LIB R IND ATIO EX N 10 15
Short Circuit Connector 3-1268 from top of rack
20
Bandpass Loop turned upside down with connector inserted into cavity. Loop visible and screws tight.
Figure 18: Setting a T-Pass loop for specific cavity insertion loss.
7) 50 ohm coaxial cable test leads with BNC male connectors (high quality cable). Other spectrum analyzer and tracking generator combinations are acceptable if they provide the equivalent range and resolution of the A-7550. We have found it convenient to use test cables with BNC connectors. They allow for a more convenient connection to test equipment and small attenuator pads. UG-201 BNC to N adapters are used when connections to N connectors are needed. PROCEDURE FOR T-PASS LOOP 1) Remove the screws that hold in the bandpass loop assembly; remove the assembly; invert it and place it back into the cavity (see Figure
18). The coupling loop will be visible. Install and tighten the three locking screws. 2) Connect the test leads to the A-7550; turn it on and let it warm up for at least 30 minutes. 3) Connect the 10 dB attenuator pads to the test leads. They will remain connected for all subsequent measurements. 4) Note the Reference Notch Depth value for the T-Pass loop assembly to be adjusted from table 4. 5) Set the A-7550 for the frequency of the channel of interest (within 1 MHz of actual operating frequency).
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Mode = Live Scan Width = 100 KHz/div. Resolution BW = 30 KHz Generator Output = 0 dBm Attenuator = -30 dB IF Gain set for 0 dBm at top of display graticule. 6) If the Reference Notch Depth is 8 dB or less then set the display for a vertical range of 2dB/ div otherwise set it for 10dB/div. 7) Temporarily connect the test leads from the A7550 together through a UG-914 BNC union to set the zero reference. Note:On the IFR A-7550 proceed as follows: a) Activate the Mode Menu and make sure that the unit is in "LIVE" mode. b) From the Mode Menu, "STORE" the above trace. c) Switch to the Display Menu and select "REF". A 0 dB reference trace will appear on the display. d) Exit the menu. 8) Connect a UG-28 tee and a UG-57 coupling to the T-Pass loop as shown in figure 18. 9) Connect the test leads from the A-7550 to the tee connector as shown in figure 18. 10) Adjust the cavities main tuning rod so that a rejection notch appears in the center of the display. 11) Loosen the three loop locking screws and rotate the loop to obtain the reference notch depth from step 4. Tighten the T-Pass loop locking screws only. Note that the tightness of the locking screws affects the depth of the rejection notch slightly. It is usually necessary to rotate the loop for a notch depth that is slightly less than the reference. The Notch depth will tend to increase slightly as all three locking screws are tightened. 12) Remove the bandpass loop and place it back into the cavity with the connector-end up.
PROCEDURE FOR BANDPASS LOOP 1) The Bandpass loop should be installed with the connector up and the ground point circle oriented toward the center of the cavity as shown in Figure 19. 2) Connect the test leads, with 10 dB pads attached, to the A-7550; turn it on and let it warm up for at least 30 minutes if this has not been done. 3) Note the Reference Notch Depth value for the Bandpass loop assembly to be adjusted from table 4. 4) Set The A-7550 for the frequency of the channel of interest (within 5 MHz of actual operating frequency). Mode = Live Scan Width = 100 KHz/div. Resolution BW = 30 KHz Gen Output = 0 dBm Attenuator = -30 dB IF Gain set for 0 dBm at top of display graticule. 5) If the Reference Notch Depth is 8 dB or less then set the display for a vertical range of 2dB/ div otherwise set it for 10dB/div. 6) Temporarily connect the test leads from the A7550 together through a UG-914 BNC union to set the zero reference. Make sure to use the 10 dB pads which should remain on the test cables for all measurements. Note:On the IFR A-7550 proceed as follows: a) Activate the Mode Menu and make sure that the unit is in "LIVE" mode. b) From the Mode Menu, "STORE" the above trace. c) Switch to the Display Menu and select "REF". A 0 dB reference trace will appear on the display. d) Exit the menu. 7) Connect a UG-28 tee and a UG-57 coupling to the bandpass loop as shown in figure 19.
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Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator

UG-28A/U UG-57B/U T-Pass Loop
10 dB Pad
Rotate
10 dB Pad
CA LIB R IND ATIO N E 5 10 X 15
Figure 19: Setting a bandpass loop for specific cavity insertion loss.
8) Connect the test leads from the A-7550 to the tee connector as shown in figure 19. 9) Adjust the cavities main tuning rod so that a rejection notch appears in the center of the display. 10) Loosen the three loop locking screws and rotate the loop assembly to obtain the reference notch depth from step 3. Note that the tightness of the locking screws affects the depth of the rejection notch slightly, it is usually necessary to rotate the loop for a notch depth that is slightly less than the reference. The Notch depth will tend to increase slightly as all three locking screws are tightened. 11) Tighten all loop locking screws. The cavity loss is now set. The cavity will have to be tuned to its operating frequency following the procedures outlined earlier in this manual.
20
0
Small circle on bandpass loop indicates ground end of loop and should be oriented as shown.
20
Previously calibrated T-Pass Loop 3-1268 short circuit removed.
ISOLATORS Isolators perform two important functions. Their primary function is to keep other RF frequencies out of the transmitter so that intermodulation products cannot be generated. Isolators have a substantial amount of reverse isolation. They also ensure that the transmitter never sees any significant reflected power so it will always operate with maximum stability at full-power output. Isolators prevent energy from getting into the transmitters output by dumping any RF energy entering the output of the isolator into a dummy load. For a more detailed discussion of the construction and theories of operation of ferrite isolators refer to the TX RX Systems Inc. publication SEMINAR SUBJECTS titled An Elementary Introduction to Ferrite Isolators, Circulators and RF Loads (literature number C2003H92). Contact your TX RX sales representative if you wish to order a copy.
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The model 73-67-11/18/25-XX-NN series of T-pass transmit combiners will use either single section or dual section isolators at the input to each T-pass channel. At UHF frequencies the rated specifications of the isolators are maintained over a 1% range which equals a bandwidth of about 4.59 MHz (at a center frequency of 459 MHz). When the isolators frequency of operation is being changed by greater than 0.4% (about 2.0 MHz) then tuning of the isolator will ensure optimum performance. This section of the manual deals primarily with the procedures necessary for field tuning the ferrite isolators to new frequencies. SINGLE-SECTION ISOLATORS Single-section isolators have one load port. A properly sized load capable of dissipating the maximum expected reflected power that might be encountered should be used.
The isolator loads can get quite hot during operation. This can occur when an antenna system component fails causing high reflected power which is then dissipated by the isolator load. These loads can get hot enough to burn skin so use caution when servicing these devices.
Tuning It is assumed that the tuning procedures in this manual will be carried out by a skilled electronics technician who is familiar with the communications system. Refer to Figures 20 and 21 during the tuning procedure. The tuning procedure should be followed in a step-by-step fashion. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT The following equipment or its equivalent is recommended: 1) IFR Model A-7550 Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking generator combination or equivalent. 2) Eagle RLB-150 Return Loss Bridge (35 dB directivity). 3) Double shielded coaxial cable test leads (RG142 B/U or RG223/U).
0.250" (6 mm)
3.000" (76 mm)
1.500" (38 mm)
Figure 20: Single section UHF isolator.
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
1.125" (29 mm)
.21" (6 mm) dia 4 places
0.375" (10 mm)
Figure 21: Mounting layout of the single section UHF isolator.
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4) 50 Ohm load with at least -35 dB return loss (1.10 : 1 VSWR). 5) Metal blade tuning tool for adjusting ceramic and/or piston variable capacitors (TX RX Part# 95-00-01). TUNING PROCEDURE It is necessary to be able to set zero references for both insertion loss and return loss measurements in order to determine if specifications are being met. This procedure is not outlined in the A-7550 manual but consists of using the STORE trace function to save the reference trace level and then putting the A-7550 into the reference mode which makes this stored trace the zero reference. The procedure for doing so is outlined below. SETTING 0 DB INSERTION LOSS REFERENCE Set the A-7550 for the desired frequency and bandwidth. Connect the output and input leads together through a female barrel connector (UG 29 -N or UG 914 -BNC) and proceed as follows: 1) Make sure that the unit is in LIVE mode. 2) From the Mode Menu, STORE the trace.
3) Switch to the Display Menu and select REF. The trace should appear at the 0 dB level. SETTING 0 DB RETURN LOSS REFERENCE Set the A-7550 for the desired frequency and bandwidth. Connect the Return Loss Bridge to the A-7550 but leave the LOAD port open. Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 above. (see Figure 22). 1) Set the 0 dB return loss reference. 2) Connect the bridge to the isolator as shown in Figure 23 and adjust capacitor 1 for maximum return loss at the center frequency. 3) Reverse the bridge and load connections as shown in Figure 24 and adjust capacitor 3 for maximum return loss at the center frequency.
+30 +20 +10 0 -10 -20 -30
+30 +20 +10 0 -10 -20 -30
Analyzer Input
Generate Output
Bridge
Analyzer Input
Generate Output
Load that will be used during actual operation.
Single Stage UHF Isolator
1 2
TUNE
RLB - 150 Bridge

Reflected Source
Load
To device to be tested. This connector left open for setting 0 dB reference.
Good Quality 50 Ohm Load
Figure 22: Proper connection of an Eagle RLB-150 Return Loss Bridge.
Figure 23: Tuning the single section isolator step 2.
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11/30/06
Page 24
4) Disconnect the bridge from the isolator and the test leads from the bridge. 5) Set the 0 dB insertion loss reference. 6) Connect the leads to the isolator as shown in Figure 25. 7) Adjust capacitor 2 for minimum signal at the center frequency. This adjustment minimizes reverse isolation. 8) Repeat steps 1 through 7. The single section isolator is now tuned and may be placed back into service. DUAL-SECTION ISOLATORS Dual section isolators have two load ports, one for each section. Although loads of equal power rating may be used for both ports, it is customary to use
an output load capable of dissipating the maximum expected reflected power that might be encountered. A small load (5 watts) is usually installed on the first section of the isolator where high reflected power is not a factor. The isolator loads can get quite hot during operation. This can occur when an antenna system component fails causing high reflected power which is then dissipated by the isolator load. These loads can get hot enough to burn skin so use c a u t i o n w he n s e r v i c i n g t he s e devices. Tuning It is assumed that the tuning procedures in this manual will be carried out by a skilled electronics technician who is familiar with the communications system. Refer to Figures 26 and 27 during the tuning procedure. The tuning procedure should be followed in a step-by-step fashion.
+30 +20 +10 0 -10 -20 -30

+30 +20 +10 0 -10 -20
Analyzer Input
Generate Output
-30
Bridge
Analyzer Input
Generate Output
RF
TUNE
3
1
2 1 50 Ohm Load
TUNE
2 3
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 25
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT The following equipment or its equivalent is recommended: 1) IFR Model A-7550 Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking generator combination or equivalent. 2) Eagle RLB-150 Return Loss Bridge (35 dB directivity). 3) Double shielded coaxial cable test leads (RG142 B/U or RG223/U). 4) 50 Ohm load with at least -35 dB return loss (1.10 : 1 VSWR). 5) Metal blade tuning tool for adjusting ceramic and/or piston variable capacitors (TX RX Model # 95-00-01).
1.438" 37 mm
4.688" 120 mm
3.250" 83 mm
0.219" (6 mm) Dia Mounting Holes 4 places
3.125" 79 mm 3.313" 84 mm
0.188" 5 mm 0.313" 8 mm 5.813" 148 mm
5.500" 140 mm
Figure 27: Mounting hole layout of the dual isolator.
Input Connector
Output Connector
Remove screws to access tuning capacitors
Remove caps to access tuning capacitors
Input Section Load
Remove caps to access tuning capacitors
Output Section Load
Figure 26: A typical dual-section isolator.
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 26
TUNING PROCEDURE It is necessary to be able to set zero references for both insertion loss and return loss measurements in order to determine if specifications are being met. This procedure is not outlined in the A-7550 manual but consists of using the STORE trace function to save the reference trace level and then putting the A-7550 into the reference mode which makes this stored trace the zero reference. The procedure for doing so is outlined below. (A) Setting Zero dB Insertion loss Reference Set the A-7550 for the desired frequency and bandwidth. Connect the output and input leads together through a female barrel connector (UG 29 -N or UG 914 -BNC) and proceed as follows:
b) From the Mode Menu, STORE the trace. c) Switch to the Display Menu and select REF. The trace should appear at the 0 dB level.
(B) Setting Zero dB Return Loss Reference Set the A-7550 for the desired frequency and bandwidth. Connect the Return Loss Bridge to the A-7550 but leave the LOAD port open. Repeat steps a, b, and c above. See Figure 22.
a) Make sure that the unit is in LIVE mode.

+30 +20 +10
+30 +20 +10 0 -10 -20 -30
0 -10 -20 -30
Analyzer Input
Generate Output
Analyzer Input
Generate Output
Bridge
Bridge
1
Dual VHF Isolator 1 TUNE 5 3 4 6 2
2 TUNE 5 3 4 6
Any good quality 50 ohm load
Loads that will be used during actual operation
Figure 28: Tuning for maximum return loss.
Figure 29: Tuning for maximum return loss.
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 27
1) Set the A-7550 for 10 dB per division and set a zero dB return loss reference as outlined in paragraph B. 2) With the equipment connected as in Figure 28, adjust tuning capacitor #1 for maximum return loss at the desired center frequency. 3) Reversing the bridge and load connections as shown on Figure 29; adjust capacitor 2 for maximum return loss at the desired center frequency.
4) Set the A-7550 for 2 dB per division vertical scale and set a zero dB insertion loss reference as outlined in paragraph A. 5) Connect the A-7550 to the isolator as shown in Figure 30. Adjust capacitors 3 and 4 for a centered and symmetrical response. 6) Set the A-7550 for 10 dB per division and reset the zero dB insertion loss reference per paragraph A. 7) Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 31 and adjust capacitor 5 for maximum attenuation (reverse isolation). Be sure to remove the output load as this allows the observation of the isolation produced by a single section.
+6 +4 +2 0 -2 -4 -6
8) Reconnect the output load and disconnect the input load as shown in Figure 32. Adjust capac-
+30 +20
Analyzer Input
Generate Output
+10 0 -10 -20 -30
RF
Analyzer Input Generate Output RF
1 TUNE 5 3 4
Load Removed
1 TUNE 5 3 4
Figure 30: Tuning for passband symmetry.
Figure 31: Tuning for reverse isolation.
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 28
itor 6 for maximum attenuation (reverse isolation). Then reconnect the input load. 9) Repeat steps 1 through 8. The isolator is now ready to be put back in service. MAINTENANCE Because T-Pass transmit combiners are composed of passive components, they will continue to operate without any maintenance for years and there is no recommended maintenance period. However, we do feel that it is wise to check combiner performance by measuring channel loss periodically and this may be done at any convenient time along with other radio system maintenance.
+30 +20 +10 0 -10 -20 -30
Analyzer Input
Generate Output RF
Load Removed 1 TUNE 5 3 4 6 2
Figure 32: Tuning for reverse isolation.
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 29
UHF Single Junction Circulators and Isolators
406-430 Frequency Range (MHz) 450-470 470-490 490-512 510-530 Number of Junctions Junction Type Max Continuous Input Power RF Load Model Number Continuous RF Load Power Isolation Bandwidth Typical Insertion Loss Max Insertion Loss Peak Reverse Isolation Min Reverse Isolation Nominal Impedance Min Return Loss (VSWR) Temperature Range Connectors, Input/Output/Load Dimensions, HxWxD, inches Dimensions, HxWxD, mm Weight, lb (Kg)
81-65-15-00 81-70-15-00 81-71-15-00 81-72-15-00 81-75-15-00
81-65-15-20 81-70-15-20 81-71-15-20 81-72-15-20 81-75-15-20
81-65-15-50 81-70-15-50 81-71-15-50 81-72-15-50 81-75-15-50 1 Distributed Parameter 250 W
81-65-15-60 81-70-15-60 81-71-15-60 81-72-15-60 81-75-15-60
81-65-15-100 81-70-15-100 81-71-15-100 81-72-15-100 81-75-15-100
None None
82-01-05 5W
82-01-16 25 W 1% of center frequency 0.35 dB 0.4 dB >30 dB >25 dB 50 ohm 20 dB (1:22: 1) -30 to +60 Celsius N
82-01-17 60 W
82-01-15 100 W
4.19x3.99x1.78 106x101x45 1.40 (0.64)
5.22x3.99x1.78 133x101x45 1.58 (0.72)
8.97x3.99x1.78 10.09x3.99x1.78 10.09x3.99x1.90 228x101x45 2.05 (0.93) 256x101x45 2.68 (1.21) 256x101x48 3.41 (1.55)
UHF Dual Junction Circulators and Isolators
Frequency Range (MHz)
406-430 450-470 470-490 490-512 510-530
81-65-25-00 81-70-25-00 81-71-25-00 81-72-25-00 81-75-25-00
81-65-25-20 81-70-25-20 81-71-25-20 81-72-25-20 81-75-25-20
81-65-25-50 81-70-25-50 81-71-25-50 81-72-25-50 81-75-25-50 2 Distributed Parameter 250 W
81-65-25-60 81-70-25-60 81-71-25-60 81-72-25-60 81-75-25-60
81-65-25-100 81-70-25-100 81-71-25-100 81-72-25-100 81-75-25-100
Number of Junctions Junction Type Max Continuous Input Power RF Load Model Number Continuous RF Load Power Isolation Bandwidth Typical Insertion Loss Max Insertion Loss Peak Reverse Isolation Min Reverse Isolation Nominal Impedance Min Return Loss (VSWR) Temperature Range Connectors, Input/Output/Load Dimensions, HxWxD, inches Dimensions, HxWxD, mm Weight, lb (Kg) 4.19x8.75x1.78 106x220x45 2.95 (1.34) 5.22x8.75x1.78 133x220x45 3.13 (1.42) None None 82-01-05 82-01-05 5/5 W
82-01-05 82-01-16 5/25 W 1% of center frequency 0.7 dB 0.8 dB >60 dB >50 dB 50 ohm 20 dB (1:22: 1) -30 to +60 Celsius N
82-01-05 82-01-17 5/60 W
82-01-05 82-01-15 5/100 W
8.97x8.75x1.78 10.09x8.75x1.78 10.09x8.75x2.9 228x220x45 3.59 (1.63) 256x220x45 4.22 (1.92) 256x220x48 4.95 (2.25)
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 30
Power Ratio and Voltage Ratio to Decibel Conversion Chart

Example: Given a gain of +9.1 dB or a loss of -9.1 dB Loss or Gain +9.1 dB -9.1 dB Power Ratio 8.128 0.123 Voltage Ratio 2.851 0.351
- dB +
Voltage Ratio 1 0.989 0.977 0.966 0.955 0.944 0.933 0.923 0.912 0.902 0.891 0.881 0.871 0.861 0.851 0.841 0.832 0.822 0.813 0.804 0.794 0.785 0.776 0.767 0.759 0.75 0.741 0.733 0.724 0.716 0.708 0.7 0.692 0.684 0.676 0.668 0.661 0.653 0.646 0.638 0.631 0.624 0.617 0.61 0.603 0.596 0.589 0.582 0.575 0.569 Power Ratio 1 0.977 0.955 0.933 0.912 0.891 0.871 0.851 0.832 0.813 0.794 0.776 0.759 0.741 0.724 0.708 0.692 0.676 0.661 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.603 0.589 0.575 0.562 0.55 0.537 0.525 0.513 0.501 0.49 0.479 0.468 0.457 0.447 0.437 0.427 0.417 0.407 0.398 0.389 0.38 0.372 0.363 0.355 0.347 0.339 0.331 0.324 dB 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Voltage Ratio 1 1.012 1.023 1.035 1.047 1.059 1.072 1.084 1.096 1.109 1.122 1.135 1.148 1.161 1.175 1.189 1.202 1.216 1.23 1.245 1.259 1.274 1.288 1.303 1.318 1.334 1.349 1.365 1.38 1.396 1.413 1.429 1.445 1.462 1.479 1.496 1.514 1.531 1.549 1.567 1.585 1.603 1.622 1.641 1.66 1.679 1.698 1.718 1.738 1.758 Power Ratio 1 1.023 1.047 1.072 1.096 1.122 1.148 1.175 1.202 1.23 1.259 1.288 1.318 1.349 1.38 1.413 1.445 1.479 1.514 1.549 1.585 1.622 1.66 1.698 1.738 1.778 1.82 1.862 1.905 1.95 1.995 2.042 2.089 2.138 2.188 2.239 2.291 2.344 2.399 2.455 2.512 2.57 2.63 2.692 2.754 2.818 2.884 2.951 3.02 3.09 Voltage Ratio 0.562 0.556 0.55 0.543 0.537 0.531 0.525 0.519 0.513 0.507 0.501 0.496 0.49 0.484 0.479 0.473 0.468 0.462 0.457 0.452 0.447 0.442 0.437 0.432 0.427 0.422 0.417 0.412 0.407 0.403 0.398 0.394 0.389 0.385 0.38 0.376 0.372 0.367 0.363 0.359 0.355 0.351 0.347 0.343 0.339 0.335 0.331 0.327 0.324 0.32 Power Ratio 0.316 0.309 0.302 0.295 0.288 0.282 0.275 0.269 0.263 0.257 0.251 0.246 0.24 0.234 0.229 0.224 0.219 0.214 0.209 0.204 0.2 0.195 0.191 0.186 0.182 0.178 0.174 0.17 0.166 0.162 0.159 0.155 0.151 0.148 0.145 0.141 0.138 0.135 0.132 0.129 0.126 0.123 0.12 0.118 0.115 0.112 0.11 0.107 0.105 0.102
- dB +
dB 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 Voltage Ratio 1.778 1.799 1.82 1.841 1.862 1.884 1.905 1.928 1.95 1.972 1.995 2.018 2.042 2.065 2.089 2.113 2.138 2.163 2.188 2.213 2.239 2.265 2.291 2.317 2.344 2.371 2.399 2.427 2.455 2.483 2.512 2.541 2.57 2.6 2.63 2.661 2.692 2.723 2.754 2.786 2.818 2.851 2.884 2.917 2.951 2.985 3.02 3.055 3.09 3.126 Power Ratio 3.162 3.236 3.311 3.388 3.467 3.548 3.631 3.715 3.802 3.89 3.981 4.074 4.169 4.266 4.365 4.467 4.571 4.677 4.786 4.898 5.012 5.129 5.248 5.37 5.495 5.623 5.754 5.888 6.026 6.166 6.31 6.457 6.607 6.761 6.918 7.079 7.244 7.413 7.586 7.762 7.943 8.128 8.318 8.511 8.71 8.913 9.12 9.333 9.55 9.772
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 31
POWER IN/OUT
VS
INSERTION LOSS
The graph below offers a convenient means of determining the insertion loss of filters, duplexers, multicouplers and related products. The graph on the back page will allow you to quickly determine VSWR. It should be remembered that the field accuracy of wattmeter readings is subject to considerable variance due to RF connector VSWR and basic wattmeter accuracy, particularly at low end scale readings. However, allowing for these variances, these graphs should prove to be a useful reference.
INSERTION LOSS (dB)

7.0
500
400
300 250
INPUT POWER (Watts)
200
150 125
100
75
50 50 75 100 125 150 200 250 300 400 500
OUTPUT POWER (Watts)

FOR LOWER POWER LEVELS DIVIDE BOTH SCALES BY 10 (5 TO 50 WATTS)
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
1.0
.50
5.0
4.5
3.5
3.0
2.0
6.0
4.0
1.5
.25
6.5
5.5
2.5
Page 32
POWER FWD./REV.
VS
VSWR
500 400 300 200
V S W R
100 1.1:1
50
FORWARD POWER (Watts)
40 30
1.15:1
1.2:1 20 1.25:1 1.3:1
10
1.4:1 5.0 4.0 3.0 1.5:1 1.6:1 1.8:1 2.0 2.0:1
1.0
2.5:1 3.0:1
0.5 40 20 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
REFLECTED POWER (Watts)

FOR OTHER POWER LEVELS MULTIPLY BOTH SCALES BY THE SAME MULTIPLIER
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 33
NOTES
TX RX Systems Inc.
Manual 7-9120-4
11/30/06
Page 34
Power Conversion Chart

dBm to dBw to Watts to Volts
dBm 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 38 36 34 32 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 dBw 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 8 6 4 2 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 Watts 100kW 31.6 kW 10.0 kW 3.16 kW 1000 316 100 31.6 10.0 6.31 3.98 2.51 1.58 1.00 0.79 0.63 0.50 0.40 0.32 0.25 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.10 79 mW Volts 50 2236 1257 707 398 224 126 70.7 39.8 22.4 17.8 14.1 11.2 8.90 7.07 6.30 5.62 5.01 4.46 3.98 3.54 3.16 2.82 2.51 2.24 1.99 dBm 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 dBw -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 -17 -18 -19 -20 -21 -22 -23 -24 -25 -26 -27 -28 -29 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -55 -60 Watts 63 mW 50 mW 40 mW 32 mW 25 mW 20 mW 16 mW 13 mW 10 mW 7.9 mW 6.3 mW 5.0 mW 4.0 mW 3.2 mW 2.5 mW 2.0 mW 1.6 mW 1.3 mW 1.0 mW 316 uW 100 uW 31.6 uW 10 uW 3.16 uW 1 uW Volts 50 1.78 1.58 1.41 1.26 1.12 1.00 0.890 0.793 0.707 0.630 0.562 0.501 0.446 0.398 0.354 0.316 0.282 0.251 0.224 0.126 0.071 0.040 0.022 0.013 0.007
TX RX Systems Inc.
Free Space Path Loss Estimator

Frequency in MHz 50 0.1 0.25 0.5 1 2 3 4 Path Length (miles) 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 30 40 50 50.58 58.54 64.56 70.58 76.60 80.12 82.62 84.56 86.14 87.48 88.64 89.66 90.58 92.16 93.50 94.66 95.68 96.60 100.12 102.62 104.56 150 60.12 68.08 74.10 80.12 86.14 89.66 92.16 94.10 95.68 97.02 98.18 99.21 100.12 101.71 103.04 104.20 105.23 106.14 109.66 112.16 114.10 170 61.21 69.17 75.19 81.21 87.23 90.75 93.25 95.19 96.77 98.11 99.27 100.29 101.21 102.79 104.13 105.29 106.31 107.23 110.75 113.25 115.19 450 69.66 77.62 83.64 89.66 95.68 99.21 101.71 103.64 105.23 106.57 107.73 108.75 109.66 111.25 112.59 113.75 114.77 115.68 119.21 121.71 123.64 500 70.58 78.54 84.56 90.58 96.60 100.12 102.62 104.56 106.14 107.48 108.64 109.66 110.58 112.16 113.50 114.66 115.68 116.60 120.12 122.62 124.56 800 74.66 82.62 88.64 94.66 100.68 104.20 106.70 108.64 110.22 111.56 112.72 113.75 114.66 116.25 117.58 118.74 119.77 120.68 124.20 126.70 128.64 900 75.68 83.64 89.66 95.68 101.71 105.23 107.73 109.66 111.25 112.59 113.75 114.77 115.68 117.27 118.61 119.77 120.79 121.71 125.23 127.73 129.66
Formula: Path Loss (dB) = 36.6 + 20 log (MHz) + 20 log (miles)
TX RX Systems Inc.
Return Loss vs. VSWR

Return Loss 30 25 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 VSWR 1.06 1.11 1.20 1.25 1.28 1.33 1.37 1.43 1.50 1.57 1.67 1.78 1.92 2.10
Watts to dBm
Watts 300 250 200 150 100 75 50 25 20 15 10 5 4 3 2 1 dBm 54.8 54.0 53.0 51.8 50.0 48.8 47.0 44.0 43.0 41.8 40.0 37.0 36.0 34.8 33.0 30.0
dBm = 10log P/1mW Where P = power (Watt)
Insertion Loss
Input Power (Watts) 50 3 Insertion Loss 2.5 2 1.5 1 .5 25 28 32 35 40 45 75 38 42 47 53 60 67 100 50 56 63 71 79 89 125 63 70 79 88 99 111 150 75 84 95 106 119 134 200 100 112 126 142 159 178 250 125 141 158 177 199 223 300 150 169 189 212 238 267
Output Power (Watts)
Free Space Loss

Distance (miles) .25 Frequency (MHz) 150 220 460 860 940 1920 68 71 78 83 84 90 .50 74 77 84 89 90 96 .75 78 81 87 93 94 100 1 80 83 90 95 96 102 2 86 89 96 101 102 108 5 94 97 104 109 110 116 10 100 103 110 115 116 122 15 104 107 113 119 120 126
Free Space Loss (dB) Free space loss = 36.6 + 20log D + 20log F Where D = distance in miles and F = frequency in MHz
TX RX Systems Inc.
8625 Industrial Parkway, Angola, NY 14006
Tel: 716-549-4700
Fax: 716-549-4772
sales@birdrf.com
www.bird-technologies.com

Bird 7-9120 Multicoupler

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YOU'RE HEARD, LOUD AND CLEAR.

Manual Part Number 7-9120

8625 Industrial Parkway, Angola, NY 14006

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE

SPECIFICATION CHANGES OR MODIFICATIONS:

ORDER CANCELLATION OR ALTERATION:

NON WARRANTY REPAIRS AND RETURN WORK:

Bird Technologies Group

Symbols Commonly Used

ESD Elecrostatic Discharge

Electrical Shock Hazard

Use Safety Glasses

Bird Technologies Group

Figures and Tables

Transmitter Combiner (T-Pass)

T-Pass Thru-line Cable TX4

Table 1: General specifications for 6.625 cavity systems.

73-67-11-Series Systems 6.625" Diameter 3/4-Wave, Fo = 460 MHz 0 -5 -10 -15

0.1 Offset from Fo (MHz)

Figure 2: Typical transmitter noise suppression using 6.625 cavities.

Table 2: General specifications for 8 cavity systems.

73-67-18-Series Systems 8" Diameter 3/4-Wave, Fo = 460 MHz 0 -5 -10 -15

0.1 Offset from Fo (MHz)

Figure 3: Typical transmitter noise suppression using 8 cavities.

Table 3: General specifications for 10 cavity systems.

73-67-25-Series Systems 10" Diameter 3/4-Wave, Fo = 460 MHz 0 -5 -10 -15

0.1 Offset from Fo (MHz)

Figure 4: Typical transmitter noise suppression using 10 cavities.

Figure 5: Typical Peg-rack model.

Figure 6: Typical 19 Relay-rack model.

T-Pass Transmitter Combiner

Figure 7: Typical combiner installation.

Wattmeter 2 T-Pass Cavity Filter

THRULINE BIRD ELECTRONIC CORP.

Single or Dual Section Isolators Transmitter

CA LIB R IND ATIO N E 10 X

ION RAT LIB X CA INDE 15 10 5

THRULINE BIRD ELECTRONIC CORP.

Single or Dual Section Isolators

LIB R IND ATIO N E 10 X 15

ION RAT LIB X CA INDE 15 10 5

UG27 Elbow Connector & UG57 Male-Male Adaptor

Channel 2 UG57 Male-Male Single or Dual Section Isolators Transmitter

This T-Pass Loop requires a 3-1268 short circuit connector Channel 1

Figure 8: Equipment hookup for measuring T-Pass channel performance.

T-Pass Cavity Filter

CA LIB R IND ATIO N E 10 X 15 20

N TIO RA LIB X CA INDE 15 10 5

Output Section Termination

Figure 9: Using a wattmeter for T-Pass cavity fine tuning.

THRULINE BIRD ELECTRONIC CORP.

Raises Freq. Lowers Freq.

Main Tuning Rod

Raises Freq. Lowers Freq. Locking Thumb Nut, Fine Tuning

Figure 10: T-Pass cavity tuning control details.

RLB - 150 Bridge

50 Ohm Load T-Pass Cavity Filter

LIB R IND ATIO EX N 10 15 20

N TIO RA X LIB CA INDE 15 10 5

3-1268 Short Circuit Connector

Figure 11: Coarse tuning a T-Pass cavity.

Cavity and isolator clamp screws in this approximate position

Cavity mounting clamp goes around two pegs