Application of the Matrix Converter for Vector Controlled Doubly-Fed Induction

Machine

E. Chekhet
1
, V. Mikhalsky
1
, S. Peresada
2
, I. Shapoval
1
, V. Sobolev
1

1
Institute of Electrodynamics of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences
pr. Pobedy 56, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
2
National Technical University of Ukraine "Kiev Polytechnical Institute"
pr. Pobedy 37, 03056, Kiev, Ukraine
1
Phone/Fax: (38044) 456-9266 E-mail: chk@ied.kiev.ua
2
Phone: (38044) 264-5836 E-mail: peresada@i.com.ua

Abstract - The paper presents an application of matrix converter
technology for high performance vector controlled doubly-fed
induction machine used as generator. Brief description of the
space vector modulation algorithm and improved commutation
strategy for matrix converter as well as high performance torque
tracking indirect stator flux oriented vector control algorithm
are given. The results of intensive experimental study of the
proposed control algorithms for doubly-fed induction machine
supplied by matrix converter are presented.

I. INTRODUCTION

In some technological applications such as centrifugal
pumps, fans, wind generators desired control performance
can be achieved using restricted speed regulation range
(less than 20-25%). Doubly fed induction machine (DFIM)
has been found as an attractive solution for these applica-
tions. DFIM allows to get control effect using bi-
directional rotor power converter whose power is propor-
tional to required slip range [1].
The two approaches are possible to supply the DFIM ro-
tor circuit: standard AC-DC-AC converters with vector
controlled input rectifier and direct frequency converters
known as matrix converters (MC). Recently matrix con-
verters have been found as attractive alternative to AC-DC-
AC converters [2]-[4]. Vector control technique allows to
achieve the decoupled control of active and reactive power
at stator side of the DFIM. Some results of MC application
for DFIM control has been already reported in literature
[5], [6].
In this paper we present the features of MC application
for vector controlled doubly-fed induction machine. For
both MC and DFIM control we use recently developed by
authors novel control algorithms [3], [5].
A new space vector modulation (SVM) and improved
commutation strategy have been implemented for matrix
converter control. The main feature of the proposed SVM
control is high precision tracking of the reference voltage
vector. No information about output current direction and
relation between input phase voltages are required for im-
plementation of the MC commutation.
The paper is organized as follows. Section II presents
matrix converter control algorithm and commutation strat-
egy. Section III presents general configuration of torque
tracking control algorithm for DFIM. Results of experi-
mental testing of the DFIM with MC are given in Section
IV.

II. MATRIX CONVERTER CONTROL AND
COMMUTATION STRATEGY

Fig. 1 shows the matrix converter topology, connecting
the 3 input lines to 3 output lines with help of nine bi-
directional IGBT-switches S1-S9. The SVM control tech-
nique of MC is based on the instantaneous space-vector
representation of output voltage and input current.
The averaged values of the reference voltage vector u
ref

in each of six sectors [Fig. 2(a)] are obtained as the result
of synthesis from the five stationary vectors (four non-zero
and one zero) [2], [4], [7], [8].
Let us consider the case, when there are no shift between
the input current and voltage vectors. In order to form the
non-zero vectors the two input line-to-line voltages with
maximum instantaneous values are alternatively used. Zero
vector is formed when all output phases are turned on to
the same input phase. Two input line-to-line voltages are
selected in each of six 60-degrees intervals, the boundaries
of which are determined by the transition moments of any
phase voltage wave through zero [Fig. 2(b)]. Inside these
intervals the two phase voltages have identical polarity and
the third one with maximum instantaneous value has oppo-
site polarity. Correspondingly, the third phase is involved
during all SVM cycles and the first two phases alternately.
The input current running in the third phase is distributed
between the two other phases according to SVM law.
Denote the two input phases which have the same volt-
age polarities inside of the 60-degrees intervals as and
and the third phase with opposite voltage polarity by index
.


Fig. 1. Matrix converter topology.
IM
S
Aa
u
A
C
C
L
L
S
Ac
L
S
Ab
u
B
u
C
a b c
S
Ba
S
Ca
S
Bb
S
Cb
S
Cc
S
Bc
C

(a)

(b)
Fig. 2. (a) Output space voltage vector diagram.
(b) Input voltages time diagram.

For example in the time moment corresponding to the
angle
i
under consideration in Fig. 2(b) u

= u
B
, u

=u
C
,
u

=u
A
. For other 60-degrees intervals the indexes will be
transposed according to the rule above.
Define the components of the output voltage space vec-
tor
ref
u oriented along directions of the stationary vectors,
forming the sector in which vector
ref
u is allocated, as
( ) ref n
u (n=16), Fig. 2(a) (the right boundary of the n
th

sector corresponds to the
( ) ref n
u ). The amplitude of each
component for considered sectors of input phases is equal
to
( ) ( )
(2/3)
(2/3) ,
ref(n) (n) (n)
(n) (n)
d u +d u =
= d u - u +d u - u


= u
(1)
where d
(n)
and d
(n)
are duty cycles for phases and re-
spectively.
When components
( ) ref n
u of the
ref
u are considered in
a-b coordinate frame then from (1) we have [8]
( )
( )
( 1)
( 1)
sin - cos
3 3
sin - cos
3 3 3
( -1) ( -1)
- sin cos
3 3
( -1) ( -1)
- sin cos
3 3
a b
n
a b
n
n
a b
n
a b
np np
u u u
d
np np
u u u
d

d
n p n p
u u u
d
n p n p
u u u

+
+
| |
|
\ .


| |
|
\ .

=

| |
+
|
\ .


| |
+
|
\ .
, (2)
where
2 2
( ) u u u u u

= + + .
Note that if the sum of instantaneous values of the phase
voltages is equal to zero, then
2 2 2
A B C
u u u = + + . If MC
is fed from a symmetrical voltage system then
2
(3/ 2)
mi
U = , where U
mi
is the input phase voltage am-
plitude.
The duty cycle for zero vector is equal to
d
0
=1-d
(n)
-d
(n)
-d
(n+1)
-d
(n+1)
.
With the such forming of the SVM the following fea-
tures are obtained:
- linear loading of the symmetrical line source (MC is
viewed by the line source as linear load);
- high precision tracking of the reference voltage vector
ref
u under deviations of input voltages and the unbal-
anced voltage supply system.
The commutation strategy in MC can be based on two
approaches. The first, based on the current direction infor-
mation and the second, based on measured AC input phase
voltages relationship [9]-[12].
The proposed step-by-step commutation strategy of tran-
sistors excludes the current commutation by the switches,
connected to the mains phases, whose voltage curves are
crossed inside of the current time interval [Fig. 2(b)] [8].
This approach is realized by means of the optimal choice
the order for forming of the stationary vectors in time and
by special method of forming of zero vectors, consisting in
simultaneous switching on all the switches, connected to
the mains phase with maximum voltage modulus during
current time interval. As compared with the other ap-
proaches it requires no detection of the current direction
and measurement of the relation of input voltage values,
but only the detection of their polarity.
For better understanding of the approach described
above the three phase-to-one phase MC cell is presented in
Fig. 3, where the bi-directional power transistor switches
are shown. Fig. 4 explains a step-by-step commutation of
transistors. The turn on transistor state is denoted 1, turn
off 0.
The choice of the commutations sequence depends on
input voltage applied to the commutated switches. Here for
example the transfer of the load current from phase B to
phase C or vice versa is shown under such relation of the
input voltages, when the voltage polarity of phase A is op-
posite to polarity of two other voltages (intervals 100 and
011 in Fig. 2(b)).
Under such organization of the commutation both short
circuit currents between mains phases and breaks of load
current are excluded.
u
3

3
5

3
2

3
4


2
0

i
t
100 110 010 011 001 101
u
AB
u
AC
u
BC
u
BA
u
CA
u
CB

u
A
u
B
u
C

i
b
a
u
b
u
ref(2)
u
ref(1)
u
a
1 1'
2 3
4
5 6
6' 5'
4'
3' 2'
0
u
ref

o
V
VI
I
II
III
IV

Fig. 3. Three-to-one cell of MC.

Fig. 4. Order of the safe step-by-step commutation
of MC switches for the intervals 100 and 011.

The example also shows that for providing reliability it
is required to do commutation between only switches,
which are connected to mains phases with well-defined
voltage polarity between them. Due to this fact the situa-
tions, when the polarity difficultly to define under ap-
proximate equality of phase voltages within dead time of
voltage sensors are excluded, especially under significant
voltage distortion.
Consider the algorithm of synthesizing the reference
output voltage space vector under its position in the sector I
[Fig. 2(a)], assuming also that relation of mains voltages
corresponds to interval 100 in the time diagram [Fig. 2(b)].
The fragments of the vector and time diagram are presented
in Fig. 5.
The reference space vector u
ref
during each SVM cycle is
being formed of one zero (0) and four non-zero (1, 2, 1', 2')
stationary vectors [Fig. 5(a)]. The zero vector is being
formed by connection of output MC phases to mains phase
A. The non-zero vectors are being formed of line voltages
u
AB
and u
AC
[Fig. 5(b)] which have biggest values in the
current interval of the mains period 100. The relation of the
vector amplitudes corresponds to relation of these voltages
during described moment of time [Fig. 2(b)].

(a)

(b)
Fig. 5. (a) Order of the stationary space vectors alternation. (b) Time
diagram of the input voltages in the interval 100.

The choice of the phase A for organizing short-circuit of
the load is caused by possibility to provide the safe step-by-
step commutation shown in Fig. 4. The allowable alterna-
tion of the stationary vectors in SVM cycle for this case is
presented by dashed lines in Fig. 5(a). Due to this fact the
situations when vectors 1-1' or 2-2' follow one after an-
other are excluded. Otherwise it could result the uncer-
tainty under evaluation of the voltage relation in the middle
of interval 100.
The rule of the alternation of the stationary vectors is the
following: at first it is being formed two non-zero vectors
of the same line voltage, then zero vector by connecting
load phases to mains phase with the maximal voltage in
current interval (in this case u
A
) and then it is being formed
another two non-zero vectors of other mains line voltage.
This algorithm is demonstrated in Fig. 6, where it is
showed the turned on switches forming corresponding sta-
tionary vectors during SVM cycle, the transitions from one
switch state to another with safe commutation and also the
order of the conjugation of the two adjacent cycles.
The constant switch states are shown by solid lines and
the transition of the current from one switch to another - by
dashed lines. It is necessary to note that all commutations
are functionally proved since the presence of zero vector is
supposed by SVM principle. Besides it is achieved minimal
number of commutations in SVM cycle (it is equal to four).
Under transition of the vector u
ref
from one sector into
another, for example, from the sector I into the sector II
[Fig. 2(a)] the algorithm of stationary vectors alternating
remains the same:


100
u
AB
u
AC
u
B
u
C
u
A
1202'1' 3'2'023
3202'3'
1
1'
0
2'
2
u
ref
0
0
1
1
0
0
u
A
<0,
u
B
>0,
u
C
>0
(011)
0-0-1
1-1-1
1-1-1
1-0-0
0-0-0
0-0-0
A
u
A
>0,
u
B
<0,
u
C
<0
(100)
B
C
1-1-1
0-0-1
1-0-0
1-1-1
0-0-0
0-0-0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1-0-0
1-1-1
0-0-0
0-0-0
1-1-1
0-0-1
1-1-1
1-0-0
0-0-0
0-0-0
0-0-1
1-1-1
0
0
0
0
1
1
=
S
A
1
S
A
2
S
B
1
S
B
2
S
C
1
S
C
2
C
B
S
A
1
A
S
A
S
B
S
C

S
A
2 S
B
2 S
C
2
S
B
1
S
C
1

Fig. 6. Order of alternation of commutations in SVM cycle with their
minimizing.

For conjugation SVM cycles both inside the sector and
under transitions of the vector u
ref
between sectors [Fig.
2(a)] it is necessary to form non-zero vectors at the end of
the previous and at the beginning of the next cycle using
the same line voltage.
The proposed method of current commutation for the
MC with SVM is robust to the accuracy of boundaries de-
termining for mains voltage period intervals (Fig. 3). At the
ends of the mains intervals voltage period [Fig. 2(b)] the
relation of voltages between mains phases is determined
exactly. The same exact determination is also in the fixed
time interval before and after intervals boundaries; the du-
ration of the interval depends on the extent of the mains
voltage distortion. During this time interval the changing of
the order of step-by-step switches commutation for each
interval can be done in an arbitrary moment of time. There-
fore the alternation order of the stationary vectors in SVM
cycle and the corresponding order of step-by-step commu-
tation, implemented in the present interval can be used
when forming output voltage from the same mains voltages
beyond the boundaries of the adjacent intervals in the lim-
its, which are determined by degree of the mains voltage
distortions.
III. TORQUE TRACKING CONTROL ALGORITHM
FOR DFIM
In [5], [13] authors proposed to use a stator voltage vec-
tor oriented reference frame instead of the stator flux ori-
ented one for the control of DFIM. The line voltage vector
angle can be easily measured with negligible errors, avoid-
ing the stator current measurement.
The equivalent two-phase model of the symmetrical
DFIM with connected to line stator, represented in stator
voltage-vector oriented frame (d-q) is
( ) ( ) 1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2
2
,
1
,
,
,
1
,
1
,
n q d d q L
d d q m d
q q d m q
d d q d n q d
q q d q n d q
p i i T
J
L i U
L i
i i i p U u
i i i p u

u

=
=
= + + +
= +
= + + +
= + + +

(3)
where
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 1 1
, , , , ,
d q d q d q
u u i i are rotor voltages,
rotor currents and stator fluxes, T
L
is a moving torque, gen-
erated by the primary mover, U and
1
are stator (line)
voltage amplitude and angular frequency, and are angu-
lar position and rotor speed,
2 1
= is sleep angular
frequency, p
n
is number of pole pair. Positive constants
related to DFIM electrical parameters are defined as:
1
1
1
R
L
= ,
2
2 2
1 2
1
m
L
L
L L

| |
=
|
|
\ .
,
1 2
m
L
L

= ,
2
2 1
2
m
R
L

= + ,
1
3
2
m
L
L
u = ,
where
1 2 1 2
, , , R R L L - resistance and inductance of stator
and rotor respectively,
m
L - mutual inductance.
When DFIM is used as generator, the torque
L
T in the
first equation of (3) is a moving torque, generated by the
primary mover, and stabilizing the mechanical system,
whose general representation is
( )
( )
*
1
,
,
L
L m m
T T
J
T k

=
=

(4)
where 0
m
k

> is the speed controller gain of the primary

mover and
*
0
m
> is the primary mover speed reference.
Electromagnetic torque T of the DFIM is the load torque
for the mechanical system (4) of the primary energy con-
verter. The main control objective of the DFIM operating
as a generator is to produce the desired generated torque
*
( ) T t independently of .
Assuming the rotor current-fed condition, the following
torque-flux control algorithm is constructed
Torque control algorithm
*
2
*
d
T
i
u
= (5)
Flux level control algorithm
( )
* *
2 1
1
1
q
m
i
L

= + (6)
with the flux reference calculated from
*
1 1 2
0
m d
L i U + + = (7)
2' 2'

1' 1'

0 0

1 1

2 2
1 1

2 2

0 0

2' 2'

1' 1'
Switch states for 1
st
sector of output voltage

Stationary
vectors
S
Aa
S
Ba
S
Ca
S
Ab
S
Bb
S
Cb
S
Ac
S
Bc
S
Cc





u
A
>
0
,

u
B
<
0
,

u
C
<
0

(
1
0
0
)






u
A
<
0
,

u
B
>
0
,

u
C
>
0

(
0
1
1
)


The flux reference
*
computed from (7) and (5) is equal
to
2 *
1 1
*
1
2
4
3
2
U U RT

| |

|
\ .
= (8)
In [13] it is shown that torque-flux control algorithm (5)
(8) guaranties global asymptotic exponential torque
tracking together with asymptotic stator flux orientation,
given by condition
*
1 1
lim 0, lim( ) 0
d q
t t


= = (9)
From (6), (8) and (9) it can be concluded that, during the
steady state (with
*
0 T =

),
*
1 2
lim
q m q
t
L i

= = , which
implies that
1
lim 0
q
t
i

= , and operation with zero stator side

reactive power is achieved.
In actual DFIM rotor currents are not available as control
inputs and the torque-flux controller outputs (
2 2
,
d q
i i ) in (5)
and (6) can only represent desired trajectories (
* *
2 2
,
d q
i i ) for
the real currents
2 2
,
d q
i i . The rotor voltage vector
( )
2 2 2
,
T
d q
u u u = is the only physically available control
input of DFIM. The current loop control algorithm should
be designed to guarantee that current tracking errors
*
2 2 2
*
2 2 2
,
,
d d d
q q q
i i i
i i i
=
=

(10)
asymptotically decay to zero.
Following [13] the current controllers control algorithm
is defined as
( )
( )
* * * *
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
* * * *
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
,
,
,
,
d d q d i d d
d ii d
q q d q i q q
q ii q
u i i U i k i x
x k i
u i i i k i x
x k i


= + + +
=
= + +
=

(11)
where
* *
2 2
,
d q
i i are rotor currents reference in (d-q) reference
frame; k
i
and k
ii
are positive proportional and integral gains
of current controllers;
*
is stator flux reference; ,
d q
x x are
integral components of current controllers.
Under conditions for current controller proportional gain
k
i
, defined in [13], total vector control algorithm given by
(5)(8) and (11) ensures that equilibrium point
*
1 1 2 2
, ( ), , , , 0
T
d q d q d q
i i x x

=


is globally exponen-
tially stable if physical DFIM restriction
( )
2 *
1 1
4(2 3) 0 U RT > is satisfied.
The block diagram of the proposed controller is shown in
Fig. 7.
Current and
fl ux reference
c omput a tion
k
i

k
i



Feedforward
comput ation
k
i i

p
k
i i

p
e
J(
1
-)
e
-J(
1
-)
Voltage
reference
frame
comput ation

x
q
x
d

u
2dr
u
2qr
i
2dr
i
2qr
i
2d
i
2q

1
U

u
1a
u
1b

u
2 d
u
2q

*
T
*
T

*
T


*
2 d
i
*
2 q
i
d
i
2
~

q
i
2
~

1
*
2
*
2
*
2
*
2
*
, , , , , , U i i i i
q d q d



Fig. 7. Block diagram of the torque tracking stator side power factor stabilizing controller.
IV. EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF THE DOUBLY-
FED INDUCTION MACHINE WITH MATRIX
CONVERTER

The proposed torque tracking control algorithm has been
experimentally tested using 1.4 kW wound rotor induction
machine, whose rated data are: current 5.2 A; voltage 380
V; torque 15 Nm; stator resistance and inductance R
1
=4.7
, L
1
=0.161 H; rotor resistance and inductance R
2
=5.3 ,
L
2
=0.161 H; mutual inductance L
m
=0.138 H. The experi-
mental tests were carried out using an experimental set-up,
whose block diagram is shown in Fig. 8.
The experimental set-up includes:
1. A wound rotor induction machine supplied by a 6
kVA matrix converter (MC), operating at 5 kHz switching
frequency, with dead-time equal to 2 s.
2. A current (speed) controlled DC motor, used to sta-
bilize the speed of the rotor shaft, when the DFIM is used
as a generator.
3. A DSP-based, real-time controller implemented us-
ing dSPACE DS1102 control board (TMS320C31) directly
connected to PC bus. The sampling time for control im-
plementation has been set to 200s, the visualization and
acquisition system of DS1102 were used for real time trac-
ing of selected variables and data storage.
4. LEM current and voltage sensors for measuring all
of the analog signals. Analog filters with a cut-off fre-
quency of 2 kHz have been adopted for filtering of all ana-
log signals.
5. An incremental encoder with 5000 ppr, used to
measure rotor position and speed.
6. A personal computer, acting as operator interface
for programming, debugging, program downloading, vir-
tual oscilloscope and automation function during the ex-
periments.
The proportional and integral gains of the rotor current
controllers in (10) have been set at
3
10
i
k = ,
4
25 10
ii
k = .
All programs for controller implementation have been writ-
ten using C
++
language. The discrete-time version of the
algorithm proposed has been obtained applying simple
backward derivative discretization method.
Experiments, reported in Fig. 9, were performed to investi-
gate the system behaviour during torque tracking in gen-
erator mode. The sequence of operation during this test is
shown in Fig. 9(a). The DFIM, already connected to the
line grid, is required to track a trapezoidal torque reference,
which starts at t = 0.2 s from zero initial value and reaches
the rated value of -10 Nm at t = 0.3 s. Note that flux value,
required to track torque trajectory with unity power factor
at stator side is not a constant, as it is usually assumed ne-
glecting stator resistance in field oriented solutions. Fig.
9(b) reports transients of DFIM variables during torque
tracking. Rotor current errors are controlled at zero level.
The reactive component of the stator current is almost null
during all the time (a non-zero value is theoretically admis-
sible only when the torque reference derivative is not null).
As result, the stator phase current, reported in Fig. 9(b), has
a phase angle opposite to the line voltage one and shows a
low content of high order harmonics. The same transients
during torque tracking in motor mode are shown in Fig.
10.

Host
PC
DSP
Controller
Interface
Interface
MATRIX
CONVERTER
Voltage
sensors
DCM
Controller
~
DCM
control

DCM
F
r
o
m

h
o
s
t

P
C

i
dc

AC
DC
IM
~
~

*
i
*


Fig. 8. Block diagram of experimental set-up.
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
time, s
Torque reference
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
time, s
Flux reference
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-4
-2
0
2
4
time, s
Rotor reference currents
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
100
105
110
115
120
time, s
Speed
Nm Wb
A
rad/s
d-axis
q-axis

(a)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-4
-2
0
2
4
time, s
Rotor currents i
2d
, i
2q
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-20
-10
0
10
20
time, s
Rotor phase currents
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2
-1
0
1
2
time, s
Rotor d-current error
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2
-1
0
1
2
time, s
Rotor q-current error
A A
A A
d-axis
q-axis

0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1
- 5
- 4
- 3
- 2
- 1
0
1
t i m e , s
S t a t o r c u r r e n t s i
1d
, i
1q
0. 4 0. 42 0. 44 0. 46 0. 48 0. 5
- 10
- 5
0
5
10
t i m e , s
S t a t o r v o l t a g e a n d c u r r e n t
A
V *20
A
daxi s
qaxi s

(b)
Fig. 9. Transient performance during torque tracking (generator mode).
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
time, s
Torque reference
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
time, s
Flux reference
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
time, s
Rotor reference currents
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
100
105
110
115
120
time, s
Speed
d - axis
q - axis
Nm
Wb
A rad/s

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
time, s
Rotor currents i2d, i2q
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-20
-10
0
10
20
time, s
Rotor phase currents
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2
-1
0
1
2
time, s
Rotor d-current error
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-2
-1
0
1
2
time, s
Rotor q-current error
d - axis
q - axis
A
A
A
A

0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1
- 1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
t i m e, s
S t a t o r c u r r e n t s i
1d
, i
1q
0. 4 0. 42 0. 44 0. 46 0. 48 0. 5
- 10
- 5
0
5
10
t i m e, s
S t a t o r v o l t a g e a n d c u r r e n t
d - axi s
q - axi s
A
V *20
A


Fig. 10. Transient performance during torque tracking (motor mode).
V. CONCLUSIONS

It is experimentally demonstrated that proposed control
algorithms for MC-fed vector controlled DFIM are suitable
for high performance energy conversion systems. Torque
tracking together with zero reactive power operation at
both DFIM stator and MC sides are achieved. One of the
important conclusions from the performed experimental
tests of the MC-fed DFIM is that MC does not have any
limitation for such kind of high performance applications,
where low output voltage is required with high level of
output current. Condition of DC output current during op-
eration of DFIM with the synchronous speed is easily
achievable.

REFERENCES

[1] W. Leonhard, Control of Electric Drives. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,
1996.
[2] L. Huber, D. Borojevic, "Space vector modulated three-phase to
three-phase matrix converter with input power factor correction,"
IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., Vol.31, No.6, pp. 1234-1245, 1995.
[3] E. Chekhet, V. Mikhalsky, V. Sobolev and I. Shapoval, "Control
technique for matrix converter," in Proc. of the 5th Conf. UEES'
2001, Szczecin, Poland, Vol. 2, 2001, pp. 583-588.
[4] L. Zhang, C. Watthanasarn and W. Shephard, "Analysis and im-
plementation of a space vector modulation algorithm for direct ac-
ac matrix converters," in EPE Journal, Vol. 6, May 1996, No.1, pp.
284-284.
[5] E. Chekhet, V. Sobolev, S. Peresada and I. Shapoval, "Experimen-
tal Evaluation of the High Performance Vector Controlled Doubly-
Fed Induction Machine with Matrix Converter," in Technical elec-
trodynamics, Special issue on Problems of modern electrical engi-
neering, Vol. 4, 2002, pp. 21-26.
[6] L. Zhang, C. Watthanasarn and W. Shepherd, "Application of a
Matrix Converter for the Power Control of a Variable-Speed Wind-
Turbine Driving a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator," in Proc.
IECON97, Vol. 2, 1997, pp. 906 911.
[7] D. Casadei, C. Serra and A. Tani, "Reduction of the input-current
harmonic content in matrix converters under input/output
unbalance," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol.45, No. 3, pp. 401-
411, June 1998.
[8] E. Chekhet, S. Peresada, V. Sobolev and S. Kovbasa,
"Experimental Evaluation of the High Performance Vector
Controlled Matrix Converter-Fed Induction Motor," in Proc. EPE-
PEMC2002, Dubrovnik & Cavtat, Croatia, September 2002, T11-
008 on CD-ROM.
[9] L. Empringham, P. Wheeler and J.C. Clare, "Bi-directional switch
current commutation for matrix converter applications," in Proc.
PEMC98, Czech Republic, Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 2-42 2-47.
[10] D. Casadei, A. Trentin, M. Matteini and M. Calvini, "Matrix
Converter Commutation Strategy Using both Output Current and
Input Voltage Sign Measurement," in Proc. of the 10
th
European
Conference on Power Electronics and Applications EPE2003,
Toulouse, France, 2003, 1101 on CD-ROM.
[11] J.H. Youw and B.H. Kwon, "Switching technique for current
controlled AC-to-AC converters," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.
46, No. 2, pp. 309318, April 1999.
[12] M. Ziegler and W. Hofmann, "Rectifier based robust control of
bidirectional switches in AC-AC matrix converters," in Proc. EPE-
PEMC2002, Dubrovnik & Cavtat, Croatia, September 2002,
SSJWK-02 on CD-ROM.
[13] S. Peresada, A. Tilli and A. Tonielli, "Robust Active-Reactive
Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine," in Proc. of
IEEE - IECON'98, Aachen, Germany, Sept. 1998, pp.1621-1625.